{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T14:28:44Z","timestamp":1792160924864,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,3]],"date-time":"2006-10-03T12:04:53Z","timestamp":1159877093000},"page":"303-307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The process of spermatogenesis liberates significant heat and the scrotum has a role in body thermoregulation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"K.P.","family":"Skandhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Rajahariprasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib1","first-page":"5","article-title":"The histology of the retained testes in the human subject at different ages and its comparison with the testes","volume":"64","author":"Copper","year":"1929","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib2","first-page":"329","article-title":"Sur le testicule an ectopic","volume":"38","author":"Bronca","year":"1902","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1924.68.1.70","article-title":"Scrotum as a temperature regulator for the testis","volume":"68","author":"Moore","year":"1924","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib4","first-page":"6","article-title":"A histological survey in 24 cases of retained testes in the adult","volume":"63","author":"Pace","year":"1936","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-193511000-00007","article-title":"The undescended testes","volume":"102","author":"Wangemsteen","year":"1935","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib6","series-title":"Gray\u2019s anatomy","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)55999-8","article-title":"Increase in testicular temperature in case of cryptorchidism in boys","volume":"59","author":"Meiusset","year":"1933","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib8","first-page":"202","article-title":"Pseudo male infertility: traditionary, customary and occupational hazards","volume":"66","author":"Skandhan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Urologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib9","first-page":"891","article-title":"Le zinc dans le plasma seminal","volume":"80","author":"Skandhan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Rev Fr Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib10","series-title":"Text book of medical physiology","author":"Guyton","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib11","series-title":"Principles of anatomy and physiology","author":"Tortora","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib12","series-title":"Male reproductive function and semen","author":"Mann","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib13","series-title":"Human semen and fertility regulation in men","article-title":"Functional aspects of epididymis","author":"Hafez","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib14","series-title":"Human physiology: an integrated approach","author":"Silverthorn","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib15","series-title":"NMS physiology","author":"Bullock","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pp.46.060195.001533","article-title":"Cell cycle control","volume":"46","author":"Jacobs","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.61.070192.002301","article-title":"Animal cell cycles and their control","volume":"61","author":"Norbury","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib18","series-title":"Plant physiology","article-title":"Plant and cell architecture","author":"Taiz","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib19","series-title":"Harper\u2019s biochemistry","article-title":"Bioenergetics and the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Bioenergetics, the role of ATP","author":"Mayer","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib20","series-title":"Review of medical physiology","author":"Ganong","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib21","series-title":"Ham\u2019s histology","author":"Cormack","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib22","first-page":"214","article-title":"Relation of vascular heat exchange to temperature regulation in the testes of the ram","volume":"2","author":"Waites","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib23","series-title":"Campbell\u2019s urology","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(03)00238-X","article-title":"Hypothesis: epididymis inhibits sperm motility inside male reproductive tract","volume":"62","author":"Skandhan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/biolreprod\/15.1.9","article-title":"Changes in plasma testosterone levels during the annual reproductive cycle of the hibernating rat, myotis lucifugus lucifugus with a survey of plasma testosterone levels in adult male vertebrates","volume":"15","author":"Gustafson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biol Repord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)59600-9","article-title":"Association of scrotal hypothermia with impaired spermatogenesis in infertile men","volume":"48","author":"Mieusset","year":"1987","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib27","series-title":"Cryptorchidism and related anomalies","author":"Marshal","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)38400-X","article-title":"Etiologic factors in 1294 consecutive cases of male infertility","volume":"22","author":"Dubin","year":"1971","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)57531-X","article-title":"Experience with 425 subfertile male patients","volume":"119","author":"Greenberg","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib30","series-title":"Pathology of infertility","author":"Ivan","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)90839-9","article-title":"Chronic scrotal hypothermia as a treatment for poor semen quality","author":"Zorgniotti","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38822-5","article-title":"Adolescent varicocele: objective indications for treatment","volume":"142","author":"Kass","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1981.tb00604.x","article-title":"Early ultra structural findings in experimentally produced varicocele in the monkey testes","volume":"2","author":"Fussel","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110252","article-title":"Influence of surgically induced varicocele on testicular blood flow; temperature and histology in adult rats and dogs","volume":"68","author":"Saypol","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)40032-4","article-title":"Studies in temperature, human semen quality and varicocele","volume":"24","author":"Zorgniotti","year":"1973","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib36","series-title":"Infertility in the male","article-title":"Varicocele: current concepts and treatment","author":"Nagler","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib37","unstructured":"Editorial. Pathogenesis and treatment of varicoceles. Controversy still surrounds surgical treatment. Br Med J 2004;328:967\u201368."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1999.00353.x","article-title":"The effect of microsurgical varicocelectomy on serum follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone and free testosterone levels in infertile men with varicocele","volume":"84","author":"Cayan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Urol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0060001","article-title":"Free factors affecting testicular metabolism and function","volume":"6","author":"Van Denmark","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)44248-2","article-title":"Infrared thermometry for testicular temperature determinations","volume":"32","author":"Zorgniotti","year":"1979","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"}],"container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030698770600555X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030698770600555X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T01:46:27Z","timestamp":1683596787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S030698770600555X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S030698770600555X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.058","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-9877","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}}}