{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T15:13:35Z","timestamp":1784042015063,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008530","name":"University of Miami School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T15:49:51Z","timestamp":1724341791000},"page":"1101-1117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Geriatric Patient"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Marcio Rotta","family":"Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Mahanna Gabrielli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efr\u00e9n C.","family":"Manjarrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib1","series-title":"ACS 1-Year Estimates Subject Tables: Age and Sex","author":"Bureau","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib2","unstructured":"Health care visits to doctor offices, emergency departments, and home visits within the past 12 months, by selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1997-2018. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/hus\/contents2019.htm#Table-030. (Accessed April 4 2024). 2019."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.0714","article-title":"An aging population and growing disease burden will require a large and specialized health care workforce by 2025","volume":"32","author":"Dall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23302","article-title":"Perioperative care of the geriatric patient for noncardiac surgery","volume":"43","author":"Wolfe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2015.12.026","article-title":"Optimal perioperative management of the geriatric patient: a best practices guideline from the american college of surgeons nsqip and the american geriatrics society","volume":"222","author":"Mohanty","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004602","article-title":"Frailty for perioperative clinicians: a narrative review","volume":"130","author":"McIsaac","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","article-title":"Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype","volume":"56","author":"Fried","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-8-24","article-title":"A\u00a0standard procedure for creating a frailty index","volume":"8","author":"Searle","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005595","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis of preoperative frailty instruments derived from electronic health data","volume":"133","author":"Alkadri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2017.11.005","article-title":"New 5-factor modified frailty index using american college of surgeons NSQIP data","volume":"226","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2007.11.005","article-title":"Frailty: toward a clinical definition","volume":"9","author":"Abellan van Kan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-012-0084-2","article-title":"A\u00a0simple frailty questionnaire (FRAIL) predicts outcomes in middle aged African Americans","volume":"16","author":"Morley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.03.022","article-title":"Frailty consensus: a call to action","volume":"14","author":"Morley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib14","first-page":"100414","article-title":"Frailty is associated with adverse postoperative outcomes after lung cancer resection","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"JTO Clin Res Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2224625","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.24625","article-title":"Association of frailty, age, socioeconomic status, and type of surgery with perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0262322","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262322","article-title":"Beyond the revised cardiac risk index: Validation of the hospital frailty risk score in non-cardiac surgery","volume":"17","author":"Gouda","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003257","article-title":"Accuracy and feasibility of clinically applied frailty instruments before surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"133","author":"Aucoin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2019.1024","article-title":"Influence of frailty on outcome in older patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery - a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Tjeertes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.11.035","article-title":"Association between frailty and patient outcomes after cancer surgery: a population-based cohort study","volume":"128","author":"Shaw","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4690","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-021-11321-2","article-title":"The association of frailty with outcomes after cancer surgery: a systematic review and metaanalysis","volume":"29","author":"Shaw","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2022.12.033","article-title":"Frailty assessment and perioperative major adverse cardiovascular events after noncardiac surgery","volume":"136","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V48N11p386","article-title":"Prehabilitation and its role in geriatric surgery","volume":"48","author":"Kow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singap"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.693","article-title":"Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols: time to change practice?","volume":"5","author":"Melnyk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01658930","article-title":"Postoperative fatigue","volume":"17","author":"Christensen","year":"1993","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007250","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007250","article-title":"Protocol for the PREHAB study-pre-operative rehabilitation for reduction of hospitalization after coronary bypass and valvular surgery: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Stammers","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002097","article-title":"Efficacy of prehabilitation before cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.03.020","article-title":"\"NEW\" prehabilitation: a 3-way approach to improve postoperative survival and health-related quality of life in cardiac surgery patients","volume":"34","author":"Arora","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003634","article-title":"Recommendations for the nomenclature of cognitive change associated with anaesthesia and surgery-2018","volume":"127","author":"Evered","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib29","unstructured":"American Psychiatry Association A. Neurocognitive Disoder. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder. 5th Edition, Text Revision DSM-V-TR ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing; 2022."