{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:07:23Z","timestamp":1791295643269,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]],"date-time":"2011-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,8]],"date-time":"2011-05-08T06:49:04Z","timestamp":1304837344000},"page":"439-461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Chronic Heart Failure in Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182009701","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142011 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"123","author":"Roger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192666","article-title":"Executive summary: heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142010 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"121","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2006.08.002","article-title":"Clinical manifestations, diagnostic assessment, and etiology of heart failure in older adults","volume":"23","author":"Ahmed","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.04.064","article-title":"Characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of patients with preserved systolic function hospitalized for heart failure: a report from the OPTIMIZE-HF Registry","volume":"50","author":"Fonarow","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.12.1597","article-title":"Drug treatment of systolic and of diastolic heart failure in elderly persons","volume":"60","author":"Aronow","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-5215.2002.51020.x","article-title":"American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association chronic heart failure evaluation and management guidelines: relevance to the geriatric practice","volume":"51","author":"Ahmed","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2007.07.005","article-title":"DEFEAT heart failure: clinical manifestations, diagnostic assessment, and etiology of geriatric heart failure","volume":"3","author":"Ahmed","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart Fail Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2008.03.004","article-title":"DEFEAT heart failure: assessment and management of heart failure in nursing homes made easy","volume":"9","author":"Ahmed","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-8-200210150-00006","article-title":"Outcome of congestive heart failure in elderly persons: influence of left ventricular systolic function. The cardiovascular health study","volume":"137","author":"Gottdiener","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)01393-X","article-title":"Importance of heart failure with preserved systolic function in patients\u00a0> or\u00a0= 65 years of age. CHS research group. Cardiovascular health study","volume":"87","author":"Kitzman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.17.2144","article-title":"Pathophysiological characterization of isolated diastolic heart failure in comparison to systolic heart failure","volume":"288","author":"Kitzman","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.03.025","article-title":"Value of orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and medications in prospective population studies of incident heart failure","volume":"104","author":"Ekundayo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90405-P","article-title":"Bedside cardiovascular examination in patients with severe chronic heart failure: importance of rest or inducible jugular venous distension","volume":"22","author":"Butman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010641","article-title":"Prognostic importance of elevated jugular venous pressure and a third heart sound in patients with heart failure","volume":"345","author":"Drazner","year":"2001","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.1.55","article-title":"The obesity paradox: body mass index and outcomes in patients with heart failure","volume":"165","author":"Curtis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031681","article-title":"Use of B-type natriuretic peptide in the evaluation and management of acute dyspnea","volume":"350","author":"Mueller","year":"2004","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.19.2132","article-title":"Usefulness of the external jugular vein examination in detecting abnormal central venous pressure in critically ill patients","volume":"166","author":"Vinayak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn309","volume":"29","author":"Dickstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020233","article-title":"Rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure","volume":"347","author":"Maisel","year":"2002","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi044","article-title":"Executive summary of the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of acute heart failure: the task force on acute heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"26","author":"Nieminen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2002.20101.x","article-title":"How far is the sternal angle from the mid-right atrium?","volume":"17","author":"Seth","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)90940-3","article-title":"Clinical and hemodynamic assessment of the hepatojugular reflux","volume":"66","author":"Sochowski","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.10.1339","article-title":"Association of diastolic dysfunction and outcomes in ambulatory older adults with chronic heart failure","volume":"60","author":"Ahmed","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi890","article-title":"Heart failure, chronic diuretic use, and increase in mortality and hospitalization: an observational study using propensity score methods","volume":"27","author":"Ahmed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.05.032","article-title":"A\u00a0propensity-matched study of the effects of chronic diuretic therapy on mortality and hospitalization in older adults with heart failure","volume":"125","author":"Ahmed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.05.047","article-title":"A\u00a0propensity-matched study of low serum potassium and mortality in older adults with chronic heart failure","volume":"137","author":"Alper","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm091","article-title":"A\u00a0propensity-matched study of the association of low serum potassium levels and mortality in chronic heart failure","volume":"28","author":"Ahmed","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.899526","article-title":"Hypokalemia and outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease: findings from propensity-matched studies","volume":"3","author":"Bowling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.5.1724","article-title":"Comparison