{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T03:34:03Z","timestamp":1761881643944,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.es","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medicina Intensiva (English Edition)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T10:37:15Z","timestamp":1707475035000},"page":"60-71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"S1","title":["Estrategia integral de reanimaci\u00f3n del paciente con sepsis y shock s\u00e9ptico"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"del R\u00edo-Carbajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Nieto-del Olmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ugidos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Vidal-Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010307","article-title":"Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"345","author":"Rivers","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-004-2210-z","article-title":"Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"30","author":"Dellinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0934-2","article-title":"Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008","volume":"34","author":"Dellinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2769-8","article-title":"Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock, 2012","volume":"39","author":"Dellinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404380","article-title":"Goal-directed resuscitation for patients with early septic shock","volume":"371","author":"ARISE Investigators","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1401602","article-title":"A randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock","volume":"370","author":"ProCESS Investigators","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500896","article-title":"Trial of early, goal-directed resuscitation for septic shock","volume":"372","author":"Mouncey","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3822-1","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of early goal-directed therapy for septic shock: The ARISE ProCESS and ProMISe Investigators","volume":"41","author":"Angus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1701380","article-title":"Early goal-directed therapy for septic shock \u2014A patient-level meta-analysis","volume":"376","author":"PRISM Investigators","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med. 08 de"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4683-6","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: International guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016","volume":"43","author":"Rhodes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06506-y","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: International guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021","volume":"47","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000723","article-title":"Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Association between performance metrics and outcomes in a 7.5-year study","volume":"43","author":"Levy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.9021","article-title":"Association between state-mandated protocolized sepsis care and in-hospital mortality among adults with sepsis","volume":"322","author":"Kahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0695","first-page":"00271","article-title":"An international survey of adherence to Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines 2016 regarding fluid resuscitation and vasopressors in the initial management of septic shock","volume":"S0883\u20139441","author":"Bitton","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Crit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5085-0","article-title":"The surviving sepsis campaign bundle: 2018 update","volume":"44","author":"Levy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix997","article-title":"IDSA Sepsis Task Force. Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Position Statement: Why IDSA did not endorse the surviving sepsis campaign guidelines","volume":"66","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa059","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America Position Paper: Recommended Revisions to the National Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Early Management Bundle (SEP-1) Sepsis Quality Measure","volume":"72","author":"Rhee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1086\/650580","article-title":"Etiology of illness in patients with severe sepsis admitted to the hospital from the emergency department","volume":"50","author":"Heffner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-1035-1","article-title":"Likelihood of infection in patients with presumed sepsis at the time of intensive care unit admission: a cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Klein Klouwenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.5603\/AIT.2014.0060","article-title":"Fluid overload, de-resuscitation, and outcomes in critically ill or injured patients: A systematic review with suggestions for clinical practice","volume":"46","author":"Malbrain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.6.1644","article-title":"Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP\/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians\/Society of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"101","author":"Bone","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1662-x","article-title":"2001 SCCM\/ESICM\/ACCP\/ATS\/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference","volume":"29","author":"Levy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066611402463","article-title":"Fever in the critically ill: A review of epidemiology, immunology, and management","volume":"27","author":"Niven","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520260039030","article-title":"The natural history of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). A prospective study","volume":"273","author":"Rangel-Frausto","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1415236","article-title":"Systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria in defining severe sepsis","volume":"372","author":"Kaukonen","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1733899","article-title":"Evidence for the Application of Sepsis Bundles in 2021","volume":"42","author":"Plata-Menchaca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-021-00369-9","article-title":"Research Committee of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign. The surviving sepsis campaign: fluid resuscitation and vasopressor therapy research priorities in adult patients","volume":"9","author":"Lat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5415-2","article-title":"Fluid administration for acute circulatory dysfunction using basic monitoring: Narrative review and expert panel recommendations from an ESICM task force","volume":"45","author":"Cecconi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002574","article-title":"Patterns and outcomes associated with timeliness of initial crystalloid resuscitation in a prospective sepsis and septic shock cohort","volume":"45","author":"Leisman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002834","article-title":"Predictors prevalence, and outcomes of early crystalloid responsiveness among initially hypotensive patients with sepsis and septic shock","volume":"46","author":"Leisman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.10.078","article-title":"Sepsis, the administration of IV fluids, and respiratory failure: A retrospective analysis-saifr Study","volume":"159","author":"Jagan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.09.029","article-title":"Association between volume of fluid resuscitation and intubation in high-risk patients with sepsis, heart failure, end-stage renal disease, and cirrhosis","volume":"157","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medin.2011.04.005","article-title":"[Assessment of cardiovascular preload and response to volume expansion]","volume":"36","author":"Sabatier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Intensiva."