{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T06:51:07Z","timestamp":1780987867723,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T14:58:01Z","timestamp":1729004281000},"page":"31-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Clinical Care"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Torres-Macho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Schutzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib1","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Cholelithiasis","author":"Tanaja","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(96)70273-1","article-title":"Ultrasonography for the initial evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma: a review of prospective trials","volume":"27","author":"Pearl","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib3","first-page":"101","article-title":"Focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST)","volume":"31","author":"Savoia","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7","DOI":"10.12788\/jhm.3095","article-title":"Recommendations on the use of ultrasound guidance for adult abdominal paracentesis: a position statement of the society of hospital medicine","volume":"14","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib5","first-page":"313","article-title":"AIUM practice guideline for the performance of the focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) examination","volume":"27","author":"Bahner","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib6","first-page":"785","article-title":"Prospective study to evaluate the influence of FAST on trauma patient management","volume":"60","author":"Ollerton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2016.11.30435","article-title":"Caudal edge of the liver in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) view is the most sensitive area for free fluid on the FAST exam","volume":"18","author":"Lobo","year":"2017","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib8","first-page":"466","article-title":"Focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST): results from an international consensus conference","volume":"46","author":"Scalea","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib9","first-page":"553","article-title":"Focused abdominal sonogram for trauma: the learning curve of nonradiologist clinicians in detecting hemoperitoneum","volume":"46","author":"Shackford","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib10","first-page":"384","article-title":"Ultrasound evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma: program implementation, initial experience, and learning curve","volume":"42","author":"Thomas","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2011.01242.x","article-title":"The technical errors of physicians learning to perform focused assessment with sonography in trauma","volume":"19","author":"Jang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2009.07.029","article-title":"The double-line sign: a false positive finding on the focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) examination","volume":"40","author":"Sierzenski","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000670","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: update and impact of new nomenclature on the American association for the study of liver diseases practice guidance on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"79","author":"Kanwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.175","article-title":"Noninvasive evaluation of NAFLD","volume":"10","author":"Castera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04724.x","article-title":"Systematic review: the epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults","volume":"34","author":"Vernon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000323","article-title":"AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"77","author":"Rinella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.222695","article-title":"Diagnosis and monitoring of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: current state and future directions","volume":"310","author":"Kadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24452","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy and reliability of ultrasonography for the detection of fatty liver: a meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Hernaez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05752-x","article-title":"Pocket-sized versus conventional ultrasound for detecting fatty infiltration of the liver","volume":"65","author":"Miles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6821","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i22.6821","article-title":"Bedside ultrasound in the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"20","author":"Khov","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2013.32.2.229","article-title":"Value of the ultrasound attenuation index for noninvasive quantitative estimation of hepatic steatosis","volume":"32","author":"Kwon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.22382","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of hepatorenal index in the detection and grading of hepatic steatosis","volume":"44","author":"Chauhan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000165669.17649.20","article-title":"Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis: a comparison of modified ultrasound and laparoscopy in 100 consecutive patients","volume":"39","author":"Weichert","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.10.019","article-title":"Diagnostic capacity of pocket-sized ultrasound devices at point of care by a non-radiologist resident in patients with suspected abdominal pathology","volume":"46","author":"L\u00f3pez Z\u00fa\u00f1iga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-016-1406-x","article-title":"Pocket ultrasound device as a complement to physical examination for ascites evaluation and guided paracentesis","volume":"11","author":"Keil-R\u00edos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v15.i11.2564","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of gallbladder and biliary diseases from 1990 to 2019","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14274","article-title":"Right upper quadrant pain: ultrasound first","volume":"36","author":"Revzin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.01.051","article-title":"Global epidemiology of gallstones in the 21st century: a systematic review and meta-Analysis","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib29","first-page":"342","article-title":"Gallstones","volume":"41","author":"Triantafyllou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.16138","article-title":"Sonographic assessment of acute versus chronic cholecystitis","volume":"42","author":"Navarro","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib31","series-title":"Ultrasound for primary care","author":"Borneman","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2021.0322","article-title":"Performance of ultrasound in the diagnosis of cholecystitis: not so (ultra)sound?","volume":"104","author":"Room","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2023.09.029","article-title":"The accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound in the detection of gallbladder disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01925.x","article-title":"What is the upper limit of normal for the common bile duct on ultrasound: how much do you want it to be?","volume":"95","author":"Bowie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2013.10.014","article-title":"Can ultrasound common bile duct diameter predict common bile duct stones in the setting of acute cholecystitis?","volume":"207","author":"Boys","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2003.12.004","article-title":"Hepatobiliary imaging and its pitfall","volume":"42","author":"Rubens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiol Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib37","series-title":"Diagnostic ultrasound","author":"Rumack","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib38","series-title":"Essential ultrasound anatomy","author":"Loukas","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib39","series-title":"Fundamentals of emergency ultrasound","author":"McGahan","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v14i1.38","article-title":"Sonographic determination of spleen to left kidney ratio among Igbo school age children of south east Nigeria","volume":"14","author":"Eze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.022376","article-title":"Ultrasound assessment of spleen size in collegiate athletes","volume":"40","author":"Hosey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15901","article-title":"Methods of ultrasound spleen morphometry","volume":"41","author":"Morozov","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2008.10.001","article-title":"Splenomegaly: investigation, diagnosis and management","volume":"23","author":"Pozo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib44","first-page":"845","article-title":"[Reference values in abdominal ultrasound: biliopancreatic system and spleen]","volume":"49","author":"Sienz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Z\u00a0Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14506","article-title":"Comparing physical examinations with sonographic versions of the same examination techniques for splenomegaly","volume":"37","author":"Cessford","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.03.032","article-title":"WFUMB position paper \u2013 incidental findings, how to manage: spleen","volume":"47","author":"Trenker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"}],"container-title":["Medical Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002571252400097X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002571252400097X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T08:04:04Z","timestamp":1756454644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002571252400097X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S002571252400097X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7125","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Clinical Care","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcna.2024.08.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}