{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T12:55:56Z","timestamp":1793969756734,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Image Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T17:10:14Z","timestamp":1721236214000},"page":"103276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Generating synthetic computed tomography for radiotherapy: SynthRAD2023 challenge report"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7406-9241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evi M.C.","family":"Huijben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten L.","family":"Terpstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur Jr.","family":"Galapon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suraj","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Thummerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Koopmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manya","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"van Eijnatten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Gurney-Champion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiyi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanpu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9368-797X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haowen","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuyang","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuxin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingna","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juhyung","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong","family":"Sung Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Alain-Beaudoin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvain","family":"B\u00e9riault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengxin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanyao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gengwan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueru","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubo","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Nicolson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lujia","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustav","family":"M\u00fcller-Franzes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firas","family":"Khader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"H\u00e9mon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Boussot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaobin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derk","family":"Mus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bram","family":"Kooiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea A.H.","family":"Sargeant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward G.A.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Karimzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bulat","family":"Ibragimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Helfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Dafflon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enpei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoltan","family":"Perko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0347-3375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Maspero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.11.037","article-title":"Dosimetric impact of MRI distortions: A study on head and neck cancers","volume":"103","author":"Adjeiwaah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b2","article-title":"Making on-line adaptive radiotherapy possible using artificial intelligence and machine learning for efficient daily re-planning","volume":"8","author":"Archambault","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Phys. Intl. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpor.2019.02.001","article-title":"Validation of dose distribution computation on sCT images generated from MRI scans by Philips MRCAT","volume":"24","author":"Bratova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rep. Pract. Oncol. Radiother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b4","series-title":"Monai: An open-source framework for deep learning in healthcare","author":"Cardoso","year":"2022"},{"issue":"10295","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00233-6","article-title":"Contemporary radiotherapy: present and future","volume":"398","author":"Chandra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b6","series-title":"2021 29th European Signal Processing Conference","first-page":"940","article-title":"ShuffleUNet: Super resolution of diffusion-weighted MRIs using deep learning","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b7","series-title":"2023 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging","first-page":"1","article-title":"GLFA-NET: A hybrid network for Mr-To-Ct synthesis via global and local feature aggregation","author":"Chen","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b8","series-title":"MRI only radiotherapy planning using the transfer function estimation algorithm","author":"Cronholm","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b9","article-title":"Deep learning based synthesis of MRI, CT and PET: Review and analysis","author":"Dayarathna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b10","series-title":"An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale","author":"Dosovitskiy","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-016-0747-y","article-title":"A review of substitute CT generation for MRI-only radiation therapy","volume":"12","author":"Edmund","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5359","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3238104","article-title":"IMRT commissioning: multiple institution planning and dosimetry comparisons, a report from AAPM task group 119","volume":"36","author":"Ezzell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28008","article-title":"Deep learning\u2013based MR-to-CT synthesis: the influence of varying gradient echo\u2013based MR images as input channels","volume":"83","author":"Florkow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b14","series-title":"Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention \u2013 MICCAI 2019","first-page":"328","article-title":"Stereo-correlation and noise-distribution aware ResVoxGAN for dense slices reconstruction and noise reduction in thick low-dose CT","author":"Ge","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b15","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","article-title":"Generative Adversarial Nets","volume":"Vol. 27","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2014"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2011.04.003","article-title":"State of the art on dose prescription, reporting and recording in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (ICRU report no. 83)","volume":"15","author":"Gr\u00e9goire","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer\/Radioth\u00e9r."