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3850-x","article-title":"Fluid challenges in intensive care: The FENICE study: A global inception cohort study","volume":"41","author":"Cecconi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03813-0","article-title":"Equilibrating SSC guidelines with individualized care","volume":"25","author":"Vincent","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1711584","article-title":"Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Critically Ill Adults","volume":"378","author":"Semler","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201903-0557OC","article-title":"Balanced crystalloids versus saline in sepsis: A secondary analysis of the SMART Trial","volume":"200","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med [Internet]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2114464","article-title":"Balanced multielectrolyte solution versus saline in critically ill adults","volume":"386","author":"Finfer","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.11444","article-title":"Effect of slower vs faster intravenous fluid bolus rates on mortality in critically ill patients: The BaSICS Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"326","author":"Zampieri","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2100010","article-title":"Balanced crystalloids versus saline in critically ill adults \u2014A systematic review with meta-analysis","author":"Hammond","year":"2022","journal-title":"NEJM Evidence [Internet]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3525-z","article-title":"Consensus on circulatory shock and hemodynamic monitoring Task force of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine","volume":"40","author":"Cecconi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.0071","article-title":"Effect of a resuscitation strategy targeting peripheral perfusion status vs serum lactate levels on 28-day mortality among patients with septic shock: The ANDROMEDA-SHOCK Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"321","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R97","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13868","article-title":"Timing of vasopressor initiation and mortality in septic shock: a cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Beck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.11.004","article-title":"Delayed vasopressor initiation is associated with increased mortality in patients with septic shock","volume":"55","author":"Colon Hidalgo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Crit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03204-x","article-title":"Timing of norepinephrine initiation in patients with septic shock: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.13406","article-title":"Safety of peripheral administration of vasopressor medications: A systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208943","article-title":"Circulatory shock","volume":"369","author":"Vincent","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002189","article-title":"Higher fluid balance increases the risk of death from sepsis: Results from a large international audit","volume":"45","author":"Sakr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4573-3","article-title":"Conservative fluid management or deresuscitation for patients with sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome following the resuscitation phase of critical illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Silversides","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066618784861","article-title":"Fluid Management in Sepsis","volume":"34","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4375-7","article-title":"Less invasive hemodynamic monitoring in critically ill patients","volume":"42","author":"Teboul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1909-5","article-title":"Personalised fluid resuscitation in the ICU: Still a fluid concept?","volume":"21","author":"Van Haren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-018-0402-x","article-title":"Principles of fluid management and stewardship in septic shock: it is time to consider the four D's and the four phases of fluid therapy","volume":"8","author":"Malbrain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev169","article-title":"Fluid therapy in 2015 and beyond: The mini-fluid challenge and mini-fluid bolus approach","volume":"115","author":"Marik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907118","article-title":"Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock","volume":"362","author":"De Backer","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1219-0","article-title":"A comparison of epinephrine and norepinephrine in critically ill patients","volume":"34","author":"Myburgh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0129305","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129305","article-title":"Vasopressors for the treatment of septic shock: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Avni","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0903700212","article-title":"Outcome of patients receiving high dose vasopressor therapy: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"37","author":"Jenkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2144-4","article-title":"Refractory septic shock: Our pragmatic approach","volume":"22","author":"Nandhabalan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066619860736","article-title":"Maximum norepinephrine dosage within 24 hours as an indicator of refractory septic shock: A retrospective study","volume":"35","author":"Kasugai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.23736\/S0375-9393.20.13826-4","article-title":"Vasopressors to treat refractory septic shock","volume":"86","author":"Meresse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.12.333","article-title":"Intensity of vasopressor therapy for septic shock and the risk of in-hospital death","volume":"53","author":"Brand","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0945","first-page":"654708","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies for high-dose vasopressor-dependent shock","volume":"2013","author":"Bassi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Res Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05596-z","article-title":"Cardiovascular clusters in septic shock combining clinical and echocardiographic parameters: a post hoc