{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:57:54Z","timestamp":1778824674248,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","meddos.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Dosimetry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T09:39:09Z","timestamp":1606210749000},"page":"e7-e11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Investigating the utilization of beam-specific apertures for the intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) head and neck cancer plans"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Suresh","family":"Rana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Storey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noufal","family":"Manthala Padannayil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dayananda Sharma","family":"Shamurailatpam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaafar","family":"Bennouna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerry","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.04.019","article-title":"Multifield optimization intensity modulated proton therapy for head and neck tumors: A translation to practice","volume":"89","author":"Frank","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.14338\/IJPT-15-00026.1","article-title":"Improving head and neck cancer treatments using dynamic collimation in spot scanning proton therapy","volume":"2","author":"Moignier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Part Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12676","article-title":"Radiobiological and dosimetric impact of RayStation pencil beam and Monte Carlo algorithms on intensity-modulated proton therapy breast cancer plans","volume":"20","author":"Rana","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7097","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/23\/S10","article-title":"Adjustment of the lateral and longitudinal size of scanned proton beam spots using a pre-absorber to optimize penumbrae and delivery efficiency","volume":"55","author":"Titt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-019-00772-3","article-title":"Measurements of in-air spot size of pencil proton beam for various air gaps in conjunction with a range shifter on a ProteusPLUS PBS dedicated machine and comparison to the proton dose calculation algorithms","volume":"42","author":"Rana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Australas Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aab79c","article-title":"Collimated proton pencil-beam scanning for superficial targets: Impact of the order of range shifter and aperture","volume":"63","author":"B\u00e4umer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/nci259","article-title":"Therapeutic step and shoot proton beam spot-scanning with a multi-leaf collimator: A Monte Carlo study","volume":"115","author":"Bues","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiat Prot Dosimetry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4941957","article-title":"A Monte Carlo study on the collimation of pencil beam scanning proton therapy beams","volume":"43","author":"Charlwood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/10\/2829","article-title":"Monte Carlo study of the potential reduction in out-of-field dose using a patient-specific aperture in pencil beam scanning proton therapy","volume":"57","author":"Dowdell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14139","article-title":"Design of a focused collimator for proton therapy spot scanning using Monte Carlo methods","volume":"47","author":"Geoghegan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"N187","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/22\/N187","article-title":"Effects of spot size and spot spacing on lateral penumbra reduction when using a dynamic collimation system for spot scanning proton therapy","volume":"59","author":"Hyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/ab0953","article-title":"Parametric characterization of penumbra reduction for aperture-collimated pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy","volume":"5","author":"Maes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Phys Eng Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.12.368","article-title":"Impact of spot size and beam-shaping devices on the treatment plan quality for pencil beam scanning proton therapy","volume":"95","author":"Moteabbed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/53\/6\/016","article-title":"Comparison between the lateral penumbra of a collimated double-scattered beam and uncollimated scanning beam in proton radiotherapy","volume":"53","author":"Safai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6999","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4935528","article-title":"A patient-specific aperture system with an energy absorber for spot scanning proton beams: Verification for clinical application","volume":"42","author":"Yasui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/1\/12","article-title":"Assessing the radiation-induced second cancer risk in proton therapy for pediatric brain tumors: The impact of employing a patient-specific aperture in pencil beam scanning","volume":"61","author":"Geng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4818283","article-title":"Measurements of lateral penumbra for uniform scanning proton beams under various beam delivery conditions and comparison to the XiO treatment planning system","volume":"40","author":"Rana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-020-00927-7","article-title":"Investigating beam matching for multi-room pencil beam scanning proton therapy","volume":"43","author":"Rana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12556","article-title":"Development and long-term stability of a comprehensive daily QA program for a modern pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy delivery system","volume":"20","author":"Rana","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5043","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/17\/5043","article-title":"Dosimetric evaluation of hybrid brass\/stainless-steel apertures for proton therapy","volume":"59","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.02.035","article-title":"Robustness recipes for minimax robust optimization in intensity modulated proton therapy for oropharyngeal cancer patients","volume":"95","author":"van der Voort","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"N109","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/7\/N109","article-title":"A method to select aperture margin in collimated spot scanning proton therapy","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0b013e3182a2a725","article-title":"Radiation Safety considerations in proton aperture disposal","volume":"106","author":"Walker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Phys"}],"container-title":["Medical Dosimetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0958394720301552?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0958394720301552?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T09:31:35Z","timestamp":1760693495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0958394720301552"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"alternative-id":["S0958394720301552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0958-3947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0958-3947","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Investigating the utilization of beam-specific apertures for the intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) head and neck cancer plans","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Dosimetry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.10.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 American Association of Medical Dosimetrists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}