{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T02:28:23Z","timestamp":1769308103694,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T16:57:58Z","timestamp":1637600278000},"page":"61-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Current Best Practices for Acute and Chronic Management of Patients with Opioid Use Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Peterkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordana","family":"Laks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoe M.","family":"Weinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib1","first-page":"50","article-title":"The Chemical History of Morphine: An 8000-year Journey, from Resin to de-novo Synthesis","volume":"3","author":"Brook","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anesth Hist"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1508818","article-title":"Preventing and Treating Narcotic Addiction \u2014 A Century of Federal Drug Control","volume":"373","author":"Courtwright","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib3","author":"McCaffrey"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib4","first-page":"404","article-title":"The Opioid Crisis in Black Communities","volume":"46","author":"James","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Law Med Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib5","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.01.010","article-title":"The Triple Wave Epidemic: Supply and Demand Drivers of the US Opioid Overdose Crisis","volume":"71","author":"Ciccarone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.06.003","article-title":"US Regional and Demographic Differences in Prescription Opioid and Heroin-Related Overdose Hospitalizations","volume":"46","author":"Unick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.06.010","article-title":"Editorial for \u201cUS Heroin in Transition: Supply Changes, Fentanyl Adulteration and Consequences\u201d IJDP Special Section","volume":"46","author":"Ciccarone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2034878","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.34878","article-title":"Racial\/Ethnic Disparities in Unintentional Fatal and Nonfatal Emergency Medical Services\u2013Attended Opioid Overdoses During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Philadelphia","volume":"4","author":"Khatri","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-0865","article-title":"Prescription Opioid Use, Misuse, and Use Disorders in U.S. Adults: 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health","volume":"167","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2016.08.027","article-title":"The paradox of decreasing nonmedical opioid analgesic use and increasing abuse or dependence \u2014 An assessment of demographic and substance use trends, United States, 2003\u20132014","volume":"65","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib16","author":"Hedegaard"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6843a3","article-title":"Racial\/Ethnic and Age Group Differences in Opioid and Synthetic Opioid\u2013Involved Overdose Deaths Among Adults Aged \u226518 Years in Metropolitan Areas \u2014 United States, 2015\u20132017","volume":"68","author":"Lippold","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S133","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2008\/11\/S133","article-title":"Opioid pharmacology","volume":"11","author":"Trescot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1276","article-title":"Opioid Therapy in Acute and Chronic Pain","volume":"58","author":"Nafziger","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib22","series-title":"Medications for Opioid Use Disorder. Treatment improvement protocol (TIP) Series 63. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 18-5063","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1151\/spp021113","article-title":"The Neurobiology of Opioid Dependence: Implications for Treatment","volume":"1","author":"Kosten","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sci Pract Perspect"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00104-8","article-title":"Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis","volume":"3","author":"Koob","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2003.10400007","article-title":"The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS)","volume":"35","author":"Wesson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychoactive Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1604339","article-title":"Treatment of Opioid-Use Disorders","volume":"375","author":"Schuckit","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Buprenorphine for managing opioid withdrawal","author":"Gowing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Methadone at tapered doses for the management of opioid withdrawal","volume":"3","author":"Amato","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2014.12.011","article-title":"Discontinuation of buprenorphine maintenance therapy: perspectives and outcomes","volume":"52","author":"Bentzley","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"2S","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000633","article-title":"American Society of Addiction Medicine.The ASAM National Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder: 2020 Focused Update","volume":"14","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Managing Opioid Use Disorder During and After Acute Hospitalization: A Case-Based Review Clarifying Methadone Regulation for Acute Care Settings","volume":"4","author":"Noska","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Addict Behav Ther Rehabil"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E247","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.170958","article-title":"Management of opioid use disorders: a national clinical practice guideline","volume":"190","author":"Bruneau","year":"2018","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1049","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.190344","article-title":"Injectable opioid agonist treatment for opioid use disorder: a national clinical guideline","volume":"191","author":"Fairbairn","year":"2019","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.0109","article-title":"Hydromorphone Compared With Diacetylmorphine for Long-term Opioid Dependence: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"73","author":"Oviedo-Joekes","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib37","series-title":"Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2020"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.0876","article-title":"Buprenorphine Treatment Divide by Race\/Ethnicity and Payment","volume":"76","author":"Lagisetty","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e205734","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.5734","article-title":"Assessment of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Use of Medication to Treat Opioid Use Disorder Among Pregnant Women in Massachusetts","volume":"3","author":"Schiff","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Opioid use disorder","volume":"6","author":"Strang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-018-4801-3","article-title":"Methadone Matters: What the United States Can Learn from the Global Effort to Treat Opioid Addiction","volume":"34","author":"Calcaterra","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022164","article-title":"Office-based treatment of opiate addiction with a sublingual-tablet formulation of buprenorphine and naloxone","volume":"349","author":"Fudala","year":"2003","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j1550","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1550","article-title":"Mortality risk during and after opioid substitution treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"357","author":"Sordo","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.25.4.611.61020","article-title":"Effects of Buprenorphine on Cardiac Repolarization in a Patient with Methadone-Related Torsade de Pointes","volume":"25","author":"Krantz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacother J Hum Pharmacol Drug Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.12.004","article-title":"Predictors