{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:58:51Z","timestamp":1792040331929,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":168,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infection, Genetics and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T21:55:21Z","timestamp":1689198921000},"page":"105482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Genetic diversity and molecular diagnosis of Giardia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Yankai","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longxian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.1.324-328.1997","article-title":"Detection of viable Giardia cysts by amplification of heat shock-induced mRNA","volume":"63","author":"Abbaszadegan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.08.003","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Giardia psittaci by multilocus sequence analysis","volume":"12","author":"Abe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201300146","article-title":"Assessing calves as carriers of Cryptosporidium and Giardia with zoonotic potential on dairy and beef farms within a water catchment area by mutation scanning","volume":"34","author":"Abeywardena","year":"2013","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00024-19","article-title":"Giardia duodenalis: biology and pathogenesis","volume":"34","author":"Adam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-424","article-title":"The Giardia lamblia vsp gene repertoire: characteristics, genomic organization, and evolution","volume":"11","author":"Adam","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evt197","article-title":"Genome sequencing of Giardia lamblia genotypes A2 and B isolates (DH and GS) and comparative analysis with the genomes of genotypes A1 and E (WB and Pig)","volume":"5","author":"Adam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.56.6.1420-1423.1988","article-title":"Antigenic variation of Giardia lamblia in vivo","volume":"56","author":"Aggarwal","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0040","article-title":"Detection of giardia lamblia by microscopic examination, rapid chromatographic immunoassay test, and molecular technique","volume":"12","author":"Alharbi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.02.012","article-title":"A novel high-resolution multilocus sequence typing of Giardia intestinalis Assemblage A isolates reveals zoonotic transmission, clonal outbreaks and recombination","volume":"60","author":"Ankarklev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182012000388","article-title":"Rapid identification of Giardia duodenalis assemblages in NSW using terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism","volume":"139","author":"Asher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812002609","article-title":"Occurrence of pathogens in wild rodents caught on Swedish pig and chicken farms","volume":"141","author":"Backhans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.106109","article-title":"Development of HRM real-time PCR for assemblage characterization of Giardia lamblia","volume":"224","author":"Bahramdoost","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0065","first-page":"151","article-title":"New methods for the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium and Giardia","volume":"46","author":"Caccio","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2008.04.006","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of giardiasis","volume":"160","author":"Caccio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00068-1","article-title":"Sequence analysis of the beta-giardin gene and development of a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay to genotype Giardia duodenalis cysts from human faecal samples","volume":"32","author":"Caccio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.04.008","article-title":"Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis reveals striking differences between assemblages A and B","volume":"38","author":"Caccio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200999179X","article-title":"Identification of Giardia species and Giardia duodenalis assemblages by sequence analysis of the 5.8S rDNA gene and internal transcribed spacers","volume":"137","author":"Caccio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.12.001","article-title":"Host specificity in the Giardia duodenalis species complex","volume":"66","author":"Caccio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07325-2","article-title":"Zoonotic giardiasis: an update","volume":"120","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1084-y","article-title":"Population expansion and gene flow in Giardia duodenalis as revealed by triosephosphate isomerase gene","volume":"8","author":"Choy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2701.190676","article-title":"Estimate of burden and direct healthcare cost of infectious waterborne disease in the United States","volume":"27","author":"Collier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2772","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01771-14","article-title":"Giardia duodenalis cathepsin B proteases degrade intestinal epithelial interleukin-8 and attenuate interleukin-8-induced neutrophil chemotaxis","volume":"82","author":"Cotton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.856429","article-title":"Multilocus genotyping of giardia duodenalis in alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) in China","volume":"12","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(99)00067-6","article-title":"Rapid DNA extraction methods and new primers for randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Giardia duodenalis","volume":"37","author":"Deng","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.09.034","article-title":"Giardia duodenalis in humans and animals - transmission and disease","volume":"135","author":"Dixon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2001.01325.x","article-title":"Oligonucleotide probes for specific detection of Giardia lamblia cysts by fluorescent in situ hybridization","volume":"90","author":"Dorsch","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00173163","article-title":"The Giardia lamblia actin gene and the phylogeny of eukaryotes","volume":"41","author":"Drouin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Mol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giy003","article-title":"Giardia secretome highlights secreted tenascins as a key component of pathogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Dubourg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gigascience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006928","article-title":"Molecular genotyping, diversity studies and high-resolution molecular markers unveiled by microsatellites in Giardia duodenalis","volume":"12","author":"Durigan","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20765","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20765","article-title":"Induction of virulence factors in Giardia duodenalis independent of host attachment","volume":"6","author":"Emery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(93)90276-9","article-title":"Two genes encoding homologous 70-kDa surface proteins are present within individual trophozoites of the binucleate protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis","volume":"129","author":"Ey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000067081","article-title":"Differentiation of major genotypes of Giardia intestinalis by polymerase chain reaction analysis of a gene encoding a trophozoite surface antigen","volume":"106","author":"Ey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050068","article-title":"Comparison of genetic groups determined by molecular and immunological analyses of Giardia isolated from animals and humans in Switzerland and Australia","volume":"82","author":"Ey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182098003254","article-title":"Comparison of tsa417-like variant-specific surface protein (VSP) genes in Giardia intestinalis and identification of a novel locus in genetic group II isolates","volume":"117","author":"Ey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00033-10","article-title":"Zoonotic potential and molecular epidemiology of Giardia species and giardiasis","volume":"24","author":"Feng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000560","article-title":"Draft genome sequencing of giardia intestinalis assemblage B isolate GS: is human giardiasis caused by two different species?","volume":"5","author":"Franzen","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.485","article-title":"Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) for the analysis of genetic variation","volume":"1","author":"Gasser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91131-2","article-title":"Rapid reinfection by Giardia lamblia after treatment in a hyperendemic third world community","volume":"1","author":"Gilman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.228","article-title":"Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia carried by synanthropic flies by combined fluorescent in situ hybridization and a monoclonal antibody","volume":"68","author":"Graczyk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/137.4.1121","article-title":"Genetic linkage maps of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla using a pseudo-testcross: mapping strategy and RAPD markers","volume":"137","author":"Grattapaglia","year":"1994","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11010105","article-title":"Giardia duodenalis in wildlife: exploring genotype diversity in Italy and across Europe","volume":"11","author":"Guadano Procesi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5178","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.9.5178-5185.2003","article-title":"Real-time PCR for quantification of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in environmental water samples and sewage","volume":"69","author":"Guy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001442","article-title":"Novel structural components of the ventral disc and lateral crest in Giardia intestinalis","volume":"5","author":"Hagen","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90923-8","article-title":"Detection of HPV-16 by DNA dot blot hybridisation","volume":"2","author":"Hallam","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4006","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.13.4006","article-title":"Complete nucleotide sequence of the ribosomal RNA tandem repeat unit from Giardia intestinalis","volume":"18","author":"Healey","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2802-z","article-title":"Occurrence and distribution of Giardia species in wild rodents in Germany","volume":"11","author":"Helmy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11070764","article-title":"Development of a multilocus sequence typing scheme for Giardia intestinalis","volume":"11","author":"Higuera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2022.105212","article-title":"A review of the molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region","volume":"98","author":"Hijjawi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118209900428X","article-title":"PCR-based DNA fingerprinting of Giardia duodenalis isolates using the intergenic rDNA spacer","volume":"118","author":"Hopkins","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2009.04.002","article-title":"Multiple-subgenotype infections of Giardia intestinalis detected in Palestinian clinical cases using a subcloning approach","volume":"58","author":"Hussein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5347-0","article-title":"Nested PCR targeting intergenic spacer (IGS) in genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic infected Egyptian school children","volume":"116","author":"Hussein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.01.006","article-title":"Detection and molecular characterization of Giardia spp. in captive Psittaciformes in Brazil","volume":"164","author":"Ichikawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026368","article-title":"Evolution of the eukaryotic translation termination system: origins of release factors","volume":"17","author":"Inagaki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27713","DOI":"10.3402\/ijch.v74.27713","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in diarrhoeic patients in the Qikiqtani Region, Nunavut, Canada","volume":"74","author":"Iqbal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Circumpolar. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.74.6.602","article-title":"Waterborne giardiasis at a mountain resort: evidence for acquired immunity","volume":"74","author":"Istre","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-543","article-title":"Genome analysis and comparative genomics of a Giardia intestinalis assemblage E isolate","volume":"11","author":"Jerlstrom-Hultqvist","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2021.106279","article-title":"Detection and identification of Giardia species using real-time PCR and sequencing","volume":"189","author":"Jothikumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.12.013","article-title":"Multi-locus analysis of Giardia duodenalis from nonhuman primates kept in zoos in China: geographical segregation and host-adaptation of assemblage B isolates","volume":"30","author":"Karim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4523","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.12.4523-4525.2001","article-title":"Evaluation of ColorPAC Giardia\/Cryptosporidium rapid assay and ProSpecT Giardia\/Cryptosporidium microplate assay for detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in fecal specimens","volume":"39","author":"Katanik","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2009.47.3.287","article-title":"Evaluation of alpha-tubulin as an antigenic and molecular probe to detect Giardia lamblia","volume":"47","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Korean J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0305","first-page":"9","article-title":"Real-time PCR for molecular detection of zoonotic and non-zoonotic Giardia spp. in wild rodents","author":"Klotz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05615-x","article-title":"Extensive testing of a multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Giardia duodenalis assemblage A confirms its good discriminatory power","volume":"15","author":"Klotz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0315","article-title":"Highly contiguous genomes of human clinical isolates of Giardia duodenalis reveal assemblage- and sub-assemblage-specific presence-absence variation in protein-coding genes","volume":"9","author":"Klotz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201300100","article-title":"Genetic characterization of selected parasites from people with histories of gastrointestinal disorders using a mutation scanning-coupled approach","volume":"34","author":"Koehler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0325","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing of dog-specific assemblages C and D of Giardia duodenalis from single and pooled cysts indicates host-associated genes","volume":"5","author":"Kooyman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60844-2","article-title":"Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the global enteric multicenter study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study","volume":"382","author":"Kotloff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00936463","article-title":"Host specificity of Giardia muris isolates from mouse and golden hamster","volume":"78","author":"Kunstyr","year":"1992","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811002767","article-title":"Mixed Giardia duodenalis assemblage infections in children and adults in South India","volume":"140","author":"Laishram","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/1040-840291046713","article-title":"Current trends in research into the waterborne parasite Giardia","volume":"28","author":"Lane","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2009.00443.x","article-title":"Genetic exchange within and between assemblages of Giardia duodenalis","volume":"56","author":"Lasek-Nesselquist","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Eukaryot. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.02.015","article-title":"The identification of a new Giardia duodenalis assemblage in marine vertebrates and a preliminary analysis of G. duodenalis population biology in marine systems","volume":"40","author":"Lasek-Nesselquist","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.11.003","article-title":"From mouse to moose: multilocus genotyping of Giardia isolates from various animal species","volume":"168","author":"Lebbad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0365","article-title":"Companion animals as a potential source of Giardia intestinalis infection in humans in the Czech Republic - a pilot study","volume":"21","author":"Lecova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2006.44.4.343","article-title":"Detection and genotyping of Giardia intestinalis isolates using intergenic spacers(IGS)-based PCR","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Korean J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.08.011","article-title":"Giardia duodenalis: improved detection of viable cysts by reverse transcription-PCR of heat shock-inducible hsp70 gene","volume":"123","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91791-8","article-title":"Total genomic DNA probe to detect Giardia lamblia","volume":"336","author":"Lewis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02004","article-title":"Giardia duodenalis infections in humans and other animals in China","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0390","article-title":"Role of rodents in the zoonotic transmission of giardiasis","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"One Health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2018.1451284","article-title":"Secreted Giardia intestinalis cysteine proteases disrupt intestinal epithelial cell junctional complexes and degrade chemokines","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1042\/bse0510177","article-title":"Mechanisms of adaptation in the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia","volume":"51","author":"Lujan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.1994.tb00109.x","article-title":"Analysis of population genetic structure with RAPD markers","volume":"3","author":"Lynch","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2786-8","article-title":"A new species of Giardia Kunstler, 1882 (Sarcomastigophora: Hexamitidae) in hamsters","volume":"11","author":"Lyu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9081644","article-title":"RAA-Cas12a-Tg: a nucleic acid detection system for toxoplasma gondii based on CRISPR-Cas12a combined with recombinase-aided amplification (RAA)","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0909","article-title":"Rectal swabs as an alternative sample collection method to bulk stool for the real-time PCR detection of giardia duodenalis","volume":"103","author":"Maasch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3456","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.57.12.3456-3461.1991","article-title":"Detection of Giardia cysts by using the polymerase chain reaction