{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:36:00Z","timestamp":1791999360145,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018625","name":"Science and Technology Innovation Plan Of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19DZ2203600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19DZ2203600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Shanghai Municipality Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med. Eng. Phys."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2023.103960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T20:43:03Z","timestamp":1676580183000},"page":"103960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Sensors and algorithms for locomotion intention detection of lower limb exoskeletons"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3864-3998","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Duojin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8454-9943","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongliu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib0001","first-page":"526","type":"other","article-title":"Design of decision tree structure with improved BPNN nodes for high-accuracy locomotion mode recognition using a single IMU","volume":"21","author":"Han","year":"2021"},{"key":"bib0002","first-page":"1350","type":"other","article-title":"Improving fall detection using an on-wrist wearable accelerometer","volume":"18","author":"Khojasteh","year":"2018"},{"key":"bib0003","first-page":"906","type":"other","article-title":"Improved determination of dynamic balance using the centre of mass and centre of pressure inclination variables in a complete golf swing cycle","volume":"34","author":"Choi","year":"2016"},{"key":"bib0004","first-page":"547","type":"other","article-title":"Relationship between balance ability, training and sports injury risk","volume":"37","author":"Hrysomallis","year":"2007"},{"key":"bib0005","first-page":"367","type":"other","article-title":"Defining a fall and reasons for falling: comparisons among the views of seniors, health care providers, and the research literature","volume":"46","author":"Zecevic","year":"2006"},{"key":"bib0006","first-page":"103812","type":"other","article-title":"Evaluation of human standing balance using wearable inertial sensors: a machine learning approach","volume":"94","author":"Lattanzi","year":"2020"},{"key":"bib0007","first-page":"70","type":"other","article-title":"Postural transitions detection and characterization in healthy and patient populations using a single waist sensor","volume":"17","author":"Atrsaei","year":"2020"},{"key":"bib0008","first-page":"38","type":"other","article-title":"Evaluation of the Tinetti score and fall risk assessment via accelerometry-based movement analysis","volume":"95","author":"Rivolta","year":"2019"},{"key":"bib0009","first-page":"57105","type":"other","article-title":"Logic-enhanced adaptive network-based fuzzy classifier for fall recognition in rehabilitation","volume":"8","author":"Gao","year":"2020"},{"key":"bib0010","first-page":"218","type":"other","article-title":"A wearable device to support the pull test for postural instability assessment in parkinson's disease","volume":"67","author":"Ando","year":"2018"},{"key":"bib0011","first-page":"812","author":"Hu","year":"2020","type":"other"},{"key":"bib0012","first-page":"58","type":"other","article-title":"Real-time classification of patients with balance disorders vs. normal subjects using a low-cost small wireless wearable gait sensor","volume":"6","author":"Nukala","year":"2016"},{"key":"bib0013","first-page":"321","type":"other","article-title":"Identifying balance impairments in people with Parkinson's disease using video and wearable sensors","volume":"62","author":"Stack","year":"2018"},{"key":"bib0014","first-page":"5837","author":"Aziz","year":"2012","type":"other"},{"key":"bib0015","first-page":"e12809","type":"other","article-title":"Information collection system for fall detection of stroke patients under cascade algorithm in the context of multi-modal information fusion and e-health","author":"Lv","year":"2021"},{"key":"bib0016","first-page":"163","author":"Turkeli","year":"2017","type":"other"},{"key":"bib0017","first-page":"420","type":"other","article-title":"Sensor-based fall risk assessment - an expert 'to go","volume":"50","author":"Marschollek","year":"2011"},{"key":"bib0018","first-page":"27","type":"other","article-title":"Multi-sensor system for detection and classification of human activities","volume":"4","author":"Ugolotti","year":"2013"},{"key":"bib0019","first-page":"1889","type":"other","article-title":"AnkFall-falls, falling risks and daily-life activities dataset with an ankle-placed accelerometer and training using recurrent neural networks","volume":"21","author":"Luna-Perejon","year":"2021"},{"key":"bib0020","first-page":"125","type":"other","article-title":"Manual physical balance assistance of therapists during gait training of stroke survivors: characteristics and