{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T16:50:43Z","timestamp":1649177443777},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,11]],"date-time":"2006-06-11T12:28:30Z","timestamp":1150028910000},"page":"434-438","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Environmental discontinuity hypothesis: Buffer dysfunctions as a source of human disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Yun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.2741\/cleaver","article-title":"UV damage, DNA repair and skin carcinogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Cleaver","year":"2002","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/95.11.806","article-title":"Melanocytic nevi, solar keratoses, and divergent pathways to cutaneous melanoma","volume":"95","author":"Whiteman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2955","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.22.2955","article-title":"Broad-spectrum sunscreen use and the development of new nevi in white children: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"283","author":"Gallagher","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(02)00092-0","article-title":"Epidemiology of malignant melanoma","volume":"83","author":"Desmond","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.8-5-459","article-title":"The melanoma epidemic: res ipsa loquitur","volume":"8","author":"Beddingfield","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2003.06.001","article-title":"Melanoma in children and adolescents","volume":"39","author":"Pappo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.20086","article-title":"The Australian experience in sun protection and screening for melanoma","volume":"86","author":"McCarthy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib8","first-page":"52","article-title":"Melanoma and other skin cancers in circumpolar areas","volume":"59","author":"Oikarinen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Circumpolar Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-199502000-00007","article-title":"Is the use of sunscreens a risk factor for malignant melanoma?","volume":"5","author":"Westerdahl","year":"1995","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0215(20000701)87:1<145::AID-IJC22>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Sunscreen use and malignant melanoma","volume":"87","author":"Westerdahl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.15.1304","article-title":"Sunscreen use and duration of sun exposure: a double-blind, randomized trial","volume":"91","author":"Autier","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"Suppl. 61","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.146.s61.9.x","article-title":"Cutaneous malignant melanoma, sun exposure, and sunscreen use: epidemiological evidence","volume":"146","author":"Bastuji-Garin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-12-200312160-00006","article-title":"Sunscreen use and the risk for melanoma: a quantitative review","volume":"139","author":"Dennis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.6.745","article-title":"The end of the sunscreen and melanoma controversy?","volume":"140","author":"Bigby","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"6 Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1697S","article-title":"Nutritional rickets among children in the United States: review of cases reported between 1986 and 2003","volume":"80","author":"Weisberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-199311000-00002","article-title":"How much melanoma is caused by sun exposure?","volume":"3","author":"Armstrong","year":"1993","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"5652","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1126\/science.302.5652.1886","article-title":"Nutrition. The vitamin D deficit","volume":"302","author":"Stokstad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1390-7","article-title":"Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in elderly women in Italy: clinical consequences and risk factors","volume":"14","author":"Isaia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1067\/S0022-3476(03)00410-4","article-title":"25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels among healthy children in Alaska","volume":"143","author":"Gessner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji019","article-title":"Sun exposure and mortality from melanoma","volume":"97","author":"Berwick","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji047","article-title":"Sunlight and reduced risk of cancer: is the real story vitamin D?","volume":"97","author":"Egan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04960.x","article-title":"Vitamin D and systemic cancer: is this relevant to malignant melanoma?","volume":"147","author":"Osborne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2004.09.015","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation: effects on risks of prostate cancer and other internal cancers","volume":"571","author":"Moon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020422901108","article-title":"Mounting evidence for vitamin D as an environmental factor affecting autoimmune disease prevalence","volume":"229","author":"Cantorna","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-108-3-1083","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and malignant melanoma: the presence of receptors and inhibition of cell growth in culture","volume":"108","author":"Colston","year":"1981","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-200308000-00002","article-title":"Antiapoptotic action of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in primary human melanocytes","volume":"13","author":"Sauer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib27","first-page":"498","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms are associated with altered prognosis in patients with malignant melanoma","volume":"6","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2079rev","article-title":"The cutaneous serotoninergic\/melatoninergic system: securing a place under the sun","volume":"19","author":"Slominski","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2003.00707.x","article-title":"Serum melatonin levels following enucleation and transpupillary thermotherapy in patients with choroidal melanoma","volume":"31","author":"Kiratli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1993.1137","article-title":"Melatonin inhibits proliferation and melanogenesis in rodent melanoma cells","volume":"206","author":"Slominski","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-200104000-00016","article-title":"Direct