and distinguishing live from dead cysts","volume":"57","author":"Mahbubani","year":"1991","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.1.74-78.1992","article-title":"Differentiation of Giardia duodenalis from other Giardia spp. by using polymerase chain reaction and gene probes","volume":"30","author":"Mahbubani","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trt042","article-title":"Detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia (oo)cysts by IFA, PCR and LAMP in surface water from Rasht, Iran","volume":"107","author":"Mahmoudi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.6.2081-2085.1996","article-title":"Evaluation of PCR, nested PCR, and fluorescent antibodies for detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium species in wastewater","volume":"62","author":"Mayer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0582-5","article-title":"Current progress and future opportunities in applications of bioinformatics for biodefense and pathogen detection: report from the Winter mid-Atlantic microbiome meet-up, College Park, MD, January 10, 2018","volume":"6","author":"Meisel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000065021","article-title":"Molecular genetic analysis of Giardia intestinalis isolates at the glutamate dehydrogenase locus","volume":"112","author":"Monis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026204","article-title":"Molecular systematics of the parasitic protozoan Giardia intestinalis","volume":"16","author":"Monis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-1348(02)00149-1","article-title":"Genetic diversity within the morphological species Giardia intestinalis and its relationship to host origin","volume":"3","author":"Monis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.11.006","article-title":"Variation in Giardia: towards a taxonomic revision of the genus","volume":"25","author":"Monis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(93)90303-8","article-title":"RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) analysis of Giardia DNA and correlation with isoenzyme data","volume":"87","author":"Morgan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1143837","article-title":"Genomic minimalism in the early diverging intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia","volume":"317","author":"Morrison","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S271","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis762","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between Giardia lamblia and endemic pediatric diarrhea in developing countries","volume":"55","author":"Muhsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmt085","article-title":"Can Giardia lamblia infection lower the risk of acute diarrhea among preschool children?","volume":"60","author":"Muhsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Trop. Pediatr."},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1986.051.01.032","article-title":"Specific enzymatic amplification of DNA in vitro: the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"51","author":"Mullis","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4362","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.11.4362","article-title":"Antigenic variation of Giardia lamblia in experimental human infections","volume":"144","author":"Nash","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Immunol. (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2017.08.001","article-title":"Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections in neonatal reindeer calves: relation to the acute phase response","volume":"54","author":"Niine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200900480","article-title":"Analysis of nucleotide variation within the triose-phosphate isomerase gene of Giardia duodenalis from sheep and its zoonotic implications","volume":"31","author":"Nolan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201100283","article-title":"Barcoding of Giardia duodenalis isolates and derived lines from an established cryobank by a mutation scanning-based approach","volume":"32","author":"Nolan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.12.027","article-title":"Molecular-based investigation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from animals in water catchments in southeastern Australia","volume":"47","author":"Nolan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E63","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.12.e63","article-title":"Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA","volume":"28","author":"Notomi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-141","article-title":"A large community outbreak of waterborne giardiasis-delayed detection in a non-endemic urban area","volume":"6","author":"Nygard","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0424-7","article-title":"A powerful, non-invasive test to rule out infection","volume":"4","author":"O\u2019Grady","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1086\/517776","article-title":"A DNA-based probe for differentiation of Giardia lamblia group A and B isolates from northern India","volume":"28","author":"Paintlia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00215038","article-title":"Development of reliable PCR-based markers linked to downy mildew resistance genes in lettuce","volume":"85","author":"Paran","year":"1993","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2003.08.003","article-title":"Genetic characterization by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD) of 18 isolates of Giardia lamblia obtained from day care children","volume":"104","author":"Pelayo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.138800","article-title":"Association between enteropathogens and malnutrition in children aged 6-23 mo in Bangladesh: a case-control study","volume":"105","author":"Platts-Mills","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1391-3","article-title":"Rapid identification of Giardia duodenalis by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) from faecal and environmental samples and comparative findings by PCR and real-time PCR methods","volume":"104","author":"Plutzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2010.06.005","article-title":"Giardia taxonomy, phylogeny and epidemiology: facts and open questions","volume":"213","author":"Plutzer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2009.02758.x","article-title":"Combination of ARAD microfibre filtration and LAMP methodology for