{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T14:46:45Z","timestamp":1771512405947,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.es","elsevier.es","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medicina Cl\u00ednica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T13:27:36Z","timestamp":1759930056000},"page":"107189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metformina: paradigma de pleiotropismo terap\u00e9utico (1922-2025)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"165","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0419-6771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"de Leiva Hidalgo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ferran","family":"Morell Brotad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1039\/CT9222101790","article-title":"The preparation of methyl guanidine and of \u03b2\u03b2-dimethylguanidine by the interaction of dicyanodiamide, and methylammonium and dimethylammonium chlorides respectively","volume":"121","author":"Werner","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Chem Soc Trans"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0315","first-page":"1295","article-title":"Du nouveau dans les antidiab\u00e9tiques. La NN dimethylamine guanylguanidine (N.N.D.G.)","volume":"36","author":"Sterne","year":"1957","journal-title":"Maroc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0320","first-page":"650","article-title":"Blood sugar lowering effect of 1,1-dimethylbiguanide","volume":"13","author":"Sterne","year":"1958","journal-title":"Therapie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0325","first-page":"625","article-title":"Treatment of diabetes mellitus with N, N-dimethylguanylguanidine (LA, 6023, glucophage)","volume":"14","author":"Sterne","year":"1959","journal-title":"Therapie."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0330","first-page":"599","article-title":"Report on 5 years\u2019 experience with dimethylbiguanide (Metformin, Glucophage) in diabetic therapy","volume":"113","author":"Sterne","year":"1963","journal-title":"Wien Med Wochenschr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199508313330902","article-title":"Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"333","author":"De Fronzo","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl Jx Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01918.x","article-title":"Global guideline for type 2 diabetes: Recommendations for standard, comprehensive, and minimal care","volume":"23","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabet Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0345","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO model list of essential medications [consultado 14 Abril 2020]. Disponible en: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/70640\/a95053eng,pdf?sequence=1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2017.1273769","article-title":"New insights into the antidiabetic actions of metformin: from the liver to the gut","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Gastroenterolog Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4610","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1485","article-title":"Mechanism underlying metformin-induced secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 from the intestinal cell","volume":"152","author":"Mulherin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01263443","article-title":"Biguanides","volume":"14","author":"Natrass","year":"1978","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199920060-00003","article-title":"A risk-benefit assessment of metformin in type diabetes mellitus","volume":"20","author":"Howllett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug Safety."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012512","article-title":"Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin","volume":"346","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707193","article-title":"Metformin versus insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes","volume":"358","author":"Rowan","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2017-000456","article-title":"Metformin in gestational diabetes: The offspring follow-up (MiG TOFU): body composition and metabolic outcomes at 7-9 years of age","author":"Rowan","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h102","article-title":"Glibenclamide, metformin and insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"350","author":"Balsells","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4306-3","article-title":"Metformin therapy for the reproductive and metabolic consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"60","author":"Sam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0030","article-title":"Evidence-based and potential benefits of metformin in the polycystic ovary syndrome: A comprehensive review","volume":"30","author":"Palomba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrine Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0400","series-title":"Metformin: The gold standard\/A scientific handbook. The atrium, southern gate.","first-page":"173","article-title":"Tolerability of metformin","author":"Bailey","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5763.685","article-title":"Vitamin B12 status of patients on long-term metformin therapy","volume":"2","author":"Tomkin","year":"1971","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.280.6225.1214","article-title":"Megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 malabsorption associated with long-term metformin treatment","volume":"280","author":"Callaghan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1582","article-title":"Association of biochemical B12 deficiency with metformin therapy and vitamin B12 supplements. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1990-2006","volume":"35","author":"Reinstatler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v12.i7.916","article-title":"Long-term metformin therapy and vitamin B12 deficiency: An association to bear in mind","volume":"12","author":"Infante","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Diabetes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102634","article-title":"The efficacy of vitamin B12 supplementation for treating vitamin B12 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Pratama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3304","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des264","article-title":"Metformin exposure affects human and mouse fetal testicular cells","volume":"27","author":"Tartarin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Human Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-4389","article-title":"Preconception antidiabetic drugs in man and birth defects in offspring: A nationwide cohort study","volume":"175","author":"Wensink","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.15002","article-title":"Paternal preconception metformin use and offspring risk of congenital malformations","volume":"8","author":"Huybrechts","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04828-5","article-title":"An exercise-inducible metabolite that suppresses feeding and obesity","volume":"7915","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-01018-7","article-title":"Metformin and feeding increase levels of the apetite-suppresing metabolite Lac-Phe in humans","volume":"6","author":"Scott","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Metabolism."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204317","article-title":"Association of metformin administration with gut microbiome dysbiosis in healthy volunteers","volume":"13","author":"Elbere","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLOS ONE."