antiproliferative effects of melatonin on two metastatic cell sublines of mouse melanoma (B16BL6 and PG19)","volume":"11","author":"Cos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-199702000-00005","article-title":"Melatonin inhibits growth of cultured human uveal melanoma cells","volume":"7","author":"Hu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2004.00119.x","article-title":"MT-1 melatonin receptor expression increases the antiproliferative effect of melatonin on S-91 murine melanoma cells","volume":"36","author":"Kadekaro","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-199111000-00003","article-title":"Melatonin therapy of advanced human malignant melanoma","volume":"1","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1991","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-200304000-00002","article-title":"Pharmacological action of high doses of melatonin on B16 murine melanoma cells depends on cell number at time of exposure","volume":"13","author":"Yerneni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(03)00040-3","article-title":"Malignant melanoma and levodopa in Parkinson\u2019s disease: causality or coincidence?","volume":"9","author":"Fiala","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.25.9.861","article-title":"Normalization of brain serotonin by l-tryptophan in levodopa-treated rats","volume":"25","author":"Fahn","year":"1975","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2004.11.030","article-title":"The therapeutic effects of dopamine replacement therapy and its psychiatric side effects are mediated by pineal function","volume":"160","author":"Willis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanzleiter T, Schneider T, Walter I, Bolze F, Eickhorst C, Heldmaier G, Klaus S, Klingenspor M. Evidence for NR4A1 as a cold-induced effector of brown fat thermogenesis. Physiol Genomics; 2005 Oct 11 [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00204.2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2004.02.030","article-title":"Temporal variation of autonomic balance and diseases during circadian, seasonal, reproductive, and lifespan cycles","volume":"63","author":"Yun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01218.2004","article-title":"Cold weather exercise and airway cytokine expression","volume":"98","author":"Davis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2004.01.001","article-title":"The spectrum of acquired and familial cold-induced urticaria\/urticaria-like syndromes","volume":"24","author":"Wanderer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1159\/000073089","article-title":"Improvement of mild inflammatory changes of the facial skin induced by winter environment with daily applications of a moisturizing cream. A half-side test of biophysical skin parameters, cytokine expression pattern and the formation of cornified envelope","volume":"207","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L524","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.2001.281.3.L524","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia: cell to system","volume":"281","author":"Prabhakar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01304.2004","article-title":"Modulation of the contractile responses of guinea pig isolated tracheal rings after chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia with and without cold exposure","volume":"99","author":"Chakrabarty","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2004.08.023","article-title":"Can thromboembolism be the result, rather than the inciting cause, of acute vascular events such as stroke, pulmonary embolism, mesenteric ischemia, and venous thrombosis?: a maladaptation of the prehistoric trauma response","volume":"64","author":"Yun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2004.02.004","article-title":"Acute coronary syndromes and heart failure may reflect maladaptations of trauma physiology that was shaped during pre-modern evolution","volume":"62","author":"Yun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-10-200411160-00010","article-title":"The physiologic basis of high-altitude diseases","volume":"141","author":"West","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-005-1368-6","article-title":"Sleep disturbance at simulated altitude indicated by stratified respiratory disturbance index but not hypoxic ventilatory response","volume":"94","author":"Kinsman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2004.11.013","article-title":"The dynamic range of biologic functions and variation of many environmental cues may be declining in the modern age: implications for diseases and therapeutics","volume":"65","author":"Yun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1159\/000083296","article-title":"Mortality of multiple sclerosis in Spain: demonstration of a north-South gradient","volume":"24","author":"Llorca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-003-0200-5","article-title":"Seasonal variation of multiple sclerosis exacerbations in Japan","volume":"24","author":"Ogawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(91)90014-P","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis and latitude: a new perspective on an old association","volume":"36","author":"Rosen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(96)90002-X","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: sunlight, diet, immunology and aetiology","volume":"46","author":"Hutter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.02.007","article-title":"The incorporation of iodine in thyroid hormone may stem from its role as a prehistoric signal of ecologic opportunity: an evolutionary perspective and implications for modern diseases","volume":"65","author":"Yun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.970320406","article-title":"Changes of cell behavior by near-infrared signals","volume":"32","author":"Albrecht-Buehler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell Motil Cytoskeleton"}],"container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987706002970?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987706002970?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]],"date-time":"2019-04-19T08:57:58Z","timestamp":1555664278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306987706002970"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306987706002970"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.049","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-9877","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}}}