{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:13:16Z","timestamp":1791288796990,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]],"date-time":"2023-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201908340078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201908340078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Image Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,21]],"date-time":"2023-05-21T09:46:47Z","timestamp":1684662407000},"page":"102848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["MUTE: A multilevel-stimulated denoising strategy for single cataractous retinal image dehazing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3115-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4054-1402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashwin","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5605-740X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carroll A.B.","family":"Webers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8101-939X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tos T.J.M.","family":"Berendschot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1057-6","article-title":"The impact of age-related cataracts on colour perception, postoperative recovery and related spectra derived from test of hue perception","volume":"19","author":"Ao","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.7.000022","article-title":"Wavefront-shaping-based correction of optically simulated cataracts","volume":"7","author":"Arias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Optica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.12.002358","article-title":"Double-pass measurements of the retinal-image quality with unequal entrance and exit pupil sizes and the reversibility of the eye's optical system","volume":"12","author":"Artal","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.12.000195","article-title":"Odd aberrations and double-pass measurements of retinal image quality","volume":"12","author":"Artal","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(02)00060-5","article-title":"Fundus reflectance\u2014Historical and present ideas","volume":"22","author":"Berendschot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0001","unstructured":"cataract dataset. https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/datasets\/jr2ngb\/cataractdataset."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0010","article-title":"Enhancement of blurry retinal image based on non-uniform contrast stretching and intensity transfer","volume":"59","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2021.102933","article-title":"Detail-richest-channel based enhancement for retinal image and beyond","volume":"69","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2019.107445","article-title":"Retinal image enhancement using low-pass filtering and \u03b1-rooting","volume":"170","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0013","first-page":"55","article-title":"A self-adaptive matched filter for retinal blood vessel detection","volume":"26","author":"Chakraborti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.09.002","article-title":"Retinal vascular fractal dimension is associated with cognitive dysfunction","volume":"23","author":"Cheung","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0015","unstructured":"Choi, L.K., You, J., Bovik, A.C., 2015a. LIVE Image Defogging Database."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3888","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2015.2456502","article-title":"Referenceless prediction of perceptual fog density and perceptual image defogging","volume":"24","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0017","first-page":"273","article-title":"Fractal dimension as a new tool to analyze optic nerve head vasculature in primary open angle glaucoma","volume":"29","author":"Ciancaglini","year":"2015","journal-title":"In Vivo (Brooklyn)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0002","unstructured":"DIARETDB0 - Standard Diabetic Retinopathy Database."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0003","unstructured":"DIARETDB1 - Standard Diabetic Retinopathy Database Calibration level 1. http:\/\/www2.it.lut.fi\/project\/imageret\/diaretdb1\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5075612","article-title":"Retinal fundus image enhancement using the normalized convolution and noise removing","volume":"2016","author":"Dai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biomed. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0019","article-title":"Feedback on a publicly distributed database: the Messidor database. 2014 33, 4%J Image Analysis &amp","author":"Decenci\u00e8re","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stereology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d7d8b4","article-title":"Fractal analysis of retinal vessels suggests that a distinct vasculopathy causes lacunar stroke","volume":"74","author":"Doubal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0021","series-title":"Multiscale Vessel Enhancement filtering, International conference On Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention","first-page":"130","author":"Frangi","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0022","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"8212","article-title":"On the duality between retinex and image dehazing","author":"Galdran","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0023","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition","article-title":"Enhancement of retinal fundus images via pixel color amplication","author":"Gaudio","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1007\/s11045-019-00630-1","article-title":"Color retinal image enhancement using luminosity and quantile based contrast enhancement","volume":"30","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Multidimens. Syst. Signal. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2020.107798","article-title":"Single image dehazing via atmospheric scattering model-based image fusion","volume":"178","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1109\/42.845178","article-title":"Locating blood vessels in retinal images by piece-wise threhsold probing of a matched filter response","volume":"19","author":"Hoover","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6259047","article-title":"Reliability of using retinal vascular fractal dimension as a biomarker in the diabetic retinopathy detection","volume":"2016","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1996.0060","article-title":"Fast Noise Variance Estimation","volume":"64","author":"Immerk\u00e6r","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Understand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3104","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2957852","article-title":"IDGCP: image dehazing based on gamma correction prior","volume":"29","author":"Ju","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0031","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations","article-title":"Adam: a method for stochastic optimization","author":"Kingma","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01774261","article-title":"Luftlicht und sichtweite","volume":"26","author":"Koschmieder","year":"1938","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0033","series-title":"Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention \u2013 MICCAI 2022","first-page":"487","article-title":"Structure-consistent restoration network for cataract fundus image enhancement","author":"Li","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2022.3147854","article-title":"An annotation-free restoration network for cataractous fundus images","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2020.2999077","article-title":"Dehaze of cataractous retinal images using an unpaired generative adversarial network","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4327","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2596761","article-title":"Retinal fundus image analysis for diagnosis of glaucoma: a comprehensive survey","volume":"4","author":"Mary","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, K., Sun, J., Tang, X., 2009. Single image haze removal using dark channel prior, 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Miami, FL, 2009, pp. 1956-1963.