{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:54:47Z","timestamp":1791899687273,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,26]],"date-time":"2005-08-26T11:27:24Z","timestamp":1125055644000},"page":"1062-1066","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["\u201cNanobacterium sanguineum\u201d \u2013 Is it a new life-form in search of human ailment or commensal: Overview of its transmissibility and chemical means of intervention"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Bhupat D.","family":"Rawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Mari\u00e9","family":"Pretorius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib1","series-title":"The calcium bomb, the nanobacteria link to heart disease and cancer 2005","first-page":"26","article-title":"The nanobacteria detectives","author":"Mulhall","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1115","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00075.2004","article-title":"Evidence of nanobacterial-like structures in calcified human arteries and cardiac valves","volume":"287","author":"Miller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-003-0304-7","article-title":"Characteristics of nanobacteria and their positive role in stone formation","volume":"31","author":"Kajander","year":"2003","journal-title":"Urol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2003.99","article-title":"Coronary artery calcification in black women and white women","volume":"145","author":"Khurana","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00755.x","article-title":"Nanobacteria: an infectious cause for kidney stone formation","volume":"56","author":"Ciftcioglu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8274","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.14.8274","article-title":"Nanobacteria: an alternative mechanism for pathogenic intra- and extracellular calcification and stone formation","volume":"95","author":"Kajander","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.7.2077-2086.2002","article-title":"Inhibition of nanobacteria by antimicrobial drugs as measured by a modified microdilution method","volume":"46","author":"Ciftcioglu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib8","first-page":"855","article-title":"Microinfections and kidney lithiasis","volume":"54","author":"Conte","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Esp Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00096.x","article-title":"Endotoxin and nanobacteria in polycystic kidney disease","volume":"57","author":"Hjelle","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib10","first-page":"421","article-title":"Detection of nanobacteria in serum, bile and gallbladder mucosa of patients with cholesystolithiasis patients","volume":"118","author":"Wen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000150062.60633.b2","article-title":"Anti-nanobacterial therapy for men with chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and prostatic stones: Preliminary experience","volume":"173","author":"Shoskes","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2004.06.001","article-title":"Calcification in coronary artery disease can be reversed by EDTA\u2013tetracycline long-term chemotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Maniscalco","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0463.2003.1111006.x","article-title":"Nanobacteria promote crystallization of psammoma bodies in ovarian cancer","volume":"111","author":"Sedivy","year":"2003","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-004-0072-6","article-title":"Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate and basic calcium phosphate crystal-induced arthropathies: update on pathogenesis, clinical features and therapy","volume":"6","author":"Ea","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1017\/S104161029000028X","article-title":"A quantitative study of intracranial calcification in dementia of the Alzheimer type","volume":"2","author":"Friedland","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib16","first-page":"130","article-title":"Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Africa","volume":"12","author":"Vermund","year":"2004","journal-title":"Top HIV Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.72.9.1221","article-title":"Periodontal infections contribute to elevated systemic C-reactive protein level","volume":"72","author":"Noack","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib18","first-page":"102","article-title":"Is urinary tract infection a predisposing factor for renal stone formation?","volume":"5","author":"Kumar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nepal Med Coll J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.67105.x","article-title":"A potential cause for kidney stone formation during space flights: enhanced growth of nanobacteria in microgravity","volume":"67","author":"Ciftcioglu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2004.00242.x","article-title":"HIV and Nanobacteria","volume":"5","author":"Pretorius","year":"2004","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib21","unstructured":"Coutsoudis A. Method of feeding and transmission of HIV-from mothers to children by 15 months of age: prospective cohort study in Durban (Abstract LbOr6). In: 13th international AIDS conference, July 9\u201314, 2000, Durban, South Africa."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1053\/j.spid.2003.09.003","article-title":"Advances in prevention of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"14","author":"Mofenson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1974.tb50784.x","article-title":"Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by ascorbic acid acting singly and in combination with antimicrobials: in-vitro and in-vivo studies","volume":"1","author":"Rawal","year":"1974","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib24","first-page":"1670","article-title":"Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by ascorbic acid acting alone and in combination with erythromycin: role of magnesium ions","volume":"2","author":"Rawal","year":"1974","journal-title":"IRCS Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.21.2.367-368.1971","article-title":"Combined action of sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"21","author":"Rawal","year":"1971","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib26","first-page":"1093","article-title":"Prevention of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency type 1 virus in a managed care setting","volume":"90","author":"Regensberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2903","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200012220-00012","article-title":"An effective and safe protocol involving ziduvodine and caesarean section to reduce vertical transmission of HIV-1 infection","volume":"14","author":"Grosch-Worner","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib28","first-page":"67","article-title":"Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1: advances and controversies of the twentieth centuries","volume":"6","author":"Scarlatti","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/57.17.1616","article-title":"Update on preventing vertical transmission of HIV type 1","volume":"57","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05467.x","article-title":"The role of antiretrovirals and drug resistance in vertical transmission of HIV-1 infection","volume":"918","author":"Brenner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/15.1.34","article-title":"Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in developing countries: recommendations for practice. The ghent international working group on mother-to-child transmission of HIV","volume":"15","author":"Dabis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"}],"container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987705003518?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987705003518?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T06:45:24Z","timestamp":1586414724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306987705003518"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306987705003518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.06.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-9877","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}}}