{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T21:07:04Z","timestamp":1778965624490,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81490743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81490743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31371453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31371453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81430029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81430029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81601256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81601256"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81622021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81622021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2004121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2004121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31571548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31571548"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["30928031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30928031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31471322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31471322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1904164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1904164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010950","name":"Science and Technology Department, Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201400210500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201400210500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFC2000501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC2000501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023M733236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M733236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017699","name":"Henan Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["mcponline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular &amp; Cellular Proteomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:47:58Z","timestamp":1770943678000},"page":"101525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Widespread Molecular Imprints in the Serum Proteome of COVID-19 Convalescents Uncovering Immune System Sequelae"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Kun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuyuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinchao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinli","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiguo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zujiang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing-Hua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00703-9","article-title":"A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus","volume":"22","author":"Soriano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01755-4","article-title":"1-year outcomes in hospital survivors with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"398","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01283-z","article-title":"Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Nalbandian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103817","article-title":"Association of acute kidney injury with 1-year outcome of kidney function in hospital survivors with COVID-19: a cohort study","volume":"76","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03481-2020","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary recovery after COVID-19: an observational prospective multicentre trial","volume":"57","author":"Sonnweber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32656-8","article-title":"6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study","volume":"397","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ada1333","article-title":"COVID-19 boosts risk of heart disease 1 year later","volume":"375","author":"Wadman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12603","article-title":"Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19","volume":"324","author":"Carfi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00286-1","article-title":"The long-term sequelae of COVID-19: an international consensus on research priorities for patients with pre-existing and new-onset airways disease","volume":"9","author":"Adeloye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01036-y","article-title":"COVID-19 drug discovery and treatment options","volume":"22","author":"Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323826","article-title":"Alterations in the human oral and gut microbiomes and lipidomics in COVID-19","volume":"70","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.04.003","article-title":"Immune dysregulation and autoreactivity correlate with disease severity in SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children","volume":"54","author":"Ramaswamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.032","article-title":"Proteomic and metabolomic characterization of COVID-19 patient sera","volume":"182","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202114167","article-title":"High-resolution serum proteome trajectories in COVID-19 reveal patient-specific seroconversion","volume":"13","author":"Geyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2024.119881","article-title":"Blood proteomics of COVID-19 infection: an update","volume":"562","author":"Alexovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4236","article-title":"Comprehensive identification of peptides in tandem mass spectra using an efficient open search engine","volume":"36","author":"Chi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib17","article-title":"Byonic: advanced peptide and protein identification software","volume":"Chapter 13","author":"Bern","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg2482","article-title":"Cysteine carboxyethylation generates neoantigens to induce HLA-restricted autoimmunity","volume":"379","author":"Zhai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219720005001375","article-title":"Noise-robust soft clustering of gene expression time-course data","volume":"3","author":"Futschik","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Bioinform Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-7","article-title":"GSVA: gene set variation analysis for microarray and RNA-seq data","volume":"14","author":"Hanzelmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200300744","article-title":"Unimod: protein modifications for mass spectrometry","volume":"4","author":"Creasy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0161-5890(94)90001-9","article-title":"Anatomy of the antibody molecule","volume":"31","author":"Padlan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.04.049","article-title":"Reshaping antibody diversity","volume":"153","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.09.046","article-title":"Structure and function of immunoglobulins","volume":"125","author":"Schroeder","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib25","article-title":"The role of alpha 2 macroglobulin in IgG-Aggregation and chronic activation of the complement system in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Naseraldeen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.01.014","article-title":"Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae","volume":"185","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01113-x","article-title":"Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"23","author":"Phetsouphanh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.12.040","article-title":"Complement activation induces excessive T cell cytotoxicity in severe COVID-19","volume":"185","author":"Georg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03493-4","article-title":"Multilevel proteomics reveals host perturbations by SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV","volume":"594","author":"Stukalov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3406","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23494-1","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and proteomic trajectories inform prognostication in COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care","volume":"12","author":"Gutmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adg7942","article-title":"Persistent complement dysregulation with signs of thromboinflammation in active long covid","volume":"383","author":"Cervia-Hasler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00665-1","article-title":"The state of complement in COVID-19","volume":"22","author":"Afzali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf4063","article-title":"Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection","volume":"371","author":"Dan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23977-1","article-title":"Immunological imprinting of the antibody response in COVID-19 patients","volume":"12","author":"Aydillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2021.03.015","article-title":"Discovering the landscape of protein modifications","volume":"81","author":"Keenan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5358272","article-title":"Posttranslational modifications and the immunogenicity of biotherapeutics","volume":"2016","author":"Jefferis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1298473","article-title":"Immunogenicity of biotherapeutics: causes and association with posttranslational modifications","volume":"2016","author":"Kuriakose","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.101175","article-title":"Deamidation drives molecular aging of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding motif","volume":"297","author":"Lorenzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2111815118","article-title":"Mass spectrometric identification of immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 epitopes and cognate TCRs","volume":"118","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abj0113","article-title":"Spatiotemporal invasion dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 emergence","volume":"373","author":"Kraemer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03398-2","article-title":"Antibody resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and B.1.1.7","volume":"593","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.03.036","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and P.1 escape from neutralizing antibodies","volume":"184","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Molecular &amp; Cellular Proteomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1535947626000204?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1535947626000204?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T20:16:53Z","timestamp":1778962613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1535947626000204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1535947626000204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-9476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-9476","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Widespread Molecular Imprints in the Serum Proteome of COVID-19 Convalescents Uncovering Immune System Sequelae","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular & Cellular Proteomics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcpro.2026.101525","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101525"}}