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.08.034","article-title":"NRG oncology updated international consensus atlas on pelvic lymph node volumes for intact and postoperative prostate cancer","volume":"109","author":"Hall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b18","series-title":"International MICCAI Brainlesion Workshop","first-page":"272","article-title":"Swin UNETR: Swin Transformers for Semantic Segmentation of Brain Tumors in MRI Images","author":"Hatamizadeh","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, K., Chen, X., Xie, S., Li, Y., Doll\u00e1r, P., Girshick, R., 2022. Masked autoencoders are scalable vision learners. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR, pp. 16000\u201316009.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01553"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b20","series-title":"Denoising diffusion probabilistic models","author":"Ho","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b21","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","author":"Holm","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scand. J. Stat."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-020-01008-z","article-title":"nnU-net: a self-configuring method for deep learning-based biomedical image segmentation","volume":"18","author":"Isensee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Isola, P., Zhu, J.-Y., Zhou, T., Efros, A.A., 2017. Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR, pp. 1125\u20131134.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.632"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b24","series-title":"Computer Vision\u2013ECCV 2016: 14th European Conference, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, October 11-14, 2016, Proceedings, Part II 14","first-page":"694","article-title":"Perceptual losses for real-time style transfer and super-resolution","author":"Johnson","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/30.1-2.81","article-title":"A new measure of rank correlation","volume":"30","author":"Kendall","year":"1938","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aacb65","article-title":"Geometric and dosimetric evaluations of atlas-based segmentation methods of MR images in the head and neck region","volume":"63","author":"Kieselmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b27","series-title":"MR-Only Simulation for Radiotherapy Planning \u2013 Whitepaper: Philips MRCAT for Prostate Dose Calculations Using Only MRI Data","author":"K\u00f6hler","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-9-16","article-title":"A criterion for the reliable use of MRI-only radiotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Korsholm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.12659\/PJR.892628","article-title":"Artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"80","author":"Krupa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Polish J. Radiol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R349","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/21\/R349","article-title":"MR guidance in radiotherapy","volume":"59","author":"Lagendijk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.05.001","article-title":"Radiation dose constraints for organs at risk in neuro-oncology; the European particle therapy network consensus","volume":"128","author":"Lambrecht","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, J., Cao, J., Sun, G., Zhang, K., Van Gool, L., Timofte, R., 2021. SwinIR: Image Restoration Using Swin Transformer. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision. pp. 1833\u20131844.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW54120.2021.00210"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Hu, H., Lin, Y., Yao, Z., Xie, Z., Wei, Y., Ning, J., Cao, Y., Zhang, Z., Dong, L., Wei, F., Guo, B., 2022. Swin transformer v2: Scaling up capacity and resolution. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. pp. 12009\u201312019.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01170"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Lin, Y., Cao, Y., Hu, H., Wei, Y., Zhang, Z., Lin, S., Guo, B., 2021. Swin transformer: Hierarchical vision transformer using shifted windows. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision. pp. 10012\u201310022.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00986"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-023-02340-2","article-title":"Review of cone beam computed tomography based online adaptive radiotherapy: Current trend and future direction","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598248","article-title":"A technique for the quantitative evaluation of dose distributions","volume":"25","author":"Low","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177730491","article-title":"On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other","volume":"18","author":"Mann","year":"1947","journal-title":"Ann. Math. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mao, X., Li, Q., Xie, H., Lau, R.Y., Wang, Z., Paul Smolley, S., 2017. Least squares generative adversarial networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. pp. 2794\u20132802.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.304"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.09.029","article-title":"Deep learning-based synthetic CT generation for paediatric brain MR-only photon and proton radiotherapy","volume":"153","author":"Maspero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9159","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa9677","article-title":"Feasibility of MR-only proton dose calculations for prostate cancer radiotherapy using a commercial pseudo-CT generation method","volume":"62","author":"Maspero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1188\/13.CJON.412-417","article-title":"The rationale for fractionation in radiotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Mitchell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. J. Oncol. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b42","series-title":"Spectral normalization for generative adversarial networks","author":"Miyato","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.05.046","article-title":"Adaptive radiotherapy for prostate cancer using kilovoltage cone-beam computed tomography: First clinical results","volume":"70","author":"Nijkamp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2023.102642","article-title":"Exploring contrast generalisation in deep learning-based brain MRI-to-CT synthesis","volume":"112","author":"Nijskens","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Medica"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4135","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13716","article-title":"Synthetic CT reconstruction using a deep spatial pyramid convolutional framework for MR-only breast radiotherapy","volume":"46","author":"Olberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1177\/1533034617735454","article-title":"MRI-related geometric distortions in stereotactic radiotherapy treatment planning: Evaluation and dosimetric impact","volume":"16","author":"Pappas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Technol. Cancer Res. Treat."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14010","article-title":"Implementation of the structural similarity (SSIM) index as a quantitative evaluation tool for dose distribution error detection","volume":"47","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b48","series-title":"Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention \u2013 MICCAI 2015","first-page":"234","article-title":"U-Net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation","author":"Ronneberger","year":"2015"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R323","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/22\/R323","article-title":"Radiotherapy planning using MRI","volume":"60","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2161407","article-title":"Assessing the effect of electron density in photon dose calculations","volume":"33","author":"Seco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6537","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15150","article-title":"Deep learning based synthetic-CT generation in radiotherapy and PET: a review","volume":"48","author":"Spadea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.06.2535","article-title":"Deep convolution neural network (DCNN) multiplane approach to synthetic CT generation from MR images\u2014Application in brain proton therapy","volume":"105","author":"Spadea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.2307\/1412159","article-title":"The proof and measurement of association between two things","volume":"15","author":"Spearman","year":"1904","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b54","series-title":"How to train your vit? data, augmentation, and regularization in vision transformers","author":"Steiner","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-022-02732-x","article-title":"Double U-net CycleGAN for 3D MR to CT image synthesis","volume":"18","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b56","series-title":"2018 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence","article-title":"Improving deep learning with generic data augmentation","author":"Taylor","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b57","article-title":"Computed tomography synthesis from magnetic resonance imaging using cycle generative adversarial networks with multicenter learning","volume":"28","author":"Texier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Imaging Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b58","series-title":"SynthRAD2023 challenge design: Synthesizing computed tomography for radiotherapy","author":"Thummerer","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4664","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16529","article-title":"SynthRAD2023 grand challenge dataset: Generating synthetic CT for radiotherapy","volume":"50","author":"Thummerer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b60","unstructured":"van Stralen, M., van der Kolk, B.Y.M., Zijlstra, F., Florkow, M.C., Oost, E., Slotman, J., van Osch, J.A.C., Podlogar, M., Hendrikse, J., de Jong, P., Castelein, R.M., Viergever, M.A., Maas, M., Boomsma, M.F., Seevinck, P.R., 2019. BoneMRI of the cervical spine: Deep learning-based radiodensity contrast generation for selective visualization of osseous structures. In: ISMRM 27th Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.09.008","article-title":"Overview of artificial intelligence-based applications in radiotherapy: Recommendations for implementation and quality assurance","volume":"153","author":"Vandewinckele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b62","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","article-title":"Attention is All you Need","volume":"Vol. 30","author":"Vaswani","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82017-6","article-title":"Methods and open-source toolkit for analyzing and visualizing challenge results","volume":"11","author":"Wiesenfarth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12251","article-title":"Development of the open-source dose calculation and optimization toolkit matRad","volume":"44","author":"Wieser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.2307\/3001968","article-title":"Individual comparisons by ranking methods","volume":"1","author":"Wilcoxon","year":"1945","journal-title":"Biom. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b66","series-title":"GPViT: A high resolution non-hierarchical vision transformer with group propagation","author":"Yang","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2018.2802944","article-title":"Road extraction by deep residual U-net","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b68","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multi-scale tokens-aware transformer network for multi-region and multi-sequence MR-to-CT synthesis in a single model","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b69","first-page":"3","article-title":"Unet++: A nested u-net architecture for medical image segmentation","author":"Zhou","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276_b70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, J.-Y., Park, T., Isola, P., Efros, A.A., 2017. Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. ICCV.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.244"}],"container-title":["Medical Image Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1361841524002019?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1361841524002019?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T20:49:07Z","timestamp":1739479747000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1361841524002019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["S1361841524002019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276","relation":{},"ISSN":["1361-8415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1361-8415","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Generating synthetic computed tomography for radiotherapy: SynthRAD2023 challenge report","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Image Analysis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2024.103276","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103276"}}