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112448","article-title":"Gut microbiota of patients with type 2 diabetes and gastrointestinal intolerance to metformin differs in composition and functionality from tolerant patients","volume":"145","author":"D\u00edaz-Perdigones","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0465","article-title":"Effects of metformin on the gut microbiota: A systematic review","volume":"77","author":"Petakh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18010055","article-title":"The gut microbiota-related antihyperglicemic effect of metformin","volume":"18","author":"Szymcak-Pajor","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol (Basel)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8","article-title":"Effect of intensive blood glucosa control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34)","volume":"352","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806470","article-title":"10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes","volume":"359","author":"Holman","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00537-3","article-title":"Post-trial monitoring of a randomised controlled trial of intensive glycemic control in type 2 diabetes extended from 10 years to 24 years (UKPDS 91)","volume":"404","author":"Adler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0490","article-title":"National Library of Medicine (US). Identifier NCT02915198","author":"Schwartz","year":"2016","journal-title":"VA-IMPACT: Investigation of Metformin in Pre-Diabetes on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular OuTcomes (VA-IMPACT), 201."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1159\/000481951","article-title":"Renoprotective effects of metformin","volume":"138","author":"De Broe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nephron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae477","article-title":"Renal protective effect of metformin in type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"110","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38415.708634.F7","article-title":"Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients","volume":"330","author":"Evans","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.19.6410","article-title":"Metformin and pathologic complete responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in diabetic patients with breast cancer","volume":"27","author":"Jiralerspong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00362","article-title":"Metformin kills and radiosensitizes cancer cells and preferentially kills cancer stem cells","volume":"2","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scientific Reports."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4881","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S174535","article-title":"Effects of metformin tratment on radiotherapy efficacy in patients with cancer and diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Rao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-020-03539-5","article-title":"Effect of metformin on the mortality of colorectal cancer patients with T2DM: Meta-analysis of sex differences","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2012.12.009","article-title":"Association of Metformin use with cancer incidence and mortality: A meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-0603","article-title":"Metformin abrogates age-associated ovarian fibrosis","volume":"26","author":"McCloskey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005632","article-title":"Metformin increases natural killer functions in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through CXCL1 inhibition","volume":"10","author":"Crist","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30040816","article-title":"The anti-aging mechanism of metformin: From molecular insights to clinical applications","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.08.003","article-title":"Metformin reduces all-cause mortality and diseases of ageing independent of its effect in diabetes control: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Campbell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0555","article-title":"Metformin regulates metabolic and non-metabolic pathways in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissues of folder adults","volume":"17","author":"Kulkami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Cell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111804","article-title":"Short-term exposure to a clinical 12of metformin increases skeletal muscle mitocondrial, H2O2 emission and production in healthy, older adults: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"163","author":"McKenzie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13936","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13936","article-title":"Dissuse-induced muscle fibrosis, celular senescence, and senescence associated secretory phenotype in older adults are alliviated during reambulation with metformin pre-treatment","volume":"22","author":"Petrocelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Cell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","article-title":"Fraility in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype","author":"Fried","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal Gerontol A Biol Sci Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/XCE.0000000000000159","article-title":"Developments of clinical trials to extend healthy life span","volume":"7","author":"Justice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202202-0399ST","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (an update) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis in adults. An Official ATS\/ERS\/JRS\/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"205","author":"Raghu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Resp Crit Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202207-1301LE","article-title":"Antifibrotics and reduced mortality in idiopathic pulmonar fibrosis: Immortal time bias","volume":"297","author":"Suissa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0087-6","article-title":"Metformin reverses established lung fibrosis in a bleomycin model","volume":"8","author":"Rangarajan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2414108","article-title":"Nerandomilast in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"392","author":"Richeldi","year":"2025","journal-title":"N England J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2503643","article-title":"Nerandomilast in patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"392","author":"Maher","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1159\/000489668","article-title":"Metformin does not affect clinically relevant outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"96","author":"Spagnolo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respiration."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02001-0","article-title":"Evaluation for clinical benefit of metformin in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A national claims-based cohort an\u00e1lisis","volume":"23","author":"Teague","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14020122","article-title":"The current and potential therapeutic use of Metformin \u2014The Good Old Drug","volume":"14","author":"Drzewoski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals."}],"container-title":["Medicina Cl\u00ednica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025775325004178?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0025775325004178?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T13:45:06Z","timestamp":1771508706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0025775325004178"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0025775325004178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7753"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7753","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Metformina: paradigma de pleiotropismo terap\u00e9utico (1922-2025)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medicina Cl\u00ednica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medcli.2025.107189","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107189"}}