{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T11:46:13Z","timestamp":1778931973399,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,28]],"date-time":"2005-04-28T13:14:18Z","timestamp":1114694058000},"page":"243-252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["High risk of schizophrenia and other mental disorders associated with chlamydial infections: Hypothesis to combine drug treatment and adoptive immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Fellerhoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Laumbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Wank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.128.3.302","article-title":"Mental illness in the biological and adoptive families of adpoted schizophrenics","volume":"128","author":"Kety","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.1999.0766","article-title":"Psychological issues in the treatment of asthmatic patients","volume":"94","author":"Centanni","year":"2000","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.41.6.472","article-title":"Depression in Korean immigrants with hepatitis B and related liver diseases","volume":"41","author":"Kunkel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib4","first-page":"137","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric manifestations of typhoid fever","volume":"38","author":"Venkatesh","year":"1989","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.1997.tb00145.x","article-title":"Spectrum of neuropsychiatric complications in 791 cases of typhoid fever","volume":"2","author":"Ali","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib6","first-page":"68","article-title":"Dementia-paranoid syndrome as the initial manifestation of AIDS. Case report and diagnostic overview","volume":"67","author":"Sobanski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1002298","article-title":"Paranoid hallucinatory psychoses as the first manifestation of HIV infection","volume":"62","author":"Grehl","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(02)00163-9","article-title":"Schizophrenia and other mental disorders require long-term adoptive immunotherapy","volume":"59","author":"Wank","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"Pt. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-49-2-415","volume":"49","author":"Everett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90348-8","article-title":"Molecular mimicry in T cell-mediated autoimmunity: viral peptides activate human T cell clones specific for myelin basic protein","volume":"80","author":"Wucherpfennig","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4271","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.9.4271","article-title":"Presentation of proteolipid protein epitopes and B7-1-dependent activation of encephalitogenic T cells by IFN-gamma-activated SJL\/J astrocytes","volume":"160","author":"Tan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5959","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.11.5959","article-title":"Astrocytes express elements of the class II endocytic pathway and process central nervous system autoantigen for presentation to encephalitogenic T cells","volume":"161","author":"Soos","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(200003)30:1<74::AID-GLIA8>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Distinct patterns of stimulus-inducible chemokine mRNA accumulation in human fetal astrocytes and microglia","volume":"30","author":"Hua","year":"2000","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00251-8","article-title":"Neuronal plasticity and cellular immunity: shared molecular mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Boulanger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1428","article-title":"Immune signalling in neural development, synaptic plasticity and disease","volume":"5","author":"Boulanger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20117","article-title":"Differential activation of astrocytes by innate and adaptive immune stimuli","volume":"49","author":"Carpentier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10259","article-title":"Cytokine, chemokine and growth factor gene profiling of cultured human astrocytes after exposure to proinflammatory stimuli","volume":"43","author":"Meeuwsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib18","first-page":"8","article-title":"The immune system our sixth sense","volume":"2","author":"Blalock","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Immunologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1982.tb01459.x","article-title":"Rapid responses of lymphocytes in an optimized mixed lymphocyte culture","volume":"19","author":"Wank","year":"1982","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3001","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.11.3001-3008.2001","article-title":"Effects of azithromycin and rifampin on Chlamydia trachomatis infection in vitro","volume":"45","author":"Dreses-Werringloer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1994.tb02376.x","article-title":"SSOP typing of the Tenth International Histocompatibility Workshop reference cell lines for HLA-C alleles","volume":"44","author":"Levine","year":"1994","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1085-1093.2000","article-title":"Touchdown enzyme time release-PCR for detection and identification of Chlamydia trachomatis, C. pneumoniae, and C. psittaci using the 16S and 16S-23S spacer rRNA genes","volume":"38","author":"Madico","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-43-3-610","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationship of Chlamydia pneumoniae to Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia trachomatis as determined by analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA sequences","volume":"43","author":"Gaydos","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-47-2-461","article-title":"The ribosomal intergenic spacer and domain I of the 23S rRNA gene are phylogenetic markers for Chlamydia spp","volume":"47","author":"Everett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-47-2-425","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Chlamydia based on 16S rRNA gene sequences","volume":"47","author":"Pudjiatmoko","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(01)00537-8","article-title":"Prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Italian patients with acute ischaemic heart disease","volume":"159","author":"Sessa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02654-4","article-title":"Adoptive immunotherapy to lower postsurgical recurrence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised trial","volume":"356","author":"Takayama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90741-6","article-title":"Serological evidence of an association of a novel Chlamydia, TWAR, with chronic coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infraction","volume":"2","author":"Saikku","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib29","first-page":"15","article-title":"Azithromycin pharmacokinetics and penetration to lymph","volume":"83","author":"Bergan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.138.6.498","article-title":"Study of HLA antigens among Japanese schizophrenics","volume":"138","author":"Asaka","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1979.01780020121014","article-title":"HLA antigens and schizophrenia","volume":"36","author":"Crowe","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib32","first-page":"939","article-title":"Schizophrenia and the tissue histocompatibility system. Demonstration of the rise of A9 and CW4 antigens in paranoid schizophrenia","volume":"2","author":"Julien","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Med Psychol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1159\/000117496","article-title":"Schizophrenia susceptibility and HL-A antigen","volume":"1","author":"Eberhard","year":"1975","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(97)00148-5","article-title":"Potential role for the narcolepsy- and multiple sclerosis-associated HLA allele DQB1\u22170602 in schizophrenia subtypes","volume":"30","author":"Grosskopf","year":"1998","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.40.3.217","article-title":"Significant frequency deviation of the class I polymorphism HLA-A10 in schizophrenic patients","volume":"40","author":"Laumbacher","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib36","first-page":"190","article-title":"Increased psychiatric comorbidity in Borna disease virus seropositive psychiatric patients","volume":"98","author":"Bechter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Belg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.1.131","article-title":"Viruses, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder","volume":"8","author":"Yolken","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4634","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.061021998","article-title":"Retroviral RNA identified in the cerebrospinal fluids and brains of individuals with schizophrenia","volume":"98","author":"Karlsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6303","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.11.6303","article-title":"Cutting edge: clonally restricted production of the neurotrophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 mRNA by human immune cells and Th1\/Th2-polarized expression of their receptors","volume":"162","author":"Besser","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200002)30:2<541::AID-IMMU541>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Acellular components of Chlamydia pneumoniae stimulate cytokine production in human blood mononuclear cells","volume":"30","author":"Netea","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.04.009","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and Tourette\u2019s syndrome","volume":"129","author":"Muller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01599.x","article-title":"Serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptors in neuroleptic-na\u00efve schizophrenic subjects and in medicated schizophrenic subjects with and without tardive dyskinesia","volume":"90","author":"Rapaport","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.9.1408","article-title":"Elevated CSF levels of interleukin-2 in neuroleptic-free schizophrenic patients","volume":"150","author":"Licinio","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.9.1291","article-title":"Increases in CSF levels of interleukin-2 in schizophrenia: effects of recurrence of psychosis and medication status","volume":"152","author":"McAllister","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Network of immune\u2013neuroendocrine interactions","volume":"27","author":"Besedovsky","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8180","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402268101","article-title":"T cell deficiency leads to cognitive dysfunction: implications for therapeutic vaccination for schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions","volume":"101","author":"Kipnis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2004.05.014","article-title":"Is there an association between the use of heeled footwear and schizophrenia?","volume":"63","author":"Flensmark","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"}],"container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987705001623?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987705001623?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T02:51:08Z","timestamp":1683082268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306987705001623"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306987705001623"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.03.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-9877","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}}}