of Continued Use of Extended-Released Naltrexone (XR-NTX) for Opioid-Dependence: An Analysis of Heroin and Non-Heroin Opioid Users in Los Angeles County","volume":"63","author":"Cousins","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-05920-0","article-title":"Comparison of Treatment Options for Refractory Opioid Use Disorder in the United States and Canada: a Narrative Review","volume":"35","author":"Kimmel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.11.1000","article-title":"Moderate- vs High-Dose Methadone in the Treatment of Opioid Dependence: A Randomized Trial","volume":"281","author":"Strain","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib49","first-page":"377","article-title":"Safe Methadone Induction and Stabilization: Report of an Expert Panel","volume":"7","author":"Baxter","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Addict Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14522","article-title":"What should clinicians do as fentanyl replaces heroin?","volume":"114","author":"Bisaga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1027-0","article-title":"High-dose methadone produces superior opioid blockade and comparable withdrawal suppression to lower doses in opioid-dependent humans","volume":"161","author":"Donny","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01232.x","article-title":"Methadone doses of 100\u00a0mg or greater are more effective than lower doses at suppressing heroin self-administration in opioid-dependent volunteers","volume":"100","author":"Donny","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.6749","article-title":"Initiating Opioid Agonist Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in the Inpatient Setting: A Teachable Moment","volume":"179","author":"Raheemullah","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E73","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.74018","article-title":"Buprenorphine\u2013naloxone \u201cmicrodosing\u201d: an alternative induction approach for the treatment of opioid use disorder in the wake of North America's increasingly potent illicit drug market","volume":"192","author":"Randhawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108147","article-title":"Protracted renal clearance of fentanyl in persons with opioid use disorder","volume":"214","author":"Huhn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib56","first-page":"255","article-title":"Hospital-based Buprenorphine Micro-dose Initiation","volume":"15","author":"Weimer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Addict Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.7326\/L19-0725","article-title":"Switching From High-Dose, Long-Term Opioids to Buprenorphine: A Case Series","volume":"173","author":"Becker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/CXA.0000000000000072","article-title":"A\u00a0Review of Novel Methods To Support The Transition From Methadone and Other Full Agonist Opioids To Buprenorphine\/Naloxone Sublingual In Both Community and Acute Care Settings","volume":"10","author":"Ghosh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Addict"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2117128","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.17128","article-title":"High-Dose Buprenorphine Induction in the Emergency Department for Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder","volume":"4","author":"Herring","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib60","first-page":"1","article-title":"A\u00a0Review of Potential Adverse Effects of Long-Term Opioid Therapy: A Practitioner's Guide","volume":"14","author":"Baldini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion CNS Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib61","first-page":"109","article-title":"Primary Care for Persons Who Inject Drugs","volume":"99","author":"Visconti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/AIA.0000000000000276","article-title":"Opioid use disorder and infectious complications in persons who inject drugs","volume":"58","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Anesthesiol Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-1907","article-title":"Opioid Analgesic Use and Risk for Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases","volume":"168","author":"Wiese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3181850df6","article-title":"The Impact of Opioids on the Endocrine System","volume":"25","author":"Katz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib65","series-title":"Mortality in the United States, 2017","author":"Murphy","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2015.1424","article-title":"Hospitalizations Related To Opioid Abuse\/Dependence And Associated Serious Infections Increased Sharply, 2002\u201312","volume":"35","author":"Ronan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00344-7","article-title":"Injection frequency mediates health service use among persons with a history of drug injection","volume":"70","author":"Stein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.603","article-title":"Clinical Presentation, Etiology, and Outcome of Infective Endocarditis in the 21st Century: The International Collaboration on Endocarditis\u2013Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"169","author":"Murdoch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-016-0056-7","article-title":"Sleep abnormalities associated with alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and opiate use: a comprehensive review","volume":"11","author":"Angarita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib70","author":"Renner"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.12.030","article-title":"Co-occurring substance use and mental disorders among adults with opioid use disorder","volume":"197","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.04.005","article-title":"Changes in the prevalence of non-medical prescription drug use and drug use disorders in the United States: 1991\u20131992 and 2001\u20132002","volume":"90","author":"Blanco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108459","article-title":"Prevalence of childhood maltreatment among people with opioid use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"219","author":"Santo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01711.x","article-title":"The impact of post-traumatic stress disorder on treatment outcomes for heroin dependence","volume":"102","author":"Mills","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addict Abingdon Engl"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib75","first-page":"91","article-title":"A\u00a0Systematic Review on the Use of Psychosocial Interventions in Conjunction With Medications for the Treatment of Opioid Addiction","volume":"10","author":"Dugosh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Addict Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib76","series-title":"The ASAM essentials of addiction medicine","author":"Herron","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74.e11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.07.005","article-title":"A\u00a0Randomized Trial of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Primary Care-based Buprenorphine","volume":"126","author":"Fiellin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.08.016","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy improves treatment outcomes for prescription opioid users in primary-care based buprenorphine treatment","volume":"71","author":"Moore","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Subst Abuse Treat"}],"container-title":["Medical Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025712521001176?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025712521001176?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T01:46:07Z","timestamp":1758419167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0025712521001176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0025712521001176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7125","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Current Best Practices for Acute and Chronic Management of Patients with Opioid Use Disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.08.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}