{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T20:34:47Z","timestamp":1771274087534,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T15:26:09Z","timestamp":1748359569000},"page":"1157-1173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Barkoudah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clyde W.","family":"Yancy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.22190","article-title":"Temporal trends in heart failure incidence among Medicare beneficiaries across risk factor strata, 2011 to 2016","volume":"3","author":"Khera","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.7472","article-title":"National trends in heart failure hospitalizations and readmissions from 2010 to 2017","volume":"6","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib3","first-page":"678","article-title":"Temporal trends in the incidence of and mortality associated with heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"6","author":"Tsao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol HF"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1858","article-title":"Epidemiology of heart failure","volume":"22","author":"Groenewegen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02567-2","article-title":"Recent successes in heart failure treatment","volume":"29","author":"Lam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2115","article-title":"Universal definition and classification of heart failure","volume":"23","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2021.03.003","article-title":"Universal definition and classification of heart failure: is it universal? Does it define heart failure?","volume":"27","author":"Lam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib8","first-page":"e240","article-title":"2013 ACCF\/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task force on practice guidelines","volume":"128","author":"Yancy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib9","first-page":"e282","volume":"134","author":"Yancy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000509","volume":"136","author":"Yancy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.25.4.674","article-title":"Determination of fraction of left ventricular volume ejected per beat and of ventricular end-diastolic and residual volumes: experimental and clinical observations with a precordial dilution technic","volume":"25","author":"Folse","year":"1962","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.12.012","article-title":"2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of cardiology\/American heart association Joint committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"79","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.001","article-title":"NT-proBNP: the gold standard biomarker in heart failure","volume":"68","author":"McKie","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad195","volume":"44","author":"McDonagh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1409077","article-title":"Angiotensin\u2013neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure","volume":"371","author":"McMurray","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911303","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"381","author":"McMurray","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107038","article-title":"Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction","volume":"385","author":"Anker","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108013250502","article-title":"A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine\u2013isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure","volume":"325","author":"Cohn","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.001","article-title":"Heart rate and rhythm and the benefit of beta-blockers in patients with heart failure","volume":"69","author":"Kotecha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"9744","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61198-1","article-title":"Ivabradine and outcomes in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): a randomised placebo-controlled study","volume":"376","author":"Swedberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915928","article-title":"Vericiguat in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"382","author":"Armstrong","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2025797","article-title":"Cardiac myosin activation with omecamtiv mecarbil in systolic heart failure","volume":"384","author":"Teerlink","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10266","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32339-4","article-title":"AFFIRM-AHF investigators. Ferric carboxymaltose for iron deficiency at discharge after acute heart failure: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial","volume":"396","author":"Ponikowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2304968","article-title":"Ferric carboxymaltose in heart failure with iron deficiency","volume":"389","author":"Mentz","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/00001573-200401000-00007","article-title":"Subanalyses of secondary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator trials: antiarrhythmics versus implantable defibrillators (AVID), Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study (CIDS), and Cardiac Arrest Study Hamburg (CASH)","volume":"19","author":"Oscar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00040-5","article-title":"New primary prevention trials of sudden cardiac death in patients with left ventricular dysfunction: SCD-HEFT and MADIT-II","volume":"83","author":"Klein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib27","first-page":"179","article-title":"Survival benefit of the primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator among older patients: does age matter? An analysis of pooled data from 5 clinical trials","volume":"8","author":"Hess","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1608029","article-title":"Defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure","volume":"375","author":"K\u00f8ber","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib29","first-page":"1915","article-title":"Cardiac resynchronization therapy in ischemic versus nonischemic cardiomyopathy: patient-level meta-analysis of 7 randomized clinical trials","volume":"12","author":"Sudesh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart Fail"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.070105","article-title":"Cardiac resynchronization therapy: new perspectives","volume":"150","author":"Daubert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.06.1178","article-title":"20 years of cardiac resynchronization therapy","volume":"64","author":"Leyva","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1210356","article-title":"St. John Sutton M. Biventricular pacing for atrioventricular block and systolic dysfunction","volume":"368","author":"Curtis","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01932-0","article-title":"Long-term benefits of biventricular pacing in congestive heart failure: results from the MUltisite STimulation in cardiomyopathy (MUSTIC) study","volume":"40","author":"Linde","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2018-000937","article-title":"Outcomes of cardiac resynchronisation therapy in patients with heart failure with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"6","author":"Mustafa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jez073","article-title":"MITRA-FR vs. COAPT: lessons from two trials with diametrically opposed results","volume":"20","author":"Pibarot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1805374","article-title":"Percutaneous repair or medical treatment for secondary mitral regurgitation","volume":"379","author":"Obadia","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1806640","article-title":"Transcatheter mitral-valve repair in patients with heart failure","volume":"379","author":"Stone","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib38","first-page":"2954","article-title":"Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring in chronic heart failure: effects across clinically relevant subgroups in the MONITOR-HF trial","volume":"45","author":"Clephas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.08.010","article-title":"Pulmonary artery pressure-guided management of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"70","author":"Givertz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004646","article-title":"Trends in noncardiovascular comorbidities among patients hospitalized for heart failure: insights from the get with the guidelines\u2013heart failure registry","volume":"11","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation Heart Failure"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.12.024","article-title":"2024 ACC expert consensus decision pathway for treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee","volume":"83","author":"Maddox","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.06.002","article-title":"2024 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on clinical assessment, management, and trajectory of patients hospitalized with heart failure focused update: a report of the American College of Cardiology solution Set oversight committee","volume":"84","author":"Hollenberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.04.057","article-title":"Criteria for referral of patients with advanced heart failure for specialized palliative care","volume":"80","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4424","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124424","article-title":"Dietary management of heart failure: DASH diet and precision nutrition perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Wickman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.08.2160","article-title":"Lifestyle modifications for preventing and treating heart failure","volume":"72","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.01.030","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation for patients with heart failure: JACC expert panel","volume":"77","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812851","article-title":"Angiotensin\u2013neprilysin inhibition in acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"380","author":"Velazquez","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2030183","article-title":"Sotagliflozin in patients with diabetes and recent worsening heart failure","volume":"384","author":"Bhatt","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10367","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02076-1","article-title":"Safety, tolerability and efficacy of up-titration of guideline-directed medical therapies for acute heart failure (STRONG-HF): a multinational, open-label, randomised, trial","volume":"400","author":"Mebazaa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1498","article-title":"Initiation of sacubitril\/valsartan in haemodynamically stabilised heart failure patients in hospital or early after discharge: primary results of the randomised TRANSITION study","volume":"21","author":"Wachter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.09.031","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of beta-blockers in heart failure: findings from the OPTIMIZE-HF (organized program to initiate lifesaving treatment in hospitalized patients with heart failure) registry","volume":"53","author":"Hernandez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2007.06.727","article-title":"OPTIMIZE-HF Investigators and Coordinators. Prospective evaluation of beta-blocker use at the time of hospital discharge as a heart failure performance measure: results from OPTIMIZE-HF","volume":"13","author":"Fonarow","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2018.06.011","article-title":"Initiation, continuation, switching, and withdrawal of heart failure medical therapies during hospitalization","volume":"7","author":"Bhagat","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"}],"container-title":["Medical Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025712525000677?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025712525000677?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T01:02:56Z","timestamp":1761181376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0025712525000677"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0025712525000677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7125","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcna.2025.04.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}