{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:30:11Z","timestamp":1791639011225,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000883","name":"University of Bristol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infection, Genetics and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,6]],"date-time":"2015-06-06T17:28:31Z","timestamp":1433611711000},"page":"36-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Population structure and genetic diversity of the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis in Bristol, UK"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Hawksworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Smale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Whittle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Longhurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Muir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2006.01.001","article-title":"A genetically diverse but distinct North American population of Sarcocystis neurona includes an overrepresented clone described by 12 microsatellite alleles","volume":"6","author":"Asmundsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1132894","article-title":"Draft genome sequence of the sexually transmitted pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"315","author":"Carlton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2010.08.006","article-title":"Microsatellite polymorphism in the sexually transmitted human pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis indicates a genetically diverse parasite","volume":"175","author":"Conrad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0020","article-title":"Extensive genetic diversity, unique population structure and evidence of genetic exchange in the sexually transmitted parasite Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"6","author":"Conrad","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS NTD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00643-12","article-title":"Genetic characterization of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by use of multilocus sequence typing","volume":"50","author":"Cornelius","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199707000-00008","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery","volume":"24","author":"Cotch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sex. Trans. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02034.x","article-title":"Molecular typing of the actin gene of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism","volume":"14","author":"Crucitti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2005.02553.x","article-title":"Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: a simulation study","volume":"14","author":"Evanno","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-152","article-title":"Global optimal eBURST analysis of multilocus typing data using a graphic matroid approach","volume":"10","author":"Francisco","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4258","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00220-11","article-title":"Clinical Isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis concurrently infected by strains of up to four Trichomonasvirus Species (Family Totiviridae)","volume":"85","author":"Goodman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/16.9.847","article-title":"LIAN 3.0: detecting linkage disequilibrium in multilocus data","volume":"16","author":"Haubold","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msj030","article-title":"Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies","volume":"23","author":"Huson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/17.12.1230","article-title":"Sequence type analysis and recombinational tests (START)","volume":"17","author":"Jolley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1806.111590","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis antimicrobial drug resistance in 6 US Cities, STD Surveillance Network, 2009\u20132010","volume":"18","author":"Kirkcaldy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/152.5.979","article-title":"Geographic variation among isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis \u2013 demonstration of antigenic heterogeneity by using monoclonal antibodies and the indirect immunofluorescence technique","volume":"152","author":"Krieger","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3140","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.6.3140","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing: a portable approach to the identification of clones within populations of pathogenic microorganisms","volume":"95","author":"Maiden","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/029c403b-10aa-47af-9e99-11451de76b85","article-title":"An expanded inventory of conserved meiotic genes provides evidence for sex in Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"3","author":"Malik","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1086\/511278","article-title":"Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis increases the risk of HIV-1 acquisition","volume":"195","author":"McClelland","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.245","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates determined by EcoRI restriction fragment length polymorphism of heat-shock protein 70 genes","volume":"80","author":"Meade","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.05024-11","article-title":"Biochemistry and evolution of anaerobic energy metabolism in eukaryotes","volume":"76","author":"Muller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr572","article-title":"Validation of novel fluorescence assays for the routine screening of drug susceptibilities of Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"67","author":"Natto","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0110","first-page":"357","article-title":"TreeView: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers","volume":"12","author":"Page","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comp. Appl. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2938","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02370-13","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis metronidazole resistance is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the nitroreductase genes ntr4(Tv) and ntr6(Tv)","volume":"58","author":"Paulish-Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1042\/BC20060084","article-title":"Phagocytosis by Trichomonas vaginalis: new insights","volume":"99","author":"Pereira-Neves","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051075","article-title":"Global epidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"89","author":"Poole","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex. Trans. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/155.2.945","article-title":"Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data","volume":"155","author":"Pritchard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0135","first-page":"185","article-title":"A phylogenomic inventory of meiotic genes: evidence for sex in Giardia and an early eukaryotic origin of meiosis","volume":"15","author":"Ramesh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0140","series-title":"Global Incidence and Prevalence of Selected Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections \u2013 2008","author":"Rowley","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4209","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00814-06","article-title":"Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates with resistance to metronidazole and tinidazole","volume":"50","author":"Schwebke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0723","article-title":"Neglected parasitic infections in the United States: trichomoniasis","volume":"90","author":"Secor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000134","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis as a cause of perinatal morbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Silver","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex. Trans. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00182389","article-title":"Analyzing the mosaic structure of genes","volume":"34","author":"Smith","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Mol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/153.2.1021","article-title":"The detection and measurement of recombination from sequence data","volume":"153","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-1878(200012)22:12<1115::AID-BIES9>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Population structure and evolutionary dynamics of pathogenic bacteria","volume":"22","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3004","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.8.3004-3009.2000","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of metronidazole resistance in a population of Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates","volume":"38","author":"Snipes","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0180","first-page":"250","article-title":"Isoenzyme characterization of Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"58","author":"Soliman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br. J. Ven. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002801","article-title":"Trichomoniasis, a common curable STI, and prostate carcinogenesis \u2013 a proposed molecular mechanism","volume":"8","author":"Sutcliffe","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3305","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1212452109","article-title":"Reproductive clonality of pathogens: a perspective on pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasitic protozoa","volume":"109","author":"Tibayrenc","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.7.2414","article-title":"A clonal theory of parasitic protozoa: the population structures of Entamoeba, Giardia, Leishmania, Naegleria, Plasmodium, Trichomonas and Trypanosoma and their medical and taxonomical consequences","volume":"87","author":"Tibayrenc","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.018","article-title":"Genotyping Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"36","author":"Upcroft","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05960.x","article-title":"Characterization of trichomonad species and strains by PCR fingerprinting","volume":"44","author":"Vanacova","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Euk. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7956","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.20.7956","article-title":"The double-stranded RNA in Trichomonas vaginalis may originate from virus-like particles","volume":"83","author":"Wang","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2008.06.004","article-title":"Comparative analysis of trichomonad genome sizes and karyotypes","volume":"161","author":"Zubacova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Infection, Genetics and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567134815002385?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567134815002385?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T14:42:02Z","timestamp":1652280122000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567134815002385"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S1567134815002385"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-1348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-1348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Population structure and genetic diversity of the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis in Bristol, UK","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.06.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}