{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:38:54Z","timestamp":1790419134632,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection, Genetics and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,14]],"date-time":"2013-03-14T13:22:42Z","timestamp":1363267362000},"page":"298-304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis for Clostridium botulinum type B isolates in Japan: Comparison with other isolates and genotyping methods"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kaoru","family":"Umeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Kohda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunji","family":"Kozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0005","first-page":"270","article-title":"An infant botulism case due to Clostridium botulinum type B, January 2011 \u2013 Ehime","volume":"32","author":"Azuma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Agents Surveill. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2006.00056.x","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing for global surveillance of meningococcal disease","volume":"31","author":"Brehony","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/10408410701364562","article-title":"Botulism diagnostics: from clinical symptoms to in vitro assays","volume":"33","author":"Cai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.06.001","article-title":"Development and evaluation of multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis for fine typing and phylogenetic analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium","volume":"142","author":"Chiou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13429","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.23.13429","article-title":"Bootstrap confidence levels for phylogenetic trees","volume":"93","author":"Efron","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4252","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05396-11","article-title":"Clostridium botulinum group I strain genotyping by 15-locus multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis","volume":"49","author":"Fillo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4829","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004829","article-title":"Evidence that plasmid-borne botulinum neurotoxin type B genes are widespread among Clostridium botulinum serotype B strains","volume":"4","author":"Franciosa","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4161","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.11.4161-4167.1998","article-title":"Prevalence of Clostridium botulinum in Finnish trout farms: pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing reveals extensive genetic diversity among type E isolates","volume":"64","author":"Hielm","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01180-06","article-title":"Genetic diversity among botulinum neurotoxin producing Clostridial strains","volume":"189","author":"Hill","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-7-66","article-title":"Recombination and insertion events involving the botulinum neurotoxin complex genes in Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, and F and Clostridium butyricum type E strains","volume":"7","author":"Hill","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.26.11.2465-2466.1988","article-title":"Numerical index of the discriminatory ability of typing systems: an application of Simpson\u2019s index of diversity","volume":"26","author":"Hunter","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(99)00050-1","article-title":"Characterisation of Clostridium botulinum groups I and II by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and repetitive element sequence-based PCR","volume":"48","author":"Hyytia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0065","first-page":"35","article-title":"Botulism in Japan as of January 2008","volume":"29","author":"Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Agents Surveill. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2008\/016915-0","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of Clostridium botulinum type A by multi-locus sequence typing","volume":"154","author":"Jacobson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-012-5767-3","article-title":"De novo subtype and strain identification of botulinum neurotoxin type B through toxin proteomics","volume":"403","author":"Kalb","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.3.1148-1154.2005","article-title":"Efficient DNA fingerprinting of Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, and F by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis","volume":"71","author":"Keto-Timonen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.5.1635-1644.2006","article-title":"Comparison of DNA fingerprinting methods for use in investigation of type E botulism outbreaks in the Canadian Arctic","volume":"44","author":"Leclair","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200500096","article-title":"Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeats analysis for genetic fingerprinting of pathogenic bacteria","volume":"26","author":"Lindstedt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.298-314.2006","article-title":"Laboratory diagnostics of botulism","volume":"19","author":"Lindstrom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8712","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02428-12","article-title":"Genetic diversity among Clostridium botulinum strains harboring bont\/A2 and bont\/A3 genes","volume":"78","author":"Luquez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01539-07","article-title":"Differentiation of Clostridium botulinum serotype A strains by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis","volume":"74","author":"Macdonald","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11087","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011087","article-title":"Conjugative botulinum neurotoxin-encoding plasmids in Clostridium botulinum","volume":"5","author":"Marshall","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0115","first-page":"241","article-title":"An outbreak of foodborne type B botulism from eating Italy imported bottled olives, August 1998 \u2013 Tokyo","volume":"21","author":"Monma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Agents Surveill. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0120","first-page":"111","article-title":"A case of infantile botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum type B, January 2011\u2014Okayama","volume":"32","author":"Nakajima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Agents Surveill. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.3.1311-1317.2005","article-title":"Diversity of proteolytic Clostridium botulinum strains, determined by a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis approach","volume":"71","author":"Nevas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-63.10.1347","article-title":"Differentiation between types and strains of Clostridium botulinum by riboprinting","volume":"63","author":"Skinner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1271","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001271","article-title":"Analysis of the neurotoxin complex genes in Clostridium botulinum A1\u2013A4 and B1 strains: BoNT\/A3, \/Ba4 and \/B1 clusters are located within plasmids","volume":"2","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1996.tb03310.x","article-title":"Simple method for detection of Clostridium botulinum type A to F neurotoxin genes by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"40","author":"Takeshi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.9.2233-2239.1995","article-title":"Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing","volume":"33","author":"Tenover","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00077-09","article-title":"Genetic characterization of Clostridium botulinum associated with type B infant botulism in Japan","volume":"47","author":"Umeda","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0155","first-page":"308","article-title":"A novel multiplex PCR method for Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type A gene cluster typing","volume":"54","author":"Umeda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2012.00441.x","article-title":"Stability of toxigenicity in proteolytic Clostridium botulinum type B upon serial passage","volume":"56","author":"Umeda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(99)80053-8","article-title":"The role of short sequence repeats in epidemiologic typing","volume":"2","author":"van Belkum","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.06.012","article-title":"Allelic diversity of variable number of tandem repeats provides phylogenetic clues regarding the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing family","volume":"9","author":"Wada","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46990-0","article-title":"Evaluation of variable numbers of tandem repeat as molecular epidemiological markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Japan","volume":"56","author":"Wada","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-278","article-title":"Multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis for molecular typing and phylogenetic analysis of Shigella flexneri","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1988.tb01419.x","article-title":"Distribution of Clostridium botulinum in Japan and in Shinkiang district of China","volume":"32","author":"Yamakawa","year":"1988","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Infection, Genetics and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567134813000725?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567134813000725?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T22:23:47Z","timestamp":1595543027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567134813000725"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S1567134813000725"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.02.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-1348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-1348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}}}