predicting the timing","volume":"14","author":"Haarman","year":"2017"},{"key":"bib0021","first-page":"6640","type":"other","article-title":"An On-node processing approach for anomaly detection in gait","volume":"15","author":"Cola","year":"2015"},{"key":"bib0022","first-page":"17","type":"other","article-title":"Gaits classification of normal vs. patients by wireless gait sensor and support vector machine (SVM) classifier","volume":"5","author":"Nakano","year":"2017"},{"key":"bib0023","first-page":"135","type":"other","article-title":"Determining the optimal features in freezing of gait detection through a single waist accelerometer in home environments","volume":"105","author":"Sama","year":"2018"},{"key":"bib0024","type":"other","article-title":"Foreseeing future falls with accelerometer features in active community-dwelling older persons with no recent history of falls","volume":"143","author":"Bet","year":"2021"},{"key":"bib0025","first-page":"16349","type":"other","article-title":"Application of wearable inertial sensors and a new test battery for distinguishing retrospective fallers from non-fallers among community-dwelling older people","volume":"8","author":"Qiu","year":"2018"},{"key":"bib0026","first-page":"692865","type":"other","article-title":"A large-scale open motion dataset (KFall) and benchmark algorithms for detecting pre-impact fall of the elderly using wearable inertial sensors","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2021"},{"key":"bib0027","first-page":"596","type":"other","article-title":"IoT-based information system for healthcare application: design methodology approach","volume":"7","author":"Dziak","year":"2017"},{"key":"bib0028","first-page":"7628","type":"other","article-title":"Wearable IMU-based human activity recognition algorithm for clinical balance assessment Using 1D-CNN and GRU ensemble model","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2021"},{"key":"bib0029","first-page":"2974","type":"other","article-title":"Single inertial sensor-based neural networks to estimate COM-COP inclination angle during walking","volume":"19","author":"Choi","year":"2019"},{"key":"bib0030","first-page":"1399","type":"other","article-title":"Inertial sensor-based slip detection in human walking","volume":"16","author":"Trkov","year":"2019"},{"key":"bib0031","first-page":"3713","type":"other","article-title":"Pre-impact detection algorithm to identify tripping events using wearable sensors","volume":"19","author":"Aprigliano","year":"2019"},{"key":"bib0032","first-page":"1824","type":"other","article-title":"Wearables and deep learning classify fall risk from gait in multiple sclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Meyer","year":"2021"},{"key":"bib0033","first-page":"478","type":"other","article-title":"Automated detection of multidirectional compensatory balance reactions: a step towards tracking naturally occurring near falls","volume":"28","author":"Nouredanesh","year":"2020"},{"key":"bib0034","first-page":"29","type":"other","article-title":"Differentiation of patients with balance insufficiency (Vestibular Hypofunction) versus normal subjects using a low-cost small wireless wearable gait sensor","volume":"9","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019"},{"key":"bib0035","first-page":"10676","type":"other","article-title":"Classifying step and spin turns using wireless gyroscopes and implications for fall risk assessments","volume":"15","author":"Fino","year":"2015"},{"key":"bib0036","first-page":"3986","type":"other","article-title":"A novel activity recognition system for alternative control strategies of a lower limb rehabilitation robot","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2019"},{"key":"bib0037","first-page":"1099","type":"other","article-title":"Digital biomarkers of mobility in parkinson's disease during daily living","volume":"10","author":"Shah","year":"2020"},{"key":"bib0038","first-page":"95","type":"other","article-title":"Supervised machine learning scheme for electromyography-based pre-fall detection system","volume":"100","author":"Rescio","year":"2018"},{"key":"bib0039","first-page":"362","type":"other","article-title":"Lower limb kinematics trajectory prediction using long short-term memory neural networks","volume":"8","author":"Zaroug","year":"2020"},{"key":"bib0040","first-page":"e0255597","type":"other","article-title":"Prediction of gait trajectories based on the long short term memory neural networks","volume":"16","author":"Zaroug","year":"2021"},{"key":"bib0041","first-page":"76741","type":"other","article-title":"Walking assist robot: a novel non-contact abnormal gait recognition approach based on extended set membership filter","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2019"},{"key":"bib0042","first-page":"670","type":"other","article-title":"An analysis of the accuracy of wearable sensors for classifying the causes of falls in humans","volume":"19","author":"Aziz","year":"2011"},{"key":"bib0043","first-page":"1915","type":"other","article-title":"Depth-based