{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T10:37:40Z","timestamp":1781606260620,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]],"date-time":"2017-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.es","elsevier.es","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medicina Intensiva"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]],"date-time":"2017-02-02T22:31:23Z","timestamp":1486074683000},"page":"237-247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Actualizaci\u00f3n en lesi\u00f3n medular aguda postraum\u00e1tica. Parte 1"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Galeiras V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.E.","family":"Ferreiro Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Mourelo Fari\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Montoto Marqu\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Salvador de la Barrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.33.3.01","article-title":"The economic burden of traumatic spinal cord injury in Canada","volume":"33","author":"Krueger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chronic Dis Inj Can."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2012.158","article-title":"The global map for traumatic spinal cord injury epidemiology: Update 2011, global incidence rate","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.08.027","article-title":"Incidence of nontraumatic spinal cord injury: A Spanish cohort study (1972-2008)","volume":"93","author":"Van den Berg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2011.12.004","article-title":"Incidence trends of traumatic spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury in Spain, 2000-2009","volume":"46","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.114409","article-title":"Can an out-of-hospital cervical spine clearance protocol identify all patients with injuries? An argument for selective immobilization","volume":"37","author":"Stroh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2013-203207","article-title":"Pre-hospital spinal immobilisation: an initial consensus statement","volume":"30","author":"Connor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Med J."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318276edb1","article-title":"Prehospital cervical spinal immobilization after trauma","volume":"72","author":"Theodore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181f550a6","article-title":"The incidence of noncontiguous spinal fractures and other traumatic injuries associated with cervical spine fractures: A 10-year experience at an academic medical center","volume":"36","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0460","first-page":"CD002803","article-title":"Spinal immobilisation for trauma patients","volume":"2","author":"Kwan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.12.032","article-title":"Should suspected cervical spinal cord injury be immobilised? A systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Oteir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicinesede web Washington. Paralyzed Veterans of America. 2008. Early acute management in adults with spinal cord injury: a clinical practice guideline for healthcare professionals. 403-479 [consultado Sep 2016]. Disponible en: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2582434\/pdf\/i1079-0268-31-4-408.pdf","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2008.11760744"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181c9ee58","article-title":"Spine immobilization in penetrating trauma: More harm than good?","volume":"68","author":"Haut","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2005.02.004","article-title":"Prospective performance assessment of an out-of-hospital protocol for selective spine immobilization using clinical spine clearance criteria","volume":"46","author":"Domeier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200007133430203","article-title":"Validity of a set of clinical criteria to rule out injury to the cervical spine in patients with blunt trauma. National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study Group","volume":"343","author":"Hoffman","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.15.1841","article-title":"The Canadian C-spine rule for radiography in alert and stable trauma patients","volume":"286","author":"Stiell","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-016-0267-7","article-title":"Development of a new Emergency Medicine Spinal Immobilization Protocol for trauma patients and a test of applicability by German emergency care providers","volume":"24","author":"Kreinest","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-227X-11-1","article-title":"Evaluation of the safety of C-spine clearance by paramedics: Design and methodology","volume":"11","author":"Vaillancourt","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1997.tb03588.x","article-title":"Prospective validation of out-of-hospital spinal clearance criteria: A preliminary report","volume":"4","author":"Domeier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000224214.72945.c4","article-title":"A statewide, prehospital emergency medical service selective patient spine immobilization protocol","volume":"61","author":"Burton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s12245-009-0082-2","article-title":"Efficacy and compliance of a prehospital spinal immobilization guideline","volume":"2","author":"Myers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0520","unstructured":"NICE.org.Uk. sede web. Londres. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 2016. Spinal Injury: assessment and initial management [1-23] [consultado Sep 2016]. Disponible en: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng41\/resources\/spinal-injury-assessment-and-initial-management-1837447790533"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2014-204553","article-title":"Confirmation of suboptimal protocols in spinal immobilisation?","volume":"32","author":"Dixon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3109\/10903127.2014.884197","article-title":"EMS spinal precautions and the use of the long backboard \u2014 resource document to the position statement of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma","volume":"18","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1168","article-title":"Pre-hospital care management of a potential spinal cord injured patient: A systematic review of the literature and evidence-based guidelines","volume":"28","author":"Ahn","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(02)00037-0","article-title":"The position of the spine in the recovery position \u2014 an experimental comparison between the lateral recovery position and the modified HAINES position","volume":"53","author":"Blake","year":"2002","journal-title":"Resuscitation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.20.5.476","article-title":"Comparison of a long spinal board and vacuum mattress for spinal immobilisation","volume":"20","author":"Luscombe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Med J."