{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T06:33:55Z","timestamp":1788330835049,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"NIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006691","name":"Harvard Medical School","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["mcpdigitalhealth.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Digital Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T02:16:17Z","timestamp":1749435377000},"page":"100241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Development and Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence\u2013Powered Surgical Oral Examination Simulator: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3007-4812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arya S.","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1762-5069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siona","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1775-715X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"McKinley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1518-3984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc D.","family":"Succi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib1","first-page":"2544","article-title":"Introduction of structured oral examination as a novel assessment tool to first year medical students in physiology","volume":"7","author":"Shenwai","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2019.12.031","article-title":"Oral examinations in undergraduate medical education\u2014what is the \u201cvalue added\u201d to evaluation?","volume":"220","author":"Pernar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2021.11.005","article-title":"Standardized oral examinations allow for assessment of medical student clinical knowledge and decrease racial grading differences in a surgery clerkship","volume":"171","author":"Caldwell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib4","first-page":"737","article-title":"Oral examinations: actual and perceived contributions to surgery clerkship performance","volume":"97","author":"Zelenock","year":"1985","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2923.1998.00275.x","article-title":"Undergraduate surgical examinations: an appraisal of the clinical orals","volume":"32","author":"Hardy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib7","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"Deliberate practice in medical simulation","author":"Mitchell","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003388","article-title":"Racial, ethnic, and sex bias in large language model opioid recommendations for pain management","volume":"166","author":"Young","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.63878","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of a custom large language model on rare pediatric disease case reports","volume":"197","author":"Young","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-024-02058-y","article-title":"Proactive polypharmacy management using large language models: opportunities to enhance geriatric care","volume":"48","author":"Rao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/51199","article-title":"Empathy and equity: key considerations for large language model adoption in health care","volume":"9","author":"Koranteng","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Med Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/48659","article-title":"Assessing the utility of ChatGPT throughout the entire clinical workflow: development and usability study","volume":"25","author":"Rao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2023.05.003","article-title":"Evaluating GPT as an adjunct for radiologic decision making: GPT-4 versus GPT-3.5 in a breast imaging pilot","volume":"20","author":"Rao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib14","article-title":"Assessing the utility of ChatGPT throughout the entire clinical workflow","author":"Rao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Posted online February 26"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib15","article-title":"Evaluating ChatGPT as an adjunct for radiologic decision-making","author":"Rao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Posted online February 7"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib16","article-title":"Pilot study of large language models as an age-appropriate explanatory tool for chronic pediatric conditions","author":"Young","year":"2024","journal-title":"Posted online August 7"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib17","article-title":"Leveraging large language models to analyze continuous glucose monitoring data: a case study","author":"Healey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Posted online April 8"},{"issue":"7956","key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05881-4","article-title":"Foundation models for generalist medical artificial intelligence","volume":"616","author":"Moor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000604","article-title":"Performance of publicly available large language models on internal medicine board-style questions","volume":"3","author":"Tarabanis","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS Digit Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2024.110335","article-title":"Exploring the accuracy of embedded ChatGPT-4 and ChatGPT-4o in generating BI-RADS scores: a pilot study in radiologic clinical support","volume":"117","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01899-x","article-title":"MIMIC-IV, a freely accessible electronic health record dataset","volume":"10","author":"Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-014-9501-0","article-title":"How and what do medical students learn in clerkships? Experience based learning (ExBL)","volume":"19","author":"Dornan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2006.02652.x","article-title":"Experience-based learning: a model linking the processes and outcomes of medical students\u2019 workplace learning","volume":"41","author":"Dornan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.2789","article-title":"Building the AI-enabled medical school of the future","volume":"333","author":"Succi","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Digital Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949761225000483?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949761225000483?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T10:00:22Z","timestamp":1758189622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2949761225000483"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2949761225000483"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241","relation":{},"ISSN":["2949-7612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2949-7612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Development and Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence\u2013Powered Surgical Oral Examination Simulator: A Pilot Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Digital Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100241","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100241"}}