simple, rapid and cost-effective detection of human pathogenic Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in drinking water","volume":"50","author":"Plutzer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020691618797","article-title":"Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) polymorphism and its application in plant breeding","volume":"128","author":"Pradeep Reddy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0575","first-page":"185","article-title":"A phylogenomic inventory of meiotic genes; evidence for sex in Giardia and an early eukaryotic origin of meiosis","volume":"15","author":"Ramesh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2004.02.001","article-title":"Discrimination of all genotypes of Giardia duodenalis at the glutamate dehydrogenase locus using PCR-RFLP","volume":"4","author":"Read","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.03.018","article-title":"Detection and molecular characterization of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) stranded along the Galician coast (Northwest Spain)","volume":"202","author":"Reboredo-Fernandez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.3.2212-2217.2006","article-title":"Application of genotyping during an extensive outbreak of waterborne giardiasis in Bergen, Norway, during autumn and winter 2004","volume":"72","author":"Robertson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(03)00083-X","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Brazilian human Giardia duodenalis isolates using isoenzyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis","volume":"46","author":"Rocha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.1.106-114.1997","article-title":"Comparison of primers and optimization of PCR conditions for detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in water","volume":"63","author":"Rochelle","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.06.001","article-title":"Zoonotic potential of Giardia","volume":"43","author":"Ryan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2019.07.002","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of giardiasis from a veterinary perspective","volume":"106","author":"Ryan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2018.07.003","article-title":"Giardia: an under-reported foodborne parasite","volume":"49","author":"Ryan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2021.08.007","article-title":"Taxonomy and molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium and Giardia - a 50 year perspective (1971-2021)","volume":"51","author":"Ryan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2448875","article-title":"Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase","volume":"239","author":"Saiki","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.02.015","article-title":"Giardia and cryptosporidium join the \u2018neglected diseases initiative\u2019","volume":"22","author":"Savioli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02275-20","article-title":"Hidden diversity within common protozoan parasites as revealed by a novel genomotyping scheme","volume":"87","author":"Seabolt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00117.x","article-title":"Use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis for the identification of Giardia intestinalis subtypes and phylogenetic tree construction","volume":"50","author":"Sedinova","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Eukaryot. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0645","first-page":"204","article-title":"Genotype characteristics of giardia duodenalis in patients using high resolution melting analysis technique in Khorramabad, Iran","volume":"15","author":"Sepahvand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(97)00111-2","article-title":"Molecular methods for diagnosis and epidemiological studies of parasitic infections","volume":"27","author":"Singh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.02.009","article-title":"Tools for investigating the environmental transmission of Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in humans","volume":"22","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.07.015","article-title":"Cryptosporidium and Giardia as foodborne zoonoses","volume":"149","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109115","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. from dogs and coyotes in an urban landscape suggests infrequent occurrence of zoonotic genotypes","volume":"281","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12020316","article-title":"Influence of selected factors on the survival assessment and detection of giardia intestinalis DNA in axenic culture","volume":"12","author":"Smogula","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.001","article-title":"Genetic variability and transcontinental sharing of Giardia duodenalis infrapopulations determined by glutamate dehydrogenase gene","volume":"177","author":"Spotin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0911.030084","article-title":"Triosephosphate isomerase gene characterization and potential zoonotic transmission of Giardia duodenalis","volume":"9","author":"Sulaiman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1645\/19-183","article-title":"Feline giardiasis in Turkey: prevalence and genetic and haplotype diversity of giardia duodenalis based on the beta-giardin gene sequence in symptomatic cats","volume":"106","author":"Sursal","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-168","article-title":"Population-based analyses of Giardia duodenalis is consistent with the clonal assemblage structure","volume":"5","author":"Takumi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4081","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4636-3","article-title":"Development of a rapid HRM genotyping method for detection of dog-derived Giardia lamblia","volume":"114","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-4948-y","article-title":"PCR-RFLP method to detect zoonotic and host-specific Giardia duodenalis assemblages in dog fecal samples","volume":"115","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00127-2","article-title":"Giardiasis as a re-emerging infectious disease and its zoonotic potential","volume":"30","author":"Thompson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394303-3.00003-7","article-title":"Giardia--from genome to proteome","volume":"78","author":"Thompson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0715","first-page":"3","article-title":"Beaver