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318276edc5","article-title":"Transportation of patients with acute traumatic cervical spine injuries","volume":"72","author":"Theodore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0555","series-title":"Spinal Cord Medicine","first-page":"106","article-title":"Acute medical and surgical management of spinal cord injury","author":"Heary","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480306901014","article-title":"Intubation after cervical spinal cord injury: To be done selectively or routinely?","volume":"69","author":"Velmahos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev205","article-title":"Alternative intubation techniques vs Macintosh laryngoscopy in patients with cervical spine immobilization: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"116","author":"Suppan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1995.99","article-title":"Pulmonary function testing in spinal cord injury: Correlation with vital capacity","volume":"33","author":"Roth","year":"1995","journal-title":"Paraplegia."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199707000-00002","article-title":"Ventilatory function in cervical and high thoracic spinal cord injury. Relationship to level of injury and tone","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2008.11760737","article-title":"Early acute management in adults with spinal cord injury: A clinical practice guideline for health-care providers. Who should read it?","volume":"31","author":"Wing","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199312000-00008","article-title":"Hemodynamic parameters in patients with acute cervical cord trauma: Description, intervention, and prediction of outcome","volume":"33","author":"Levi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosurgery."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1997.87.2.0239","article-title":"Combined medical and surgical treatment after acute spinal cord injury: Results of a prospective pilot study to assess the merits of aggressive medical resuscitation and blood pressure management","volume":"87","author":"Vale","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2009.150","article-title":"A systematic review of the evidence supporting a role for vasopressor support in acute SCI","volume":"48","author":"Ploumis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000133577.25793.E5","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: Endpoints of resuscitation","volume":"57","author":"Tisherman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0605","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161043476474","article-title":"Cardiovascular control after spinal cord injury","volume":"2","author":"Gondim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Vasc Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medin.2015.10.003","article-title":"Use of enteral salbutamol in spinal shock","volume":"40","author":"Llompart-Pou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Intensiva."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000074655.76321.D7","article-title":"Effects of spinal cord lesion level upon thermoregulation during exercise in the heat","volume":"35","author":"Price","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0620","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1179\/204577211X13207446293695","article-title":"International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011)","volume":"34","author":"Kirshblum","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1954.11.6.0546","article-title":"The syndrome of acute central cervical spinal cord injury; with special reference to the mechanisms involved in hyperextension injuries of cervical spine","volume":"11","author":"Schneider","year":"1954","journal-title":"J Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-20-06-336","article-title":"The spine-injured patient: Initial assessment and emergency treatment","volume":"20","author":"Schouten","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0635","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181ae583b","article-title":"Practice management guidelines for identification of cervical spine injuries following trauma: Update from the eastern association for the surgery of trauma practice management guidelines committee","volume":"67","author":"Como","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0640","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000162149.89139.FF","article-title":"Spiral computed tomography for the diagnosis of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine fractures: Its time has come","volume":"58","author":"Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.164.3.3615885","article-title":"Acute spinal cord injury: MR imaging at 1.5 T","volume":"164","author":"Kulkarni","year":"1987","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2433060583","article-title":"Acute cervical traumatic spinal cord injury: MR imaging findings correlated with neurologic outcome \u2014 prospective study with 100 consecutive patients","volume":"243","author":"Miyanji","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1152","article-title":"Assessment of impairment in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Furlan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0660","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2015.9.5.748","article-title":"Evaluation of traumatic spine by magnetic resonance imaging and correlation with neurological recovery","volume":"9","author":"Magu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0665","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101216","article-title":"Epidemiology of extraspinal fractures associated with acute spinal cord injury","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0670","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-9-137","article-title":"Prevalence of associated injuries of spinal trauma and their effect on medical utilization among hospitalized adult subjects \u2014 a nationwide data-based study","volume":"9","author":"Chu","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0675","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1310\/sci1901-1","article-title":"Causes of spinal cord injury","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0680","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa052049","article-title":"A national evaluation of the effect of trauma-center care on mortality","volume":"354","author":"MacKenzie","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0685","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2009.07.024","article-title":"Emergency medical services intervals and survival in trauma: Assessment of the golden hour in a North American prospective cohort","volume":"55","author":"Newgard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0690","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1258\/0007142991902754","article-title":"Co-morbid factors in trauma patients","volume":"55","author":"Wardle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br Med Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1433","article-title":"Diagnostic value of the Glasgow Coma Scale for traumatic brain injury in 18,002 patients with severe multiple injuries","volume":"28","author":"Grote","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0700","first-page":"136","article-title":"Outcome of blunt abdominal traumas with stable hemodynamic and positive FAST Findings","volume":"4","author":"Behboodi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg (Tehran)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0705","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.11.023","article-title":"Do we really rely on fast for decision-making in the management of blunt abdominal trauma?","volume":"46","author":"Carter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198612000-00034","article-title":"The management of tibial fractures in acute spinal cord injury patients","volume":"213","author":"Garland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0715","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1177\/1708538114560458","article-title":"Endovascular treatment of distal thoracic aortic transection associated with severe thoracolumbar spinal fracture","volume":"23","author":"Chock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vascular."