human fall detection via shape features and improved extreme learning machine","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2014"},{"key":"bib0044","first-page":"146","type":"other","article-title":"Deep learning approach for human action recognition in infrared images","volume":"50","author":"Akula","year":"2018"},{"key":"bib0045","first-page":"33","type":"other","article-title":"Toward Kinecting cognition by behaviour recognition-based deep learning and big data","volume":"21","author":"Soufian","year":"2020"},{"key":"bib0046","first-page":"634","type":"other","article-title":"Methods for gait analysis during obstacle avoidance task","volume":"48","author":"Patashov","year":"2020"},{"key":"bib0047","first-page":"19","type":"other","article-title":"Autoregressive-moving-average hidden Markov model for vision-based fall prediction-An application for walker robot","volume":"29","author":"Taghvaei","year":"2017"},{"key":"bib0048","first-page":"280","type":"other","article-title":"Efficient and robust skeleton-based quality assessment and abnormality detection in human action performance","volume":"24","author":"Elkholy","year":"2020"},{"key":"bib0049","first-page":"71","type":"other","article-title":"Fast and automatic assessment of fall risk by coupling machine learning algorithms with a depth camera to monitor simple balance tasks","volume":"16","author":"Dubois","year":"2019"},{"key":"bib0050","type":"other","article-title":"Effects of exoskeletal gait assistance on the recovery motion following tripping","volume":"15","author":"Akiyama","year":"2020"},{"key":"bib0051","first-page":"2430","author":"Aprigliano","year":"2019","type":"other"},{"key":"bib0052","first-page":"416","type":"other","article-title":"Detecting slipping-like perturbations by using adaptive oscillators","volume":"43","author":"Tropea","year":"2015"},{"key":"bib0053","first-page":"628050","type":"other","article-title":"Continuous classification of locomotion in response to task complexity and anticipatory state","volume":"9","author":"Kazemimoghadam","year":"2021"},{"key":"bib0054","first-page":"147","type":"other","article-title":"Validation of static and dynamic balance assessment using microsoft kinect for young and elderly populations","volume":"22","author":"Eltoukhy","year":"2018"},{"key":"bib0055","first-page":"3759","type":"other","article-title":"Vision-assisted autonomous lower-limb exoskeleton robot","volume":"51","author":"Liu","year":"2021"},{"key":"bib0056","first-page":"189","type":"other","article-title":"Automated detection and classification of construction workers' loss of balance events using wearable insole pressure sensors","volume":"96","author":"Antwi-Afari","year":"2018"},{"key":"bib0057","first-page":"654","type":"other","article-title":"Activity and safety recognition using smart work shoes for construction worksite","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2020"},{"key":"bib0058","type":"other","article-title":"Smartwatches can detect walker and cane use in older adults","volume":"3","author":"Antos","year":"2019"},{"key":"bib0059","type":"other","article-title":"Nonlinear predictive threshold model for real-time abnormal gait detection","volume":"2018","author":"Hemmatpour","year":"2018"},{"key":"bib0060","type":"other","article-title":"Differences in trunk accelerometry between frail and nonfrail elderly persons in sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transitions based on a mobile inertial sensor","volume":"1","author":"Galan-Mercant","year":"2013"},{"key":"bib0061","type":"other","article-title":"The use of smartphone in measuring stance and gait patterns in patients with orthostatic tremor","volume":"14","author":"Chien","year":"2019"},{"key":"bib0062","type":"other","article-title":"Automated fall risk assessment of elderly using wearable devices","volume":"7","author":"Haescher","year":"2020"},{"key":"bib0063","first-page":"5373","type":"other","article-title":"Detection of gait abnormalities for fall risk assessment using wrist-worn inertial sensors and deep learning","volume":"20","author":"Kiprijanovska","year":"2020"},{"key":"bib0064","first-page":"567","type":"other","article-title":"Towards design of a stumble detection system for artificial legs","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2011"},{"key":"bib0065","first-page":"1954","type":"other","article-title":"Sock-type wearable sensor for estimating lower leg muscle activity using distal EMG signals","volume":"19","author":"Isezaki","year":"2019"},{"key":"bib0066","first-page":"811","type":"other","article-title":"The role of attentional focus on walking efficiency among older fallers and non-fallers","volume":"48","author":"Mak","year":"2019"},{"key":"bib0067","first-page":"1602","type":"other","article-title":"Wavelet-based sit-to-stand detection and assessment of fall risk in older people using a wearable pendant device","volume":"64","author":"Ejupi","year":"2017"},{"key":"bib0068","first-page":"1929","type":"other","article-title":"A