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002436","article-title":"Postoperative delirium as a target for surgical quality improvement","volume":"268","author":"Berian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2014.10.019","article-title":"Postoperative delirium in older adults: best practice statement from the American Geriatrics Society","volume":"220","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4655","article-title":"Factors predicting incidence of post-operative delirium in older people following hip fracture surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2015.02.004","article-title":"Incidence of delirium following total joint replacement in older adults: a meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Scott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-021-01496-w","article-title":"Risk factors of postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"9106","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07382-0","article-title":"Long-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly ISPOCD1 study. ISPOCD investigators. International Study of Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction","volume":"351","author":"Moller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318215217e","article-title":"Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is independent of type of surgery and anesthetic","volume":"112","author":"Evered","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.07.004","article-title":"State of the clinical science of perioperative brain health: report from the American Society of Anesthesiologists Brain Health Initiative Summit 2018","volume":"123","author":"Mahanna-Gabrielli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/63.7.764","article-title":"Cholinergic deficiency hypothesis in delirium: a synthesis of current evidence","volume":"63","author":"Hshieh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"9920","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60688-1","article-title":"Delirium in elderly people","volume":"383","author":"Inouye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-199710050-00005","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric adverse effects of antiparkinsonian drugs. Characteristics, evaluation and treatment","volume":"10","author":"Young","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879801100304","article-title":"Pathophysiology of delirium","volume":"11","author":"van der Mast","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0681-9","article-title":"Perioperative cerebrospinal fluid and plasma inflammatory markers after orthopedic surgery","volume":"13","author":"Hirsch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200603000-00005","article-title":"Upregulation of prostaglandin E2 and interleukins in the central nervous system and peripheral tissue during and after surgery in humans","volume":"104","author":"Buvanendran","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01528","article-title":"The effect of propofol vs. isoflurane anesthesia on postoperative changes in cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels: results from a randomized trial","volume":"8","author":"Berger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e150","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004179","article-title":"Flow cytometry characterization of cerebrospinal fluid monocytes in patients with postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a pilot study","volume":"129","author":"Berger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00698-7","article-title":"The inter-relationship between delirium and dementia: the importance of delirium prevention","volume":"18","author":"Fong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1159\/000443789","article-title":"Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier integrity in delirium determined by Q-Albumin","volume":"41","author":"Hov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-151190","article-title":"The effect of propofol versus isoflurane anesthesia on human cerebrospinal fluid markers of alzheimer's disease: results of a randomized trial","volume":"52","author":"Berger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-100702","article-title":"Coronary artery bypass surgery provokes Alzheimer's disease-like changes in the cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"21","author":"Palotas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2012.02769.x","article-title":"Open-heart surgery increases cerebrospinal fluid levels of Alzheimer-associated amyloid beta","volume":"57","author":"Reinsfelt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000953","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for alzheimer disease predicts postoperative cognitive dysfunction","volume":"124","author":"Evered","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.58","article-title":"Preoperative cerebrospinal fluid beta-Amyloid\/Tau ratio and postoperative delirium","volume":"1","author":"Xie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.032","article-title":"Perioperative risk factors associated with increased incidence of postoperative delirium: systematic review, meta-analysis, and grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation system report of clinical literature","volume":"130","author":"Mevorach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.10.037","article-title":"Members of the perioperative brain health expert P. improving perioperative brain health: an expert consensus review of key actions for the perioperative care team","volume":"126","author":"Peden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004641","article-title":"American society for enhanced recovery and perioperative quality initiative joint consensus statement on postoperative delirium prevention","volume":"130","author":"Hughes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-023-00506-7","article-title":"Assessing and managing frailty in emergency laparotomy: a WSES position paper","volume":"18","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005609","article-title":"The association of preoperative frailty and postoperative delirium: a meta-analysis","volume":"133","author":"Gracie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004773","article-title":"Frailty is associated with postoperative delirium but not with postoperative cognitive decline in older noncardiac surgery patients","volume":"130","author":"Mahanna-Gabrielli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-01828-9","article-title":"Association between frailty and postoperative delirium: a meta-analysis of cohort study","volume":"34","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003967","article-title":"Observational study examining the association of baseline frailty and postcardiac surgery delirium and cognitive change","volume":"129","author":"Nomura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004893","article-title":"Preoperative frailty predicts postoperative neurocognitive disorders after total hip joint replacement surgery","volume":"131","author":"Evered","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15767","article-title":"American geriatrics society 2019 updated ags beers criteria(r) for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults","volume":"67","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003300","article-title":"Benzodiazepine use and neuropsychiatric outcomes in the ICU: a systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Kok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.03.030","article-title":"Restricted versus liberal intraoperative benzodiazepine use in cardiac anaesthesia for reducing delirium (B-Free Pilot): a pilot, multicentre, randomised, cluster crossover trial","volume":"125","author":"Spence","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005482","article-title":"The perioperative medicine research g. midazolam premedication immediately before surgery is not associated with early postoperative delirium","volume":"133","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000006337","article-title":"Pro-con debate: judicious benzodiazepine administration for preoperative anxiolysis in older patients","volume":"137","author":"Mahanna-Gabrielli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13031","article-title":"Preoperative medication use and development of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction","volume":"14","author":"Heinrich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2113514","article-title":"Spinal anesthesia or general anesthesia for hip surgery in older adults","volume":"385","author":"Neuman","year":"2021","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.22005","article-title":"Effect of electroencephalography-guided anesthetic administration on postoperative delirium