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0720","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e3180cab162","article-title":"Vertebral artery injuries associated with cervical spine injuries: A review of the literature","volume":"21","author":"Fassett","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech."},{"issue":"Suppl 2A","key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0725","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(05)81206-1","article-title":"Injury severity scoring: Perspectives in development and future directions","volume":"165","author":"Osler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2015.08.007","article-title":"Early predictors of functional outcome after trauma","volume":"8","author":"Nemunaitis","year":"2016","journal-title":"PM R."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0735","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e105606","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105606","article-title":"Predicting early mortality in adult trauma patients admitted to three public university hospitals in urban India: A prospective multicentre cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Gerdin","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0740","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182ab0763","article-title":"Predictors of mortality in geriatric trauma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Hashmi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197403000-00001","article-title":"The injury severity score: A method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care","volume":"14","author":"Baker","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0750","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199005000-00003","article-title":"A new characterization of injury severity","volume":"30","author":"Champion","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2011.05.022","article-title":"Comparison of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scoring system, and Trauma and Injury Severity Score method for predicting the outcomes of intensive care unit trauma patients","volume":"30","author":"Hwang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0760","first-page":"294","article-title":"Analysis of the risk factors for early death in acute severe traumatic cervical spinal cord injury","volume":"25","author":"Leng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0765","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-010-9359-9","article-title":"Risk factors for organ dysfunction and failure in patients with acute traumatic cervical spinal cord injury","volume":"13","author":"Stein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0770","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540440031029","volume":"277","author":"Bracken","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0775","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005173222001","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal-cord injury. Results of the Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study","volume":"322","author":"Bracken","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0780","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0750-7658(98)80058-0","article-title":"Medical treatment of spinal cord injury in the acute stage","volume":"17","author":"Petitjean","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Fr Anesth Reanim."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0785","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827765c6","article-title":"Pharmacological therapy for acute spinal cord injury","volume":"72","author":"Hurlbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0790","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4499","article-title":"Methylprednisolone for the treatment of patients with acute spinal cord injuries: Response","volume":"33","author":"Evaniew","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0795","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2007.12.005","article-title":"Early complications of high-dose methylprednisolone in acute spinal cord injury patients","volume":"39","author":"Suberviola","year":"2008","journal-title":"Injury."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0800","series-title":"Revisi\u00f3n de la utilizaci\u00f3n de esteroides en la lesi\u00f3n medular aguda","author":"Barrera","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0805","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2016.05.003","article-title":"An approach to personalized cell therapy in chronic complete paraplegia: The Puerta de Hierro phase I\/II clinical trial","volume":"18","author":"Vaquero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytotherapy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0810","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2014.12.007","article-title":"Translating mechanisms of neuroprotection, regeneration, and repair to treatment of spinal cord injury","volume":"218","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2015-0381","article-title":"Concise review: Bridging the gap: Novel neuroregenerative and neuroprotective strategies in spinal cord injury","volume":"5","author":"Ahuja","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0820","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.09.079","article-title":"The role of therapeutic hypothermia after traumatic spinal cord injury \u2014 a systematic review","volume":"86","author":"Alkabie","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0825","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000367557.77973.5F","article-title":"Clinical outcomes using modest intravascular hypothermia after acute cervical spinal cord injury","volume":"66","author":"Levi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurgery."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002_bib0830","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.121206","article-title":"Emerging therapies for acute traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"185","author":"Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"CMAJ."}],"container-title":["Medicina Intensiva"],"original-title":[],"language":"es","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S021056911630239X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S021056911630239X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T01:54:37Z","timestamp":1692669277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S021056911630239X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S021056911630239X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0210-5691"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0210-5691","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Actualizaci\u00f3n en lesi\u00f3n medular aguda postraum\u00e1tica. Parte 1","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medicina Intensiva","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medin.2016.11.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U. y SEMICYUC. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}