{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:38:44Z","timestamp":1780385924352,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01HD060585"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD060585"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med. Eng. Phys."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2020.07.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T22:02:25Z","timestamp":1595887345000},"page":"75-83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Modeling the mechanics of elevated vacuum systems in prosthetic sockets"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Robert T","family":"Youngblood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian J","family":"Hafner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M","family":"Czerniecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob T","family":"Brzostowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katheryn J","family":"Allyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan E","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849073","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/849073","type":"other","article-title":"Review of the socket design and interface pressure measurement for transtibial prosthesis","volume":"2014","author":"Pirouzi","year":"2014"},{"key":"bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364611431625","type":"other","article-title":"Pistoning assessment in lower limb prosthetic sockets","volume":"36","author":"Eshraghi","year":"2012"},{"key":"bib0003","first-page":"1","type":"other","article-title":"Interface shear stresses during ambulation with a below-knee prosthetic limb","volume":"29","author":"Sanders","year":"1992"},{"key":"bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.671885","type":"other","article-title":"Developing consensus on important factors associated with lower limb prosthetic prescription and use","volume":"34","author":"Schaffalitzky","year":"2012"},{"key":"bib0005","first-page":"293","type":"other","article-title":"Lower-limb amputee needs assessment using multistakeholder focus-group approach","volume":"46","author":"Klute","year":"2009"},{"key":"bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2010.09.0189","type":"other","article-title":"Residual limb volume change: systematic review of measurement and management","volume":"48","author":"Sanders","year":"2011"},{"key":"bib0007","first-page":"153","type":"other","article-title":"Prosthetic problems of transtibial amputee","volume":"23","author":"Ahmad","year":"2011"},{"key":"bib0008","first-page":"1321","type":"other","article-title":"Transtibial prosthetic suspension: less pistoning versus easy donning and doffing","volume":"49","author":"Gholizadeh","year":"2012"},{"key":"bib0009","type":"other"},{"key":"bib0010","first-page":"1","type":"other","article-title":"Vacuum suspension and its effects on the limb","volume":"4","author":"Street","year":"2007"},{"key":"bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1080\/03093640108726603","type":"other","article-title":"A comparison of trans\u2010tibial amputee suction and vacuum socket conditions","volume":"25","author":"Board","year":"2001"},{"key":"bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.05.019","type":"other","article-title":"Vacuum-Assisted Socket Suspension Compared With Pin Suspension for Lower Extremity Amputees: Effect on Fit, Activity, and Limb Volume","volume":"92","author":"Klute","year":"2011"},{"key":"bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364615605372","type":"other","article-title":"Axial bone-socket displacement for persons with a traumatic transtibial amputation: The effect of elevated vacuum suspension at progressive body-weight loads","volume":"40","author":"Darter","year":"2016"},{"key":"bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/JPO.0000000000000077","type":"other","article-title":"Dynamic effectiveness evaluation of elevated vacuum suspension","volume":"27","author":"Gerschutz","year":"2015"},{"key":"bib0015","first-page":"1231","type":"other","article-title":"Effects of elevated vacuum on in-socket residual limb fluid volume: case study results using bioimpedance analysis","volume":"48","author":"Sanders","year":"2011"},{"key":"bib0016","first-page":"107","type":"other","article-title":"Walking in a vacuum-assisted socket shifts the stump fluid balance","volume":"27","author":"Goswami","year":"2003"},{"key":"bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2015.07.0145","type":"other","article-title":"Elevated vacuum suspension preserves residual-limb skin health in people with lower-limb amputation: Randomized clinical trial","volume":"53","author":"Rink","year":"2016"},{"key":"bib0018","first-page":"613","type":"other","article-title":"Residual limb wounds or ulcers heal in transtibial amputees using an active suction socket system","volume":"48","author":"Traballesi","year":"2012"},{"key":"bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/JPO.0b013e318217e5f7","type":"other","article-title":"Use of a partial foot prosthesis with vacuum-assisted suspension: a case study","volume":"23","author":"Arndt","year":"2011"},{"key":"bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2016.06.005","type":"other","article-title":"The evidence-base for elevated vacuum in lower limb prosthetics: Literature review and professional feedback","volume":"37","author":"Gholizadeh","year":"2016"},{"key":"bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/JPO.0b013e3182173b83","type":"other","article-title":"Outcomes study of transtibial amputees using elevated vacuum suspension in comparison with pin suspension","volume":"23","author":"Ferraro","year":"2011"},{"key":"bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1097\/JPO.0b013e3182346975","type":"other","article-title":"Using Elevated Vacuum to Improve Functional Outcomes: A Case