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206515"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0037","unstructured":"McCartney, E.J., 1976. Optics of the Atmosphere: scattering by molecules and particles. New york, 408."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2018.01.001","article-title":"Enhancement and restoration of non-uniform illuminated Fundus Image of Retina obtained through thin layer of cataract","volume":"156","author":"Mitra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mujbaile D., and Rojatkar D., 2020. Model based Dehazing Algorithms for Hazy Image Restoration \u2013 A Review, 2nd International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications (ICIMIA), Bangalore, India, 2020, pp. 142-148.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIMIA48430.2020.9074839"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.2015.2469915","article-title":"Human-visual-system-inspired underwater image quality measures","volume":"41","author":"Panetta","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE J. Ocean. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1109\/42.41493","article-title":"Restoration of retinal images obtained through cataracts","volume":"8","author":"Peli","year":"1989","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0042","series-title":"proceedings of the Conference on colour in graphics, imaging, and vision","first-page":"187","article-title":"A proposal for contrast measure in digital images","author":"Rizzi","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(92)90242-F","article-title":"Nonlinear total variation based noise removal algorithms","volume":"60","author":"Rudin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Physica D"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0044","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE 30th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems","article-title":"Illumination correction by dehazing for retinal vessel segmentation","author":"Savelli","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28239","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09421-4","article-title":"An efficient single image haze removal algorithm for computer vision applications","volume":"79","author":"Saxena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0046","first-page":"113","article-title":"A review on haze removal techniques","author":"Senthilkumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Aided Intervent. Diagnostics Clinic. Med. Images"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2013.226","article-title":"Association of leptin and insulin with childhood obesity and retinal vessel diameters","volume":"38","author":"Siegrist","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0048","article-title":"A comprehensive review of computational dehazing techniques","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Comput. Methods. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2004.825627","article-title":"Ridge-based vessel segmentation in color images of the retina","volume":"23","author":"Staal","year":"2004","journal-title":"EEE Trans. Med. Imagin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0004","unstructured":"STructured Analysis of the Retina. https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/~ahoover\/stare\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2018.12.004","article-title":"Gaussian field estimator with manifold regularization for retinal image registration","volume":"157","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Signal Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.104116","article-title":"Retinal fundus image enhancement with image decomposition and visual adaptation","volume":"128","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2017.2728822","article-title":"Single image dehazing based on the physical model and MSRCR algorithm","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2017.02.026","article-title":"An enhancement method for color retinal images based on image formation model","volume":"143","author":"Xiong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0053","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia conference","first-page":"1","article-title":"Image smoothing via L 0 gradient minimization","author":"Xu","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2022.108968","article-title":"Retinal image enhancement with artifact reduction and structure retention","volume":"133","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0000000000000261","article-title":"Retinal Imaging for Neurological Diseases: A Window into the Brain","volume":"59","author":"Zafar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0056","series-title":"VipIMAGE 2017","first-page":"811","article-title":"Analysis of retinal vascular biomarkers for early detection of diabetes","author":"Zhang","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2021.108400","article-title":"A double-pass fundus reflection model for efficient single retinal image enhancement","volume":"192","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2017.2700627","article-title":"Color retinal image enhancement based on luminosity and contrast adjustment","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0059","article-title":"The relationship of retinal vessel diameters and fractal dimensions with blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2015.2446191","article-title":"A fast single image haze removal algorithm using color attenuation prior","volume":"24","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."}],"container-title":["Medical Image Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1361841523001081?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1361841523001081?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T18:55:52Z","timestamp":1761245752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1361841523001081"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S1361841523001081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848","relation":{},"ISSN":["1361-8415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1361-8415","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"MUTE: A multilevel-stimulated denoising strategy for single cataractous retinal image dehazing","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Image Analysis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2023.102848","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102848"}}