{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:36:00Z","timestamp":1787582160362,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,4]],"date-time":"2012-02-04T11:33:49Z","timestamp":1328355229000},"page":"223-233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Subacute, Silent, and Postpartum Thyroiditis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Mary H.","family":"Samuels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib1","first-page":"1769","article-title":"Thyroiditis","volume":"73","author":"Bindra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021799","article-title":"Clinical features and outcome of subacute thyroiditis in an incidence cohort: Olmsted County, Minnesota, study","volume":"88","author":"Fatourechi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346347","article-title":"Demographic and clinical features of patients with subacute thyroiditis: results of 169 patients from a single university center in Turkey","volume":"30","author":"Erdem","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347442","article-title":"Subacute thyroiditis: clinical characteristics and treatment outcome in fifty-six consecutive patients diagnosed between 1999 and 2005","volume":"30","author":"Benbassat","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.47.0740","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 852 patients with subacute thyroiditis before treatment","volume":"47","author":"Nishihara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-010-9327-3","article-title":"Subacute thyroiditis in the course of novel H1N1 influenza infection","volume":"37","author":"Dimos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e3181f49adc","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison between two imaging techniques for the diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis (de Quervain thyroiditis): brief communication","volume":"35","author":"Espinoza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K07E-163","article-title":"Association of the ultrasonographic findings of subacute thyroiditis with thyroid pain and laboratory findings","volume":"55","author":"Omori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021498","article-title":"Painful Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis as an indication for thyroidectomy: clinical characteristics and outcome in seven patients","volume":"88","author":"Kon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0300","article-title":"Acute thyrotoxicosis secondary to destructive thyroiditis associated with cardiac catheterization contrast dye","volume":"21","author":"Calvi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2002.01558.x","article-title":"Simple and practical parameters for differentiation between destruction-induced thyrotoxicosis and Graves\u2019 thyrotoxicosis","volume":"57","author":"Izumi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.40.292","article-title":"Evaluation of recurrence in 36 subacute thyroiditis patients managed with prednisolone","volume":"40","author":"Mizukoshi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra021194","article-title":"Thyroiditis","volume":"348","author":"Pearce","year":"2003","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1980.00330160038023","article-title":"Lymphocytic thyroiditis with spontaneously resolving hyperthyroidism (silent thyroiditis)","volume":"140","author":"Nikolai","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-198606000-00001","article-title":"Low incidence of painless thyroiditis in the Philadelphia area","volume":"11","author":"Schorr","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1985.00360030117021","article-title":"Silent (painless) thyroiditis. Evidence of a geographic variation in frequency","volume":"145","author":"Vitug","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K08E-055","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of frequently recurring painless thyroiditis: contributions of higher thyroid hormone levels, younger onset, male gender, presence of thyroid autoantibody and absence of goiter to repeated recurrence","volume":"56","author":"Nishimaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1988.00380090009003","article-title":"Is silent thyroiditis an autoimmune disease?","volume":"148","author":"Volp\u00e9","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K10E-199","article-title":"Study on cutoff value setting for differential diagnosis between Graves\u2019 disease and painless thyroiditis using the TRAb (Elecsys TRAb) measurement via the fully automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay system","volume":"57","author":"Kamijo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2006.0335","article-title":"Recurrent silent thyroiditis: a report of four patients and review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Mittra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.52.29","article-title":"Rapid differential diagnosis of Graves\u2019 disease and painless thyroiditis using total T3\/T4 ratio, TSH, and total alkaline phosphatase activity","volume":"52","author":"Yanagisawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.52.537","article-title":"Ratio of serum free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine in Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis caused by painless thyroiditis","volume":"52","author":"Yoshimura Noh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.52.493","article-title":"Usefulness of the 2nd generation assay for anti-TSH receptor antibodies to differentiate relapse of Graves\u2019 thyrotoxicosis from development of painless thyroiditis after antithyroid drug treatment for Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"52","author":"Izumi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02832.x","article-title":"Quantitative measurement of thyroid blood flow for differentiation of painless thyroiditis from Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"67","author":"Ota","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0091","article-title":"The continuing saga of postpartum thyroiditis","volume":"96","author":"Lazarus","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345493","article-title":"Post-partum thyroiditis in a mediterranean population: a prospective study of a large cohort of thyroid antibody positive women at the time of delivery","volume":"25","author":"Kita","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2000.10.71","article-title":"Postpartum thyroiditis: epidemiology and clinical evolution in a nonselected population","volume":"10","author":"Lucas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2011.0087","article-title":"Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum","volume":"21","author":"Stagnaro-Green","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.4.327","article-title":"Randomised trial of thyroxine to prevent postnatal depression in thyroid-antibody-positive women","volume":"180","author":"Harris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2006.16.573","article-title":"Prevalence of postpartum thyroid dysfunction: a quantitative review","volume":"16","author":"Nicholson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03797.x","article-title":"Postpartum thyroid dysfunction and the long-term risk of hypothyroidism: results from a 12-year follow-up study of women with and without postpartum thyroid dysfunction","volume":"73","author":"Stuckey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345318","article-title":"High iodine intake is a risk factor of post-partum thyroiditis: result of a survey from Shenyang, China","volume":"28","author":"Guan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1980","article-title":"High rate of persistent hypothyroidism in a large-scale prospective study of postpartum thyroiditis in southern Italy","volume":"96","author":"Stagnaro-Green","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347219","article-title":"Ultrasonographic characteristics and follow-up in post-partum thyroiditis","volume":"28","author":"Shahbazian","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3191","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.9.3191","article-title":"Postpartum thyroid dysfunction in pregnant thyroid peroxidase antibody-positive women living in an area with mild to moderate iodine deficiency: is iodine supplementation safe?","volume":"85","author":"N\u00f8hr","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-70-4-1014","article-title":"Effects of L-thyroxine and iodide on the development of autoimmune postpartum thyroiditis","volume":"70","author":"K\u00e4mpe","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1821","article-title":"The influence of selenium supplementation on postpartum thyroid status in pregnant women with thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies","volume":"92","author":"Negro","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1987.00370020041032","article-title":"Postpartum lymphocytic thyroiditis. Prevalence, clinical course, and long-term follow-up","volume":"147","author":"Nikolai","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01976","article-title":"The occurrence of permanent thyroid failure in patients with subclinical postpartum thyroiditis","volume":"153","author":"Azizi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.1.71","article-title":"Postpartum thyroiditis and long-term thyroid status: prognostic influence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies and ultrasound echogenicity","volume":"85","author":"Premawardhana","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2005.15.1177","article-title":"Postpartum thyroiditis: long-term follow-up","volume":"15","author":"Lucas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-66-3-480","article-title":"Long term follow-up and HLA association in patients with postpartum hypothyroidism","volume":"66","author":"Tachi","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Medical Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025712512000041?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025712512000041?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]],"date-time":"2018-11-26T15:26:24Z","timestamp":1543245984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0025712512000041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0025712512000041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcna.2012.01.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7125","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}}}