Report","volume":"23","author":"Sutton","year":"2011"},{"key":"bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364611430535","type":"other","article-title":"A case series featuring extremely short below-knee stumps","volume":"36","author":"Carvalho","year":"2012"},{"key":"bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364614546927","type":"other","article-title":"The benefits of using a vacuum-assisted socket system to improve balance and gait in elderly transtibial amputees","volume":"40","author":"Samitier","year":"2016"},{"key":"bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13298","type":"other","article-title":"Blistering time as a parameter for the strength of dermoepidermal adhesion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"172","author":"Hatje","year":"2015"},{"key":"bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2000.00050.x","type":"other","article-title":"Suction Blister induction time: 15 minutes or 150 minutes","volume":"26","author":"Gupta","year":"2000"},{"key":"bib0027","article-title":"Technical notes on elevated vacuum suspension: amputee patient outcomes evaluating patient verbal opinion and pressure data","author":"Gerschutz","year":"2011","type":"other"},{"key":"bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.02.008","type":"other","article-title":"Vacuum level effects on gait characteristics for unilateral transtibial amputees with elevated vacuum suspension","volume":"43","author":"Xu","year":"2017"},{"key":"bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2017.11.006","type":"other","article-title":"Instrumented socket inserts for sensing interaction at the limb-socket interface","volume":"51","author":"Swanson","year":"2018"},{"key":"bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18113840","type":"other","article-title":"An inductive sensing system to measure in-socket residual limb displacements for people using lower-limb prostheses","volume":"18:3840","author":"Henrikson","year":"2018"},{"key":"bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364619864771","type":"other","article-title":"How do transtibial residual limbs adjust to intermittent incremental socket volume changes?","volume":"43","author":"Larsen","year":"2019"},{"key":"bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JPO.0000000000000286","type":"other","article-title":"Performance of a sensor to monitor socket fit: comparison with practitioner clinical assessment","author":"Larsen","year":"2020"},{"key":"bib0033","first-page":"162","type":"other","article-title":"Volume fluctuations in the residual limbs of lower limb amputees","volume":"63","author":"Fernie","year":"1982"},{"key":"bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2017.03.003","type":"other","article-title":"Effects of socket size on metrics of socket fit in trans-tibial prosthesis users","volume":"44","author":"Sanders","year":"2017"},{"key":"bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364616661256","type":"other","article-title":"Elastomeric liners for people with transtibial amputation: survey of prosthetists\u2019 clinical practices","volume":"41","author":"Hafner","year":"2017"},{"key":"bib0036","first-page":"187","type":"other","article-title":"Characterization of prosthetic liner products for people with transtibial amputation","volume":"30","author":"Cagle","year":"2018"},{"key":"bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4035917","type":"other","article-title":"Development of standardized material testing protocols for prosthetic liners","volume":"139","author":"Cagle","year":"2017"},{"key":"bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364611431290","type":"other","article-title":"Amputee socks: how does sock ply relate to sock thickness?","volume":"36","author":"Sanders","year":"2012"},{"key":"bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2008.00302.x","type":"other","article-title":"Influence of age and regional differences on skin elasticity as measured by the Cutometer\u00ae","volume":"14","author":"Ryu","year":"2008"},{"key":"bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2012.11.0204","type":"other","article-title":"Methods for characterization of mechanical and electrical prosthetic vacuum pumps","volume":"50","author":"Komolafe","year":"2013"},{"key":"bib43","type":"other","article-title":"Thin magnetically permeable targets for inductive sensing: Application to limb prosthetics","volume":"19:4041","author":"Weathersby","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Medical Engineering &amp; Physics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S135045332030117X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S135045332030117X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1016\/j.medengphy.2020.07.019","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1016\/j.medengphy.2020.07.019\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1016\/j.medengphy.2020.07.019\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1016\/j.medengphy.2020.07.019\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T14:57:23Z","timestamp":1769093843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1016\/j.medengphy.2020.07.019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medengphy.2020.07.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-4533","1873-4030"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-4533","type":"print"},{"value":"1873-4030","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Modeling the mechanics of elevated vacuum systems in prosthetic sockets","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Engineering & Physics","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2020-05-19","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2020-07-24","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2020-07-28","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}