{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:32:16Z","timestamp":1785850336410,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004320","name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22358-106-01-99"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22358-106-01-99"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infection, Genetics and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T02:11:35Z","timestamp":1607307095000},"page":"104669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Covid-19 pathogenesis in prostatic cancer and TMPRSS2-ERG regulatory genetic pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Afsoon","family":"Afshari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Janfeshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramin","family":"Yaghobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamshid","family":"Roozbeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negar","family":"Azarpira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0005","author":"Afar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0010","first-page":"71","article-title":"Effects of intermittent androgen suppression on androgen-dependent tumors. Apoptosis and serum prostate-specific antigen","author":"Akakura","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.08.050","article-title":"HER2 interacts with CD44 to up-regulate CXCR4 via epigenetic silencing of microRNA-139 in gastric cancer cells","volume":"141","author":"Bao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9544","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-1638","article-title":"Androgen-induced TMPRSS2:ERG fusion in nonmalignant prostate epithelial cells","volume":"70","author":"Bastus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0025","author":"Becker-Santos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5723","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-3928","article-title":"Androgen-dependent regulation of Her-2\/neu in prostate cancer cells","volume":"66","author":"Berger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.55","article-title":"MiR-130a, miR-203 and miR-205 jointly repress key oncogenic pathways and are downregulated in prostate carcinoma","volume":"32","author":"Boll","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-12-0041","article-title":"Genome-wide DNA methylation events in TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-negative prostate cancers implicate an EZH2-dependent mechanism with miR-26a hypermethylation","volume":"2","author":"B\u00f6rno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3265","article-title":"To differentiate or not-routes towards metastasis","author":"Brabletz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-11-507","article-title":"TMPRSS2-ERG -specific transcriptional modulation is associated with prostate cancer biomarkers and TGF-\u03b2 signaling","volume":"11","author":"Brase","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2011.04.010","article-title":"Mechanistic rationale for inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in ETS gene fusion-positive prostate cancer","volume":"19","author":"Brenner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015531326689","article-title":"Contribution of the androgen receptor to prostate cancer predisposition and progression","author":"Buchanan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Metast. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.370","article-title":"Aberrant ERG expression cooperates with loss of PTEN to promote cancer progression in the prostate","volume":"41","author":"Carver","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30154-9","article-title":"A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster","volume":"395","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/nm972","article-title":"Molecular determinants of resistance to antiandrogen therapy","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2009.127","article-title":"ETS gene fusions in prostate cancer","author":"Clark","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210070","article-title":"Diversity of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcripts in the human prostate","volume":"26","author":"Clark","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0090","series-title":"Internist","first-page":"1136","article-title":"Coronaviruses as the cause of respiratory infections","volume":"60","author":"Corman","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00206514","article-title":"Inhibition of Pim1 kinase reduces viral replication in primary bronchial epithelial cells","author":"De Vries","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Resp. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.81","article-title":"SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses","author":"De Wit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20794","article-title":"Molecular regulation of androgen action in prostate cancer","author":"Dehm","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2388(200001\/02)18:1<52::AID-SSU8>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Endocrine treatment in prostate cancer","volume":"18","author":"Denis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24696","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.030098","article-title":"miR-331-3p regulates ERBB-2 expression and androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer","volume":"284","author":"Epis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41442","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.301481","article-title":"The RNA-binding protein HuR opposes the repression of ERBB-2 gene expression by microRNA miR-331-3p in prostate cancer cells","volume":"286","author":"Epis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.00964.x","article-title":"Coxsackievirus B3 activates nuclear factor kappa B transcription factor via a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase\/protein kinase B-dependent pathway to improve host cell viability","volume":"9","author":"Esfandiarei","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2867-14-34","article-title":"Androgen receptor and gene network: micromechanics reassemble the signaling machinery of TMPRSS2-ERG positive prostate cancer cells [Internet]","author":"Farooqi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-051215-031152","article-title":"Middle east respiratory syndrome: emergence of a pathogenic human coronavirus","volume":"68","author":"Fehr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/35094009","article-title":"The development of androgen-independent prostate cancer","volume":"1","author":"Feldman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0145","author":"Fletcher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/35094067","article-title":"APC, signal transduction and genetic instability in colorectal cancer","volume":"1","author":"Fodde","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/path.3995","article-title":"In hepatocellular carcinoma miR-519d is up-regulated by p53 and DNA hypomethylation and targets CDKN1A\/p21, PTEN, AKT3 and TIMP2","volume":"227","author":"Fornari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-68-2-461","article-title":"Three-month treatment with a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: effects on tissue androgen concentration, 5\u03b1-reductase activity and androgen receptor content","volume":"68","author":"Forti","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2012.03.006","article-title":"Involvement of microRNA-93, a new regulator of PTEN\/Akt signaling pathway, in regulation of chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer cells","volume":"586","author":"Fu","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(96)00444-3","article-title":"Androgens and prostate cancer: biology, pathology and hormonal therapy","volume":"33","author":"Galbraith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-013-9779-3","article-title":"A microfluidic localized, multiple cell culture array using vacuum actuated cell seeding: integrated anticancer drug testing","volume":"15","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed. Microdevices"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0180","first-page":"410","article-title":"Association between TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene and the prostate cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Garc\u00eda-Perdomo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.25259\/IJMS_29_2020","article-title":"Role of poly (ADP) ribose polymerase-1 inhibition by nicotinamide as a possible additive treatment to modulate host immune response and prevention of cytokine storm in COVID-19","volume":"72","author":"Gharote","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ind. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5502","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00128-13","article-title":"The spike protein of the emerging betacoronavirus EMC uses a novel coronavirus receptor for entry, can be activated by TMPRSS2, and is targeted by neutralizing antibodies","volume":"87","author":"Gierer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13443","article-title":"A preliminary observation: male pattern hair loss among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Spain \u2013 a potential clue to the role of androgens in COVID-19 severity","author":"Goren","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-1158","article-title":"Heregulin-induced activation of HER2 and HER3 increases androgen receptor transactivation and CWR-R1 human recurrent prostate cancer cell growth","volume":"11","author":"Gregory","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/93.22.1687","article-title":"Androgen receptor signaling in androgen-refractory prostate cancer","volume":"93","author":"Grossmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007756","article-title":"The coronavirus macrodomain is required to prevent PARP-mediated inhibition of virus replication and enhancement of IFN expression","volume":"15","author":"Grunewald","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050828","article-title":"Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS","volume":"202","author":"Gu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7809","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711241105","article-title":"Modulation of TNF-\u03b1-converting enzyme by the spike protein of SARS-CoV and ACE2 induces TNF-\u03b1 production and facilitates viral entry","volume":"105","author":"Haga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.23.2.0460","article-title":"Androgen receptor (AR) coregulators: an overview","author":"Heinlein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0032","article-title":"Androgen receptor in prostate cancer","author":"Heinlein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10658","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-1871","article-title":"TMPRSS2:ERG fusion by translocation or interstitial deletion is highly relevant in androgen-dependent prostate cancer, but is bypassed in late-stage androgen receptor-negative prostate cancer","volume":"66","author":"Hermans","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0826","article-title":"Novel cardiac precursor-like cells from human menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal cells","volume":"26","author":"Hida","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2011.176","article-title":"ERG immunohistochemistry is not predictive for PSA recurrence, local recurrence or overall survival after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer","volume":"25","author":"Hoogland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01815-18","article-title":"TMPRSS2 contributes to virus spread and immunopathology in the airways of murine models after coronavirus infection","volume":"93","author":"Iwata-Yoshikawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0260","first-page":"8","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2004","volume":"54","author":"Jemal","year":"2004","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6537","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00094-12","article-title":"Simultaneous treatment of human bronchial epithelial cells with serine and cysteine protease inhibitors prevents severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry","volume":"86","author":"Kawase","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v10080392","article-title":"Redox biology of respiratory viral infections","author":"Khomich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.26.3.965-975.2006","article-title":"Phenotypic analysis of mice lacking the Tmprss2-encoded protease","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.2001.0216","article-title":"DHEA and its transformation into androgens and estrogens in peripheral target tissues","volume":"22","author":"Labrie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Intracrinol. Front Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.12.008","article-title":"Tumour heterogeneity and drug resistance: personalising cancer medicine through functional genomics","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4027","article-title":"Chemical castration and anti-androgens induce differential gene expression in prostate cancer","volume":"227","author":"Lehmusvaara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021650","article-title":"TMPRSS2\/ERG promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition through the ZEB1\/ZEB2 axis in a prostate cancer model","volume":"6","author":"Leshem","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.11.014","article-title":"Prospective multicentre evaluation of PCA3 and TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions as diagnostic and prognostic urinary biomarkers for prostate cancer","volume":"65","author":"Leyten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02145","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus","volume":"426","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1116480","article-title":"Structural biology: structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor. Science (80- )","volume":"309","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.21236","article-title":"Epigenetic deregulation of miR-29a and miR-1256 by isoflavone contributes to the inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth and invasion","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0320","first-page":"4180","article-title":"Prostate-localized and androgen-regulated expression of the membrane- bound serine protease TMPRSS2","volume":"59","author":"Lin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2972","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-022038","article-title":"Is the Achilles\u2019 heel for prostate cancer therapy a gain of function in androgen receptor signaling?","author":"Litvinov","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1086\/500469","article-title":"Two-year prospective study of the humoral immune response of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"193","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.12578","article-title":"TMPRSS2 Met160Val polymorphism: significant association with sporadic prostate cancer, but not with latent prostate