fever: whole-genome characterization of waterborne outbreak and sporadic isolates to study the zoonotic transmission of giardiasis","author":"Tsui","year":"2018","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.07.030","article-title":"Comparison of five diagnostic tests for Giardia duodenalis in fecal samples from young dogs","volume":"244","author":"Uehlinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.2307\/3284485","article-title":"The sequence of Giardia small subunit rRNA shows that voles and muskrats are parasitized by a unique species Giardia microti","volume":"84","author":"van Keulen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00181-4","article-title":"Presence of human Giardia in domestic, farm and wild animals, and environmental samples suggests a zoonotic potential for giardiasis","volume":"108","author":"van Keulen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.04.017","article-title":"A real-time assemblage-specific PCR assay for the detection of Giardia duodenalis assemblages A, B and E in fecal samples","volume":"211","author":"Van Lith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05288-6","article-title":"Population genetic structure and phenotypic diversity of Aspidodera raillieti (Nematoda: Heterakoidea), a parasite of Didelphini marsupials in Brazil\u2019s South and Southeast Atlantic Forest","volume":"15","author":"Varella","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46802-8","article-title":"Host specificity drives genetic structure in a freshwater mussel","volume":"9","author":"Wacker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3262","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.7.3262-3271.2004","article-title":"Detection and genotyping of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum by oligonucleotide microarray","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0755","article-title":"Microbiome-metabolomics analysis of the impacts of cryptosporidium muris infection in BALB\/C mice","volume":"e0217522","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msac150","article-title":"Sympatric recombination in zoonotic cryptosporidium leads to emergence of populations with modified host preference","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(92)90096-3","article-title":"Classification of subgroups of Giardia lamblia based upon ribosomal RNA gene sequence using the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"54","author":"Weiss","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007003071","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of Giardia duodenalis sequence data","volume":"134","author":"Wielinga","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2015.05.002","article-title":"Identification of polymorphic genes for use in assemblage B genotyping assays through comparative genomics of multiple assemblage B Giardia duodenalis isolates","volume":"201","author":"Wielinga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105430","article-title":"Proposed taxonomic revision of Giardia duodenalis","volume":"111","author":"Wielinga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6531","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.22.6531","article-title":"DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers","volume":"18","author":"Williams","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009277","article-title":"Suitability of current typing procedures to identify epidemiologically linked human Giardia duodenalis isolates","volume":"15","author":"Woschke","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2017.09.002","article-title":"Molecular epidemiologic tools for waterborne pathogens Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis","volume":"8-9","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0800","article-title":"The compact genome of Giardia muris reveals important steps in the evolution of intestinal protozoan parasites","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/200209165","article-title":"PCR-RFLP analysis of Giardia intestinalis using a Giardia-specific gene, GLORF-C4","volume":"9","author":"Yong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.05.012","article-title":"Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolated from patients in Egypt","volume":"196","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04709-2","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas12a-based on-site diagnostics of Cryptosporidium parvum IId-subtype-family from human and cattle fecal samples","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0820","article-title":"The controversies surrounding Giardia intestinalis assemblages a and B","volume":"1","author":"Zajaczkowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Parasitol. Vector. Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-3064-x","article-title":"Application of HRM assays with EvaGreen dye for genotyping Giardia duodenalis zoonotic assemblages","volume":"111","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0830","article-title":"Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in captive non-human primates from 12 zoos in China","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.104912","article-title":"High genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis assemblage E in Chinese dairy cattle","volume":"92","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482_bb0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.7.1942-1943.1995","article-title":"Comparison of conventional stool concentration and preserved-smear methods with Merifluor Cryptosporidium\/Giardia direct immunofluorescence assay and ProSpecT Giardia EZ microplate assay for detection of Giardia lamblia","volume":"33","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Infection, Genetics and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567134823000801?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1567134823000801?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T14:58:48Z","timestamp":1761577128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1567134823000801"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":168,"alternative-id":["S1567134823000801"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-1348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-1348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Genetic diversity and molecular diagnosis of Giardia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105482","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105482"}}