analysis","volume":"45","author":"Geri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0955","first-page":"309","article-title":"Less or more hemodynamic monitoring in critically ill patients","volume":"24","author":"Jozwiak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000959","article-title":"Hemodynamic support in septic shock","volume":"34","author":"Garc\u00eda-de-Acilu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0965","first-page":"290","article-title":"Hemodynamic clinical phenotyping in septic shock","volume":"27","author":"Daulasim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000066692.71008.BB","article-title":"Arginine vasopressin in advanced vasodilatory shock: A prospective, randomized, controlled study","volume":"107","author":"D\u00fcnser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.4528","article-title":"Association of vasopressin plus catecholamine vasopressors vs catecholamines alone with atrial fibrillation in patients with distributive shock: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"319","author":"McIntyre","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067373","article-title":"Vasopressin versus norepinephrine infusion in patients with septic shock","volume":"358","author":"Russell","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.10485","article-title":"Effect of early vasopressin vs norepinephrine on kidney failure in patients with septic shock: The VANISH Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"316","author":"Gordon","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05620-2","article-title":"Vasopressin in septic shock: An individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"45","author":"Nagendran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1704154","article-title":"Angiotensin ii for the treatment of vasodilatory shock","volume":"377","author":"Khanna","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medin.2017.03.008","article-title":"Venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide difference in the resuscitation of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: A systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Diaztagle Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Intensiva."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1005","first-page":"181","article-title":"Understanding the carbon dioxide gaps","volume":"24","author":"Scheeren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-016-0216-7","article-title":"Prediction of fluid responsiveness: An update","volume":"6","author":"Monnet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2110-5820-1-1","article-title":"Hemodynamic parameters to guide fluid therapy","volume":"1","author":"Marik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-018-0400-z","article-title":"My patient has received fluid How to assess its efficacy and side effects?","volume":"8","author":"Monnet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06310-0","article-title":"Fluid administration and monitoring in ARDS: Which management?","volume":"46","author":"Vignon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004127","article-title":"Effect of continuous epinephrine infusion on survival in critically ill patients: A meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"48","author":"Belletti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1609409","article-title":"Levosimendan for the prevention of acute organ dysfunction in sepsis","volume":"375","author":"Gordon","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2017.03.011","article-title":"Levosimendan does not provide mortality benefit over dobutamine in adult patients with septic shock: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"39","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2021.05.017","article-title":"Vasopressor and inotrope treatment for septic shock: An umbrella review of reviews","volume":"65","author":"Einav","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Crit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-014-0025-9","article-title":"Duration of hemodynamic effects of crystalloids in patients with circulatory shock after initial resuscitation","volume":"4","author":"Nunes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1055","first-page":"319","article-title":"Parameters of fluid responsiveness","volume":"26","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002183","article-title":"The changes in pulse pressure variation or stroke volume variation after a \u201cTidal volume challenge\u201d reliably predict fluid responsiveness during low tidal volume ventilation","volume":"45","author":"Myatra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1131","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002704","article-title":"Predicting Fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients by using combined end-expiratory and end-inspiratory occlusions with echocardiography","volume":"45","author":"Jozwiak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-2039-6","article-title":"Impact of albumin compared to saline on organ function and mortality of patients with severe sepsis","volume":"37","author":"SAFE Study Investigators","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1305727","article-title":"Albumin replacement in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock","volume":"370","author":"Caironi","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e161","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002067","article-title":"Hemodynamic effect of different doses of fluids for a fluid challenge: A quasi-randomized controlled study","volume":"45","author":"Aya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03443-y","article-title":"The fluid challenge","volume":"24","author":"Vincent","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medin.2020.10.005","article-title":"Ten answers to key questions for fluid management in intensive care","volume":"45","author":"Sanfilippo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Intensiva (Engl Ed)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2017.12.010","article-title":"Applied physiology of fluid resuscitation in critical illness","volume":"34","author":"Arshed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-1959-3","article-title":"Should we measure the central venous pressure to guide fluid management? Ten answers to 10 questions","volume":"22","author":"De Backer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31826ab377","article-title":"Extravascular lung water is an independent prognostic factor in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Jozwiak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2016.02.011","article-title":"Prognostic value of extravascular lung water and its potential role in guiding fluid therapy in septic shock after initial resuscitation","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Crit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medin.2019.09.009","article-title":"Perspectives on perfusion monitoring in septic shock after the ANDROMEDA-SHOCK trial","volume":"43","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Intensiva (Engl Ed)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2020.03.222","article-title":"Assessment of sublingual microcirculation in critically ill patients: consensus