{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:14:34Z","timestamp":1786994074857,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","meddos.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Dosimetry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T08:19:39Z","timestamp":1576829979000},"page":"e10-e15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Proton pencil beam scanning treatment with feedback based voluntary moderate breath hold"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7013-2039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shikui","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"Leach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Mangona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Charles B.","family":"Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Langen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12040","article-title":"Evaluation of motion mitigation using abdominal compression in the clinical implementation of pencil beam scanning proton therapy of liver tumours","volume":"44","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.08.023","article-title":"Feasibility of pencil beam scanned intensity modulated proton therapy in breath-hold for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"99","author":"Gorgisyan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.06.011","article-title":"Continuous positive airway pressure for motion management in stereotactic body radiation therapy to the lung: A controlled pilot study","volume":"93","author":"Goldstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.11.002","article-title":"Exploratory study of 4D versus 3D robust optimization in intensity-modulated proton therapy for lung cancer","volume":"95","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7793","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/24\/7793","article-title":"Online image guided tumour tracking with scanned proton beams: A comprehensive simulation study","volume":"59","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1118\/1.594693","article-title":"Spot scanning system for proton radiotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Kanai","year":"1980","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597522","article-title":"The 200-MeV proton therapy project at the Paul Scherrer Institute: Conceptual design and practical realization","volume":"22","author":"Pedroni","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1350587","article-title":"Intensity modulated proton therapy: A clinical example","volume":"28","author":"Lomax","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1078\/0939-3889-00217","article-title":"The clinical potential of intensity modulated proton therapy","volume":"14","author":"Lomax","year":"2004","journal-title":"Z. Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-2-24","article-title":"4D treatment planning for scanned ion beams","volume":"2","author":"Bert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"N283","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/54\/14\/N01","article-title":"Breathing interplay effects during proton beam scanning: Simulation and statistical analysis","volume":"54","author":"Seco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7257","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/56\/22\/016","article-title":"Scanned proton radiotherapy for mobile targets-the effectiveness of re-scanning in the context of different treatment planning approaches and for different motion characteristics","volume":"56","author":"Knopf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6563","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/56\/20\/003","article-title":"Dosimetric consequences of tumour motion due to respiration for a scanned proton beam","volume":"56","author":"Kraus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.05.014","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for implementing pencil-beam scanning proton therapy for thoracic malignancies on behalf of the PTCOG thoracic and lymphoma subcommittee","volume":"99","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0015","first-page":"62","article-title":"Prescribing, recording and reporting photon beam therapy (Supplement to ICRU Report 50)","author":"Landberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"ICRU"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.10.045","article-title":"4D proton treatment planning strategy for mobile lung tumours","volume":"67","author":"Kang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6079","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/58\/17\/6079","article-title":"Adequate margin definition for scanned particle therapy in the incidence of intrafractional motion","volume":"58","author":"Knopf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4916662","article-title":"Motion mitigation for lung cancer patients treated with active scanning proton therapy","volume":"42","author":"Grassberger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2016.09.011","article-title":"An evaluation of rescanning technique for liver tumour treatments using a commercial PBS proton therapy system","volume":"121","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5103","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/17\/014","article-title":"A study on repainting strategies for treating moderately moving targets with proton pencil beam scanning at the new Gantry 2 at PSI","volume":"55","author":"Zenklusen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.09.043","article-title":"Efficient interplay effect mitigation for proton pencil beam scanning by spot-adapted layered repainting evenly spread out over the full breathing cycle","volume":"100","author":"Poulsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers7030829","article-title":"Tumour movement in proton therapy: Solutions and remaining questions: a review","volume":"7","author":"Ruysscher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(99)00154-6","article-title":"Deep inspiration breath-hold technique for lung tumours: The potential value of target immobilization and reduced lung density in dose escalation","volume":"45","author":"Hanley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0024","first-page":"e51578","article-title":"Voluntary breath-hold technique for reducing heart dose in left breast radiotherapy","volume":"89","author":"Bartlett","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.07.2379","article-title":"A voluntary breath-hold treatment technique for the left breast with unfavorable cardiac anatomy using surface