of neuroendocrine activation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure. A substudy of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD)","volume":"82","author":"Francis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.12.052","article-title":"Effects of loop diuretics on myocardial fibrosis and collagen type I turnover in chronic heart failure","volume":"43","author":"Lopez","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(02)00122-8","article-title":"Torasemide in chronic heart failure: results of the TORIC study","volume":"4","author":"Cosin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)00903-2","article-title":"Open-label randomized trial of torsemide compared with furosemide therapy for patients with heart failure","volume":"111","author":"Murray","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.04.041","article-title":"Mild hyperkalemia and outcomes in\u00a0chronic heart failure: a propensity matched study","volume":"144","author":"Ahmed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.11.195","article-title":"Oral potassium supplement use and outcomes in chronic heart failure: a propensity-matched study","volume":"141","author":"Ekundayo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001","article-title":"The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized aldactone evaluation study investigators","volume":"341","author":"Pitt","year":"1999","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702203360801","article-title":"The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure","volume":"336","author":"The Digitalis Investigation Group","year":"1997","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi687","article-title":"Digoxin and reduction in mortality and hospitalization in heart failure: a comprehensive post hoc analysis of the DIG trial","volume":"27","author":"Ahmed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.628347","article-title":"Effects of digoxin on morbidity and mortality in diastolic heart failure: the ancillary digitalis investigation group trial","volume":"114","author":"Ahmed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.12.001","article-title":"Effects of digoxin at low serum concentrations on mortality and hospitalization in heart failure: a propensity-matched study of the DIG trial","volume":"123","author":"Ahmed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.3.323","article-title":"Digoxin and reduction in mortality and hospitalization in geriatric heart failure: importance of low doses and low serum concentrations","volume":"62","author":"Ahmed","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14283-3","article-title":"Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trial","volume":"362","author":"McMurray","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e154","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586","volume":"112","author":"Hunt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200408000-00006","article-title":"Use of beta-blockers in older adults with chronic heart failure","volume":"328","author":"Ahmed","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030207","article-title":"Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction","volume":"348","author":"Pitt","year":"2003","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009492","article-title":"Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms","volume":"364","author":"Zannad","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805450","article-title":"Irbesartan in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction","volume":"359","author":"Massie","year":"2008","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.909614","article-title":"Mode of death in patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction: results from the Irbesartan in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction study (I-Preserve) trial","volume":"121","author":"Zile","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(99)00039-2","article-title":"Perindopril for elderly people with chronic heart failure: the PEP-CHF study. The PEP investigators","volume":"1","author":"Cleland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl250","article-title":"The perindopril in elderly people with chronic heart failure (PEP-CHF) study","volume":"27","author":"Cleland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14285-7","article-title":"Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: the CHARM-Preserved trial","volume":"362","author":"Yusuf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi115","article-title":"Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS)","volume":"26","author":"Flather","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.061239","article-title":"The underuse of digoxin in heart failure, and approaches to appropriate use","volume":"176","author":"Ahmed","year":"2007","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009540","article-title":"Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure","volume":"363","author":"Tang","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.30","article-title":"Implantable cardiac device procedures in older patients: use and in-hospital outcomes","volume":"170","author":"Swindle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.16","article-title":"Best clinical practice: art, science, or both?: comment on \u201cimplantable cardiac device procedures in older patients\u201d","volume":"170","author":"Kusumoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-5-200409070-00102","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with symptomatic heart failure","volume":"141","author":"Nichol","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.109.848523","article-title":"Should implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and permanent pacemakers in patients with terminal illness be deactivated? Deactivating permanent pacemaker in patients with terminal illness. Patient autonomy is paramount","volume":"2","author":"Zellner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"}],"container-title":["Medical Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002571251100006X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002571251100006X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,2]],"date-time":"2018-12-02T18:24:29Z","timestamp":1543775069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002571251100006X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S002571251100006X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.02.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7125","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}}}