{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:05:42Z","timestamp":1793408742309,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008091","name":"University of Rochester","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008091","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T20:28:36Z","timestamp":1772828916000},"page":"721-734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sleep Disorders: The Status and Clinical Significance"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Tanvi Kaur","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Mian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raissa","family":"Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7063","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04285","article-title":"Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep","volume":"437","author":"Siegel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib2","series-title":"Principles and practice of sleep medicine","first-page":"3","article-title":"Normal human sleep: an overview","author":"Carskadon","year":"1989"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.11.032","article-title":"Sleep state switching","volume":"68","author":"Saper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib4","unstructured":"Brinkman JE, Reddy V, Sharma S. Physiology of sleep. 2023. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025. PMID: 29494118."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.18782","article-title":"Incidence, persistence, and remission rates of insomnia over 5 years","volume":"3","author":"Morin","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2014.11.013","article-title":"Sleep problems in the elderly","volume":"99","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8482","article-title":"Prevalence of narcolepsy and other sleep disorders and frequency of diagnostic tests from 2013-2016 in insured patients actively seeking care","volume":"16","author":"Acquavella","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.1999.00533.x","article-title":"Demography of sleep disturbances associated with circadian rhythm disorders in Japan","volume":"53","author":"Yazaki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib9","article-title":"Circadian rhythm sleep disorders: Genetics, mechanisms, and adverse effects on health","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01140","article-title":"Prevalence of parasomnias in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. A registry-based cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Lundetr\u00e6","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.10.002","article-title":"Arousal threshold determination in 1862: Kohlsch\u00fctter\u2019s measurements on the firmness of sleep","volume":"11","author":"Basner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01797193","article-title":"\u00dcber das elektroenkephalogramm des menschen","volume":"87","author":"Berger","year":"1929","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr psychiatrie und nervenkrankheiten"},{"issue":"2111","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1126\/science.81.2111.597","article-title":"Potential rhythms of the cerebral cortex during sleep","volume":"81","author":"Loomis","year":"1935","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3062","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1126\/science.118.3062.273","article-title":"Regularly occurring periods of eye motility, and concomitant phenomena, during sleep","volume":"118","author":"Aserinsky","year":"1953","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(57)90088-3","article-title":"Cyclic variations in EEG during sleep and their relation to eye movements, body motility, and dreaming","volume":"9","author":"Dement","year":"1957","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199405000-00032","article-title":"A fall of the base of the tongue considered as a new cause of nasopharyngeal respiratory impairment: Pierre Robin sequence, a translation. 1923","volume":"93","author":"Robin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib17","first-page":"69","article-title":"Electromyographic activity of the human genioglossus muscle in response to respiration and to positional changes of the head","volume":"35","author":"Sauerland","year":"1970","journal-title":"Bull Los Angeles Neurol Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(76)90061-3","article-title":"The human tongue during sleep: electromyographic activity of the genioglossus muscle","volume":"51","author":"Sauerland","year":"1976","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-012-0145-6","article-title":"Classification of sleep disorders","volume":"9","author":"Thorpy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib20","series-title":"International classification of sleep disorders, revised: diagnostic and coding manual","author":"Thorpy","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib21","first-page":"2313","article-title":"International classification of sleep disorders\u2014third edition (ICSD-3)","volume":"281","year":"2014","journal-title":"AASM Resour Libr"},{"issue":"6315","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah4968","article-title":"Mechanisms linking circadian clocks, sleep, and neurodegeneration","volume":"354","author":"Musiek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.03.012","article-title":"Sleep biology updates: hemodynamic and autonomic control in sleep disorders","volume":"84","author":"Tamisier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolism-Clinical and Experimental"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-025-01871-w","article-title":"Sleep disorders impact hormonal regulation: unravelling the relationship among sleep disorders, hormones and metabolic diseases","volume":"17","author":"Jiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3390\/obesities5020048","article-title":"The impact of sleep deprivation on hunger-related hormones: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Gresser","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obesities"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0010062","article-title":"Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index","volume":"1","author":"Taheri","year":"2004","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.9.1145","article-title":"Elevated inflammatory markers in response to prolonged sleep restriction are associated with increased pain experience in healthy volunteers","volume":"30","author":"Haack","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.05.014","article-title":"Sleep disturbance, sleep duration, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and experimental sleep deprivation","volume":"80","author":"Irwin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0439-z","article-title":"Sleep deficiency and chronic pain: potential underlying mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"45","author":"Haack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225849","article-title":"Total sleep deprivation increases pain sensitivity, impairs conditioned pain modulation and facilitates temporal summation of pain in healthy participants","volume":"14","author":"Staffe","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0190-z","article-title":"Sleep and inflammation: partners in sickness and in health","volume":"19","author":"Irwin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S134864","article-title":"Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption","volume":"9","author":"Medic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0478-5","article-title":"Bidirectional relationship between sleep and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: role of amyloid, tau, and other factors","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2019.101250","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea, cognition and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review integrating three decades of multidisciplinary research","volume":"50","author":"Bubu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.029","article-title":"The sleep side of aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"77","author":"Romanella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2017.06.010","article-title":"Sleep disturbances increase the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70476-8","article-title":"Rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder as an early marker for a neurodegenerative disorder: a descriptive study","volume":"5","author":"Iranzo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.4563","article-title":"Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and neurodegenerative disease","volume":"72","author":"Howell","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.07.023","article-title":"Multiple system atrophy presenting as oromandibular dystonia and bruxism","volume":"156","author":"Thomas","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib40","article-title":"Sleep disorders associated with neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"13","author":"Anghel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1238950","article-title":"Editorial: endocrine consequences of sleep disorders. Editorial","volume":"14","author":"Uchima Koecklin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0939-4753(04)80051-6","article-title":"High prevalence of previously unknown subclinical hypothyroidism in obese patients referred to a sleep clinic for sleep disordered breathing","volume":"14","author":"Resta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-013-9927-9","article-title":"Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and thyroid diseases","volume":"44","author":"Mete","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112582","article-title":"The association between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome: the NHANES 2013\/2014","volume":"11","author":"Smiley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22994","article-title":"Association of musculoskeletal joint pain with obstructive sleep apnea, daytime sleepiness, and poor sleep quality in men","volume":"69","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2310-5","article-title":"Sleep problems and fatigue as predictors for the onset of chronic widespread pain over a 5- and 18-year perspective","volume":"19","author":"Aili","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.11858","article-title":"Treatment of central sleep apnea in adults: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline","volume":"21","author":"Badr","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00132-3","article-title":"Sleep: a neglected public health issue","volume":"12","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib49","first-page":"11","article-title":"Why sleep matters-the economic costs of insufficient sleep: a cross-country comparative analysis","volume":"6","author":"Hafner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rand Health Q"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9476","article-title":"Sleep is essential to health: an American Academy of sleep Medicine position statement","volume":"17","author":"Ramar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040119-094412","article-title":"Sleep health: an opportunity for public health to address health equity","volume":"41","author":"Hale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"}],"container-title":["Medical Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002571252600009X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002571252600009X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T19:22:59Z","timestamp":1785093779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002571252600009X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S002571252600009X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7125","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sleep Disorders: The Status and Clinical Significance","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcna.2026.01.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}