imaging","volume":"84","author":"Gierga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2011.618510","article-title":"Radiation during deep inspiration allows loco-regional treatment of left breast and axillary-, supraclavicular- and internal mammary lymph nodes without compromising target coverage or dose restrictions to organs at risk","volume":"51","author":"Hjelstuen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Oncologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19870915)60:6<1232::AID-CNCR2820600612>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"The effect of the respiratory cycle on mediastinal dimensions in Hodgkin 's disease","volume":"60","author":"Willett","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01592-9","article-title":"Dosimetric evaluation of lung tumour immobilization using breath hold at deep inspiration","volume":"50","author":"Barnes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(99)00056-5","article-title":"The use of active breathing control (ABC) to reduce margin for breathing motion","volume":"44","author":"Wong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00681-7","article-title":"Active breathing control (ABC) for Hodgkin's disease: Reduction in normal tissue irradiation with deep inspiration and implications for treatment","volume":"48","author":"Stromberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.04.021","article-title":"The UK HeartSpare Study: Randomized evaluation of voluntary deep-inspiratory breath-hold in women undergoing breast radiotherapy","volume":"108","author":"Bartlett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.08.011","article-title":"Implementation of feedback-guided voluntary breath-hold gating for cone beam CT-based stereotactic body radiotherapy","volume":"80","author":"Peng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0b013e31823fe481","article-title":"Six-year experience routinely utilizing moderate deep inspiration breath-hold (mDIBH) for the reduction of cardiac dose in left-sided breast irradiation for patients with early stage or locally advanced breast cancer","volume":"36","author":"Swanson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.11.015","article-title":"Robustness of the voluntary breath-hold approach for the treatment of peripheral lung tumours using hypofractionated pencil beam scanning proton therapy","volume":"95","author":"Dueck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.08.023","article-title":"Feasibility of pencil beam scanned intensity modulated proton therapy in breath-hold for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"99","author":"Gorgisyan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0036","unstructured":"RAYSTATION 6 Reference Manual Workspace Main version a281; 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3556559","article-title":"Minimax optimization for handling range and setup uncertainties in proton therapy","volume":"38","author":"Fredriksson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.01.055","article-title":"First clinical investigation of cone beam computed tomography and deformable registration for adaptive proton therapy for lung cancer","volume":"95","author":"Veiga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3693050","article-title":"Quantitative cone-beam CT imaging in radiation therapy using planning CT as a prior: First patient studies","volume":"39","author":"Niu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5771","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/19\/003","article-title":"GPU-based streaming architectures for fast cone-beam CT image reconstruction and demons deformable registration","volume":"52","author":"Sharp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.06.031","article-title":"Results of a multi-institution deformable registration accuracy study (MIDRAS)","volume":"76","author":"Brock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850410005525","article-title":"Volume adjustment of lung density by computed tomography scans in patients with emphysema","volume":"45","author":"Shaker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2161409","article-title":"Simulation of 4D-CT Images from deformable registration between inhale and exhale breath-hold CT scans","volume":"33","author":"Sarrut","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.2302\/kjm.38.454","article-title":"Measurement of lung density by computed tomography: Implication for radiotherapy","volume":"38","author":"Kohda","year":"1989","journal-title":"Keio J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(82)90587-9","article-title":"Lung density as measured by computerized tomography: Implications for radiotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Van Dyk","year":"1982","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1587631","article-title":"Reducing uncertainties in volumetric image based deformable organ registration","volume":"30","author":"Liang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4894702","article-title":"The ANACONDA algorithm for deformable image registration in radiotherapy","volume":"42","author":"Weistrand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2015.01.007","article-title":"Validation of a deformable image registration produced by a commercial treatment planning system in head and neck","volume":"31","author":"Garc\u00eda-Molla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys Medi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.05.012","article-title":"Multi-institutional validation study of commercially available deformable image registration software for thoracic images","volume":"96","author":"Noriyuki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"}],"container-title":["Medical Dosimetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0958394719301256?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0958394719301256?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T09:31:56Z","timestamp":1760693516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0958394719301256"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"alternative-id":["S0958394719301256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-3947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-3947","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Proton pencil beam scanning treatment with feedback based voluntary moderate breath hold","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Dosimetry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meddos.2019.11.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 American Association of Medical Dosimetrists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}