cancer in Japanese men","volume":"21","author":"Maekawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028162","article-title":"ERG deregulation induces PIM1 over-expression and aneuploidy in prostate epithelial cells","volume":"6","author":"Magistroni","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5387","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-0876","article-title":"TMPRSS2-ERG-mediated feed-forward regulation of wild-type ERG in human prostate cancers","volume":"71","author":"Mani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0350","first-page":"604","article-title":"Chromosome rearrangement associated inactivation of tumour suppressor genes in prostate cancer","volume":"1","author":"Mao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3261","article-title":"Intra-tumour heterogeneity: a looking glass for cancer?","author":"Marusyk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12658","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01542-10","article-title":"Efficient activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein by the transmembrane protease TMPRSS2","volume":"84","author":"Matsuyama","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0365","article-title":"Trypsin treatment unlocks barrier for zoonotic bat coronavirus infection","volume":"94","author":"Menachery","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191010","article-title":"Regulation of influenza virus replication by Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling","volume":"13","author":"More","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0375","series-title":"Prostate Cancer EAU-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG Guidelines on","author":"Mottet","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-2308","article-title":"Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is a novel regulator of androgen receptor translation","volume":"69","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.278705","article-title":"MicroRNA let-7c suppresses androgen receptor expression and activity via regulation of myc expression in prostate cancer cells","volume":"287","author":"Nadiminty","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(02)00064-X","article-title":"Transition to androgen-independence in prostate cancer","author":"Navarro","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2013.07.002","article-title":"Stem cells and liver engineering","volume":"31","author":"Ordov\u00e1s","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1997.4845","article-title":"Cloning of the TMPRSS2 gene, which encodes a novel serine protease with transmembrane, LDLRA, and SRCR domains and maps to 21q22.3","volume":"44","author":"Paoloni-Giacobino","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.49.8386","article-title":"TMPRSS2: ERG gene fusion predicts subsequent detection of prostate cancer in patients with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"32","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10073","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01707-15","article-title":"Pim kinase interacts with nonstructural 5A protein and regulates hepatitis C virus entry","volume":"89","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7165","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-1448","article-title":"miR-21: an androgen receptor-regulated microRNA that promotes hormone-dependent and hormone-independent prostate cancer growth","volume":"69","author":"Ribas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.70.1.81","article-title":"Histone acetyltransferases","volume":"70","author":"Roth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.4.1.1563","article-title":"Androgens and prostate cancer: are the descriptors valid?","volume":"4","author":"Roy-Burman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3618","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-0540","article-title":"MiRNA-708 control of CD44+ prostate cancer-initiating cells","volume":"72","author":"Saini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.6.10.17727","article-title":"A DNA methylation microarray-based study identifies ERG as a gene commonly methylated in prostate cancer","volume":"6","author":"Schwartzman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0440","first-page":"313","article-title":"The peripheral zone of the prostate is more prone to tumor development than the transitional zone: is the ETS family the key?","volume":"5","author":"Shaikhibrahim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11876","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0505577102","article-title":"Inhibitors of cathepsin L prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry","volume":"102","author":"Simmons","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0450","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection induces EMT-like molecular changes, including ZEB1-mediated repression of the viral receptor ACE2, in lung cancer models","author":"Stewart","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27731","article-title":"Identification of ZNF217, hnRNP-K, VEGF-A and IPO7 as targets for microRNAs that are downregulated in prostate carcinoma","volume":"132","author":"Szczyrba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2013.176","article-title":"Identification of novel TMPRSS2:ERG mechanisms in prostate cancer metastasis: involvement of MMP9 and PLXNA2","volume":"33","author":"Tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30185-9","article-title":"A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.22600","article-title":"Upregulation of miR-153 promotes cell proliferation via downregulation of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in human prostate cancer","volume":"73","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.037","article-title":"The pathogenesis and treatment of the \u201cCytokine Storm\u201d in COVID-19","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5458","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.10.5458","article-title":"From HER2\/Neu signal cascade to androgen receptor and its coactivators: a novel pathway by induction of androgen target genes through MAP kinase in prostate cancer cells","volume":"96","author":"Yeh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2010.03.018","article-title":"An integrated network of androgen receptor, polycomb, and TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions in prostate cancer progression","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2012.1645","article-title":"microRNA-21 promotes tumor proliferation and invasion in gastric cancer by targeting PTEN","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.01.011","article-title":"Protease inhibitors targeting coronavirus and filovirus entry","volume":"116","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antiviral. Res."}],"container-title":["Infection, Genetics and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567134820305001?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567134820305001?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T20:49:33Z","timestamp":1778618973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567134820305001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":99,"alternative-id":["S1567134820305001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-1348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-1348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Covid-19 pathogenesis in prostatic cancer and TMPRSS2-ERG regulatory genetic pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104669","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104669"}}