low-power fall detector balancing sensitivity and false alarm rate","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2018"},{"key":"bib0069","first-page":"7581","author":"Stroiescu","year":"2011","type":"other"},{"key":"bib0070","first-page":"1830","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","type":"other"},{"key":"bib0071","type":"other"},{"key":"bib0072","type":"other","article-title":"Analysis of a smartphone-based architecture with multiple mobility sensors for fall detection","volume":"11","author":"Casilari","year":"2016"},{"key":"bib0073","first-page":"198","type":"other","article-title":"A fall and movement dataset","volume":"17","author":"Angela","year":"2017"},{"key":"bib0074","first-page":"6511","type":"other","article-title":"A class-imbalanced deep learning fall detection algorithm using wearable sensors","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2021"},{"key":"bib0075","first-page":"1918","type":"other","article-title":"Using temporal covariance of motion and geometric features via boosting for human fall detection","volume":"18","author":"Ali","year":"2018"},{"key":"bib0076","first-page":"883","type":"other","article-title":"A smartphone-based fall detection system","volume":"8","author":"Abbate","year":"2012"},{"key":"bib0077","first-page":"2243","type":"other","article-title":"Automatic recognition of falls in gait-slip training: harness load cell based criteria","volume":"44","author":"Yang","year":"2011"},{"key":"bib0078","first-page":"346","type":"other","article-title":"Toward a passive low-cost in-home gait assessment system for older adults","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2013"},{"key":"bib0079","first-page":"175","type":"other","article-title":"An introduction to kernel and nearest-neighbor nonparametric regression","volume":"46","author":"Altman","year":"1992"},{"key":"bib0080","first-page":"14","type":"other","article-title":"Classification and regression trees","volume":"1","author":"Loh","year":"2011"},{"key":"bib0081","first-page":"5","type":"other","article-title":"Random forests","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001"},{"key":"bib0082","first-page":"1","author":"Hsu","year":"2003","type":"other"},{"key":"bib0083","author":"Hawkins","year":"2004","type":"other"},{"key":"bib0084","first-page":"9101","type":"other","article-title":"Human fall detection using slow feature analysis","volume":"78","author":"Fan","year":"2019"},{"key":"bib0085","first-page":"1","type":"other","article-title":"Device free human activity and fall recognition using WiFi channel state information (CSI)","volume":"2","author":"Damodaran","year":"2020"},{"key":"bib0086","type":"other","article-title":"Application of machine learning in postural control kinematics for the diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"2016","author":"Costa","year":"2016"},{"key":"bib0087","first-page":"53","type":"other","article-title":"Validity of using wearable inertial sensors for assessing the dynamics of standing balance","volume":"77","author":"Noamani","year":"2020"},{"key":"bib0088","first-page":"6199","author":"Shirota","year":"2014","type":"other"},{"key":"bib0089","type":"other","article-title":"Exoskeleton robot control for synchronous walking assistance in repetitive manual handling works based on dual unscented Kalman filter","volume":"13","author":"Sado","year":"2018"},{"key":"bib0090","first-page":"1713","type":"other","article-title":"Automated detection of gait initiation and termination using wearable sensors","volume":"35","author":"Novak","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Medical Engineering & Physics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1350453323000127?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1350453323000127?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1016\/j.medengphy.2023.103960","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1016\/j.medengphy.2023.103960\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1016\/j.medengphy.2023.103960\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1016\/j.medengphy.2023.103960\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T14:57:30Z","timestamp":1769093850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1016\/j.medengphy.2023.103960"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medengphy.2023.103960","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-4533","1873-4030"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-4533","type":"print"},{"value":"1873-4030","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Sensors and algorithms for locomotion intention detection of lower limb exoskeletons","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Engineering & Physics","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2022-07-27","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2023-02-15","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2023-02-17","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}