among older adults undergoing major surgery: the engages randomized clinical trial","volume":"321","author":"Wildes","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e3182712fba","article-title":"BIS-guided anesthesia decreases postoperative delirium and cognitive decline","volume":"25","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2018.2602","article-title":"Effect of depth of sedation in older patients undergoing hip fracture repair on postoperative delirium: the STRIDE randomized clinical trial","volume":"153","author":"Sieber","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/appy.12193","article-title":"Risk factors contributing to postoperative delirium in geriatric patients postorthopedic surgery","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asia Pac Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2010.11.024","article-title":"Increased systemic perfusion pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with less early postoperative cognitive dysfunction and delirium","volume":"40","author":"Siepe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Cardio Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181942c7a","article-title":"Neurocognitive performance in hypertensive patients after spine surgery","volume":"110","author":"Yocum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199910000-00011","article-title":"Randomized trial of hypotensive epidural anesthesia in older adults","volume":"91","author":"Williams-Russo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev256","article-title":"Intraoperative hypotension and delirium after on-pump cardiac surgery","volume":"115","author":"Wesselink","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu458","article-title":"Impact of intraoperative hypotension and blood pressure fluctuations on early postoperative delirium after non-cardiac surgery","volume":"115","author":"Hirsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R218","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10454","article-title":"Preoperative regional cerebral oxygen saturation is a predictor of postoperative delirium in on-pump cardiac surgery patients: a prospective observational trial","volume":"15","author":"Schoen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3586-y","article-title":"Regional cerebral oxygen saturation and postoperative delirium in endovascular surgery: a prospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14056","article-title":"Cerebral oximetry and postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery: a randomised, controlled trial","volume":"72","author":"Lei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01337-2","article-title":"Effects of comprehensive geriatric care models on postoperative outcomes in geriatric surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Saripella","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002149","article-title":"Improving hospital survival and reducing brain dysfunction at seven california community hospitals: implementing PAD guidelines via the ABCDEF bundle in 6,064 patients","volume":"45","author":"Barnes-Daly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14472","article-title":"The effect of dexmedetomidine on delirium and agitation in patients in intensive care: systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis","volume":"74","author":"Ng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2018.06.007","article-title":"Hospital elder life program: systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness","volume":"26","author":"Hshieh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1808217","article-title":"Haloperidol and ziprasidone for treatment of delirium in critical illness","volume":"379","author":"Girard","year":"2018","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2023.111345","article-title":"Melatonin and Ramelteon for the treatment of delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"170","author":"Beaucage-Charron","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1177\/10499091211038371","article-title":"Valproic acid in the management of delirium","volume":"39","author":"Cuartas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/08971900221128636","article-title":"Use of valproic acid for the management of delirium and agitation in the intensive care unit","volume":"37","author":"Swayngim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharm Pract"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.2606","article-title":"Effect of delirium and other major complications on outcomes after elective surgery in older adults","volume":"150","author":"Gleason","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1112923","article-title":"Cognitive trajectories after postoperative delirium","volume":"367","author":"Saczynski","year":"2012","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002253","article-title":"Cognitive decline after delirium in patients undergoing cardiac surgery","volume":"129","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aex053","article-title":"Association between delirium and cognitive change after cardiac surgery","volume":"119","author":"Sauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.03.005","article-title":"The short-term and long-term relationship between delirium and cognitive trajectory in older surgical patients","volume":"12","author":"Inouye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170288","article-title":"Delirium severity post-surgery and its relationship with long-term cognitive decline in a cohort of patients without dementia","volume":"61","author":"Vasunilashorn","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2273","article-title":"Association of delirium with long-term cognitive decline: a meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Goldberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000221272.77984.e2","article-title":"Association of neurocognitive function and quality of life 1 year after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery","volume":"68","author":"Phillips-Bute","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318195b569","article-title":"Long-term consequences of postoperative cognitive dysfunction","volume":"110","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2000.441010.x","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction 1-2 years after non-cardiac surgery in the elderly. ISPOCD group. International Study of Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction","volume":"44","author":"Abildstrom","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i92","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes466","article-title":"Is postoperative cognitive dysfunction a risk factor for dementia? a cohort follow-up study","volume":"110","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000296071.19434.1e","article-title":"Predictors of cognitive dysfunction after major noncardiac surgery","volume":"108","author":"Monk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001143","article-title":"Prevalence of dementia 7.5 years after coronary artery bypass graft surgery","volume":"125","author":"Evered","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"}],"container-title":["Medical Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025712524000646?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025712524000646?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T21:19:05Z","timestamp":1727385545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0025712524000646"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0025712524000646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7125","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Geriatric Patient","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.06.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}