{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T05:51:46Z","timestamp":1789883506407,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008370","name":"National Pork Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10-156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10-156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of Yangzhou University","award":["137010925"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["137010925"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infection, Genetics and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,5]],"date-time":"2016-03-05T16:10:27Z","timestamp":1457194227000},"page":"167-175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"special_numbering":"C","title":["ORF5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a target of diversifying selection as infection progresses from acute infection to virus rebound"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Nanhua","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin R.","family":"Trible","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen A.","family":"Kerrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kegong","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond R.R.","family":"Rowland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10834","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.22.10834-10837.2000","article-title":"Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: description of persistence in individual pigs upon experimental infection","volume":"74","author":"Allende","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3994","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.8.3994-4004.2006","article-title":"Influence of N-linked glycosylation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 on virus infectivity, antigenicity, and ability to induce neutralizing antibodies","volume":"80","author":"Ansari","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 6","key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-S6-S1","article-title":"Inferring viral quasispecies spectra from 454 pyrosequencing reads","volume":"12","author":"Astrovskaya","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Bioinforma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01326-09","article-title":"Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nonstructural protein 1beta modulates host innate immune response by antagonizing IRF3 activation","volume":"84","author":"Beura","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23968","article-title":"Evidence of distinct populations of hepatitis C virus in the liver and plasma of patients co-infected with HIV and HCV","volume":"86","author":"Blackard","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4464","article-title":"Evidence for a major QTL associated with host response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus challenge","volume":"90","author":"Boddicker","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088807","article-title":"Genomic evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates revealed by deep sequencing","volume":"9","author":"Brar","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0040","first-page":"629","article-title":"Nidovirales: a new order comprising Coronaviridae and Arteriviridae","volume":"142","author":"Cavanagh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4080","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.68.6.4080-4085.1994","article-title":"Persistence of simian immunodeficiency virus Mne variants upon transmission","volume":"68","author":"Chackerian","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.02.002","article-title":"Pathogenesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus","volume":"2","author":"Chand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4750","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.10.4750-4763.2002","article-title":"Evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus during sequential passages in pigs","volume":"76","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.10.006","article-title":"Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication and quasispecies evolution in pigs that lack adaptive immunity","volume":"195","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90021-2","article-title":"Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction","volume":"162","author":"Chomczynski","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0070","series-title":"Current Protocols in Molecular Biology\/Edited by Frederick M. Ausubel. [et al.] Chapter 7, Unit7 5","article-title":"High-throughput sequencing of PCR products tagged with universal primers using 454 life sciences systems","author":"Daigle","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.01.008","article-title":"Genetic and immunobiological diversities of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome genotype I strains","volume":"150","author":"Darwich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.03.015","article-title":"Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus diversity of Eastern Canada swine herds in a large sequence dataset reveals two hypervariable regions under positive selection","volume":"12","author":"Delisle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2010.07.030","article-title":"The PRRSV replicase: exploring the multifunctionality of an intriguing set of nonstructural proteins","volume":"154","author":"Fang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2003.12.026","article-title":"Heterogeneity in Nsp2 of European-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses isolated in the United States","volume":"100","author":"Fang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2920","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1211145109","article-title":"Efficient \u22122 frameshifting by mammalian ribosomes to synthesize an additional arterivirus protein","volume":"109","author":"Fang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1297925","article-title":"New insights into the HCV quasispecies and compartmentalization","volume":"31","author":"Farci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.029264-0","article-title":"Discovery of a small arterivirus gene that overlaps the GP5 coding sequence and is important for virus production","volume":"92","author":"Firth","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-015-0166-3","article-title":"Different clinical, virological, serological and tissue tropism outcomes of two new and one old Belgian type 1 subtype 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) isolates","volume":"46","author":"Frydas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0389.x","article-title":"Porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine circovirus-associated disease","volume":"23","author":"Gillespie","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.07.009","article-title":"Quasispecies variation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus during natural infection","volume":"317","author":"Goldberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msi089","article-title":"The origin and evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses","volume":"22","author":"Hanada","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.54846\/jshap\/754","article-title":"Assessment of the economic impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on United States pork producers","volume":"21","author":"Holtkamp","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Swine Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083567","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) viremia profiles from experimental infection: a statistical modelling approach","volume":"8","author":"Islam","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.030213-0","article-title":"Novel structural protein in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus encoded by an alternative ORF5 present in all arteriviruses","volume":"92","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001005","article-title":"Quasispecies theory and the behavior of RNA viruses","volume":"6","author":"Lauring","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.07.013","article-title":"The small envelope protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus possesses ion channel protein-like properties","volume":"355","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2004.09.005","article-title":"Role of neutralizing antibodies in PRRSV protective immunity","volume":"102","author":"Lopez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.4.2701-2708.2003","article-title":"High mutant frequency in populations of a DNA virus allows evasion from antibody therapy in an immunodeficient host","volume":"77","author":"Lopez-Bueno","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-022114-111025","article-title":"Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV): pathogenesis and interaction with the immune system","volume":"4","author":"Lunney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Anim. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1899-0_44","article-title":"Structural gene analysis of a Quebec reference strain or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)","volume":"380","author":"Mardassi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.0356","article-title":"Intracellular synthesis, processing, and transport of proteins encoded by ORFs 5 to 7 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus","volume":"221","author":"Mardassi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01309962","article-title":"Phylogenetic analyses of the putative M (ORF 6) and N (ORF 7) genes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV): implication for the existence of two genotypes of PRRSV in the U.S.A. and Europe","volume":"140","author":"Meng","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"issue":"Pt 12","key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3181","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-76-12-3181","article-title":"Sequence comparison of open reading frames 2 to 5 of low and high virulence United States isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus","volume":"76","author":"Meng","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbs012","article-title":"Using Tablet for visual exploration of second-generation sequencing data","volume":"14","author":"Milne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0195","first-page":"135","article-title":"The role of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus structural and non-structural proteins in virus pathogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Music","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0200","first-page":"418","article-title":"Simple methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions","volume":"3","author":"Nei","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.1.270-280.1999","article-title":"Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus comparison: divergent evolution on two continents","volume":"73","author":"Nelsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4241","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.9.4241-4250.2002","article-title":"Identification of neutralizing and nonneutralizing epitopes in the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 ectodomain","volume":"76","author":"Ostrowski","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1701","article-title":"SignalP 4.0: discriminating signal peptides from transmembrane regions","volume":"8","author":"Petersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0388.2009.00818.x","article-title":"Variation in resistance to the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in Pietrain and Miniature pigs","volume":"127","author":"Reiner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Breeding Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.09.022","article-title":"Purifying selection in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5a protein influences variation in envelope glycoprotein 5 glycosylation","volume":"20","author":"Robinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(99)00048-9","article-title":"The localization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein to the nucleolus of infected cells and identification of a potential nucleolar localization signal sequence","volume":"64","author":"Rowland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1999.9789","article-title":"The evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: quasispecies and emergence of a virus subpopulation during infection of pigs with VR-2332","volume":"259","author":"Rowland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2003.07.006","article-title":"Lymphoid tissue tropism of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication during persistent infection of pigs originally exposed to virus in utero","volume":"96","author":"Rowland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2012.00260","article-title":"Control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) through genetic improvements in disease resistance and tolerance","volume":"3","author":"Rowland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2010.08.014","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of PRRSV: a phylogenetic perspective","volume":"154","author":"Shi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8700","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02551-09","article-title":"Phylogeny-based evolutionary, demographical, and geographical dissection of North American type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses","volume":"84","author":"Shi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-008-0146-2","article-title":"Definition of subtypes in the European genotype of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: nucleocapsid characteristics and geographical distribution in Europe","volume":"153","author":"Stadejek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(92)90216-C","article-title":"Lack of evidence for proofreading mechanisms associated with an RNA virus polymerase","volume":"122","author":"Steinhauer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7832","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00217-10","article-title":"The cysteine protease domain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nonstructural protein 2 possesses deubiquitinating and interferon antagonism functions","volume":"84","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3839","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06466-11","article-title":"Nonstructural protein 2 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus inhibits the antiviral function of interferon-stimulated gene 15","volume":"86","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.11.005","article-title":"Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5a protein is essential for virus viability","volume":"171","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065548","article-title":"Signal peptide cleavage from GP5 of PRRSV: a minor fraction of molecules retains the decoy epitope, a presumed molecular cause for viral persistence","volume":"8","author":"Thaa","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30006-2","article-title":"Immunology of the porcine respiratory disease complex. The Veterinary clinics of North America","volume":"17","author":"Thacker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Food Animal Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03287-14","article-title":"A single amino acid deletion in the matrix protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus confers resistance to a polyclonal swine antibody with broadly neutralizing activity","author":"Trible","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04388","article-title":"Quasispecies diversity determines pathogenesis through cooperative interactions in a viral population","volume":"439","author":"Vignuzzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5555","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00189-11","article-title":"Immune evasion of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus through glycan shielding involves both glycoprotein 5 as well as glycoprotein 3","volume":"85","author":"Vu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01470","article-title":"Antibody neutralization and escape by HIV-1","volume":"422","author":"Wei","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2004.09.022","article-title":"Construction and evaluation of genetically engineered replication-defective porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine candidates","volume":"102","author":"Welch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1991.9694296","article-title":"Mystery swine disease in The Netherlands: the isolation of Lelystad virus","volume":"13","author":"Wensvoort","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3434","article-title":"Gene-edited pigs are protected from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus","volume":"34","author":"Whitworth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(96)01337-5","article-title":"Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: a persistent infection","volume":"55","author":"Wills","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12495","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.19.12495-12506.2005","article-title":"Envelope protein requirements for the assembly of infectious virions of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus","volume":"79","author":"Wissink","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2723","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst179","article-title":"PAMLX: a graphical user interface for PAML","volume":"30","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm088","article-title":"PAML 4: phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(00)01994-7","article-title":"Statistical methods for detecting molecular adaptation","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msi097","article-title":"Bayes empirical bayes inference of amino acid sites under positive selection","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(01)79001-3","article-title":"Neutralizing antiviral antibody responses","volume":"79","author":"Zinkernagel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Infection, Genetics and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567134816300727?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567134816300727?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T17:00:22Z","timestamp":1748797222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567134816300727"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["S1567134816300727"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-1348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-1348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"ORF5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a target of diversifying selection as infection progresses from acute infection to virus rebound","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}