and debate","volume":"8","author":"Dilken","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5095-y","article-title":"Could resuscitation be based on microcirculation data?","volume":"44","author":"Naumann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5180-2","article-title":"Could resuscitation be based on microcirculation data? We are not sure","volume":"44","author":"Monnet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.03.123","article-title":"Extracorporeal life support for adults with refractory septic shock","volume":"156","author":"Ro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000905","article-title":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for adults with refractory septic shock","volume":"65","author":"Riera","year":"2019","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.08.022","article-title":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation resuscitation in adult patients with refractory septic shock","volume":"146","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e68","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezu462","article-title":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory septic shock in adults","volume":"47","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2012.11.021","article-title":"Survival of septic adults compared with nonseptic adults receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for cardiopulmonary failure: A propensity-matched analysis","volume":"28","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Crit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001329","article-title":"Mechanical circulatory support in refractory vasodilatory septic shock: A randomized controlled porcine study","volume":"53","author":"Chvojka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Shock."},{"issue":"10250","key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30733-9","article-title":"Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to rescue sepsis-induced cardiogenic shock: A retrospective, multicentre, international cohort study","volume":"396","author":"Br\u00e9chot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4919-5","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) in critically ill patients (Part I): Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) 2017","volume":"43","author":"Annane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1705716","article-title":"Hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone for adults with septic shock","volume":"378","author":"Annane","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1705835","article-title":"Adjunctive glucocorticoid therapy in patients with septic shock","volume":"378","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5197-6","article-title":"Low-dose corticosteroids for adult patients with septic shock: A systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis","volume":"44","author":"Ryg\u00e5rd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/0018578719829416","article-title":"Corticosteroids for septic shock: Another chapter in the saga","volume":"55","author":"Yerke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hosp Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.11.036","article-title":"Hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine for the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock: A retrospective before-after study","volume":"151","author":"Marik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.11946","article-title":"Effect of ascorbic acid corticosteroids, and thiamine on organ injury in septic shock: The ACTS randomized clinical trial","volume":"324","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.02.049","article-title":"Outcomes of metabolic resuscitation using ascorbic acid thiamine, and glucocorticoids in the early treatment of sepsis: The ORANGES Trial","volume":"158","author":"Iglesias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.22176","article-title":"Effect of vitamin c hydrocortisone, and thiamine vs hydrocortisone alone on time alive and free of vasopressor support among patients with septic shock: The VITAMINS Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"323","author":"Fujii","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.11825","article-title":"Effect of vitamin C infusion on organ failure and biomarkers of inflammation and vascular injury in patients with sepsis and severe acute respiratory failure: The CITRIS-ALI Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"322","author":"Fowler","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.24505","article-title":"Effect of vitamin C thiamine, and hydrocortisone on ventilator- and vasopressor-free days in patients with sepsis: The VICTAS Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"325","author":"Sevransky","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066620987809","article-title":"Vitamin C, thiamine, and hydrocortisone in the treatment of sepsis: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"37","author":"Zayed","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1230","first-page":"193","article-title":"Vitamin C supplementation in the critically ill patient","volume":"18","author":"Berger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2018.04.007","article-title":"Vitamin C for the treatment of sepsis: The scientific rationale","volume":"189","author":"Marik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001572","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of thiamine as a metabolic resuscitator in septic shock: A pilot study","volume":"44","author":"Donnino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2217-4","article-title":"Ascorbic acid, corticosteroids, and thiamine in sepsis: A review of the biologic rationale and the present state of clinical evaluation","volume":"22","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025_bib1250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06596-8","article-title":"Feasibility of conservative fluid administration and deresuscitation compared with usual care in critical illness: The Role of Active Deresuscitation After Resuscitation-2 (RADAR-2) randomised clinical trial","volume":"48","author":"Silversides","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."}],"container-title":["Medicina Intensiva (English Edition)"],"original-title":[],"language":"es","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2173572724000031?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2173572724000031?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T02:38:49Z","timestamp":1761878329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2173572724000031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":125,"alternative-id":["S2173572724000031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["2173-5727"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2173-5727"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Estrategia integral de reanimaci\u00f3n del paciente con sepsis y shock s\u00e9ptico","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medicina Intensiva (English Edition)","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medine.2022.02.025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U. and SEMICYUC. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}