{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T11:34:46Z","timestamp":1792928086933,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013367","name":"Fondation Jean-Louis L\u00e9vesque","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:49:40Z","timestamp":1789602580000},"page":"112919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Deoxynivalenol exposure promotes apoptosis and disrupts GnRH-dependent LH production in pituitary gonadotrope-like cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"623","author":[{"given":"Guodong","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingchen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Marien-Bourgeois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Boerboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0089-9955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Zamberlam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0718-2655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imourana","family":"Alassane-Kpembi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143640","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier effects of the fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol, 3 acetyldeoxynivalenol, and moniliformin and their transfer to the brain","volume":"10","author":"Behrens","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2009-0030","article-title":"ERK signaling in the pituitary is required for female but not male fertility","volume":"23","author":"Bliss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-023-00499-x","article-title":"Real-life exposure to fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone triggers apoptosis and activates NLRP3 inflammasome in bovine primary theca cells","volume":"39","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mycotoxin Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.162r001","article-title":"LbetaT2 gonadotroph cells secrete follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in response to active A","volume":"162","author":"Graham","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11070375","article-title":"Global mycotoxin occurrence in feed: a ten-year survey","volume":"11","author":"Gruber-Dorninger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-15-0018","article-title":"Effects of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol on steroidogenesis and apoptosis in granulosa cells","volume":"149","author":"Guerrero-Netro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reproduction (Cambridge, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.08.010","article-title":"Zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol inhibit the synthesis and secretion of pig follicle stimulating hormone via the non-classical estrogen membrane receptor GPR30","volume":"461","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018818772775","article-title":"The role of mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular receptor kinase pathway in female fertility outcomes: a focus on pituitary gonadotropins regulation","volume":"9","author":"Kahnamouyi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1709","article-title":"GnRH regulates gonadotropin gene expression through NADPH\/dual oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species","volume":"156","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-018-1502-7","article-title":"A real-time, bioluminescent annexin V assay for the assessment of apoptosis","volume":"24","author":"Kupcho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2020.115166","article-title":"Epigenetic upregulation of galanin-like peptide mediates deoxynivalenol induced-growth inhibition in pituitary cells","volume":"403","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins5040784","article-title":"From the gut to the brain: journey and pathophysiological effects of the food-associated trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol","volume":"5","author":"Maresca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2012.02359.x","article-title":"Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone signalling downstream of calmodulin","volume":"24","author":"Melamed","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1571479","article-title":"Global occurrence of deoxynivalenol in food commodities and exposure risk assessment in humans in the last decade: a survey","volume":"60","author":"Mishra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.04.004","article-title":"Differential roles of PKC isoforms (PKCs) in GnRH stimulation of MAPK phosphorylation in gonadotrope derived cells","volume":"463","author":"Mugami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202100191","article-title":"Dietary exposure to the food contaminant deoxynivalenol triggers colonic breakdown by activating the mitochondrial and the death receptor pathways","volume":"65","author":"Payros","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2931","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-016-1826-4","article-title":"Toxicology of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms","volume":"90","author":"Payros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030802056626","article-title":"Mechanisms of deoxynivalenol-induced gene expression and apoptosis","volume":"25","author":"Pestka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Addit Contam Part A"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-010-0579-8","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol: mechanisms of action, human exposure, and toxicological relevance","volume":"84","author":"Pestka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR","volume":"29","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2015.08.025","article-title":"Individual and combined effects of deoxynivalenol and \u03b1-zearalenol on cell proliferation and steroidogenesis of granulosa cells in cattle","volume":"40","author":"Pizzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/03601239009372697","article-title":"Distribution of deoxynivalenol in cerebral spinal fluid following administration to swine and sheep","volume":"25","author":"Prelusky","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Environ Sci Health B"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2004.12.017","article-title":"Characterization of the effect of deoxynivalenol on selected male reproductive endpoints","volume":"43","author":"Sprando","year":"2005","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(99)00103-9","article-title":"The effect of vomitoxin (Deoxnivalenol) on testicular morphology, testicular spermatid counts and epididymal sperm counts in IL-6KO [B6129-IL6 [TmlKopf] (IL-6 gene deficient)] and WT [B6129F2 (wild type to B6129-IL6 with an intact IL-6 gene)] mice","volume":"37","author":"Sprando","year":"1999","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-022-03337-8","article-title":"Toxicokinetics and metabolism of deoxynivalenol in animals and humans","volume":"96","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14070497","article-title":"Comparative effects of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and its modified forms de-epoxy-deoxynivalenol and hydrolyzed zearalenone on boar semen in vitro","volume":"14","author":"Tassis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K09E-185","article-title":"GnRH pulsatility, the pituitary response and reproductive dysfunction","volume":"56","author":"Tsutsumi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib28","first-page":"439","article-title":"Steroid and pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulation of luteinizing hormone and GnRH receptor in a novel gonadotrope cell line","volume":"10","author":"Turgeon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13100685","article-title":"In vitro analysis of deoxynivalenol influence on steroidogenesis in prostate","volume":"13","author":"Urbanek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.09.006","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol induces toxicity and apoptosis in piglet hippocampal nerve cells via the MAPK signaling pathway","volume":"155","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10616","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c01151","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol inhibits progenitor leydig cell development by stimulating mitochondrial fission in rats","volume":"72","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327116629529","article-title":"Prepubertal exposure to T-2 toxin advances pubertal onset and development in female rats via promoting the onset of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."}],"container-title":["Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303720726001966?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303720726001966?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T11:13:12Z","timestamp":1792926792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0303720726001966"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S0303720726001966"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919","relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-7207"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-7207","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Deoxynivalenol exposure promotes apoptosis and disrupts GnRH-dependent LH production in pituitary gonadotrope-like cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2026.112919","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112919"}}