{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T04:10:30Z","timestamp":1780459830708,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,30]],"date-time":"2007-04-30T14:49:55Z","timestamp":1177944595000},"page":"1064-1069","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["l-Ornithine phenylacetate (OP): A novel treatment for hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Jalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.A.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.J.","family":"Hodges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferenci P, Lockwood A, Mullen K, Tarter R, Weissenborn K, Blei AT. Hepatic encephalopathy \u2013 definition, nomenclature, diagnosis, and quantification: final report of the working party at the 11th world congresses of gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998. Hepatology 2002;35:716\u201321.","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.31250"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840150615","article-title":"Electron microscopic study of brain capillaries in cerebral edema from fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"15","author":"Kato","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300428","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow and the development of ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis","volume":"30","author":"Master","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01966135","article-title":"Ueber den ammoniakgehalt des blutes under der organe und die harnstoffbildung bei den saugethieren","volume":"37","author":"Nencki","year":"1896","journal-title":"Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-005-7205-0","article-title":"Ammonia and hepatic encephalopathy: the more things change, the more they remain the same","volume":"20","author":"Shawcross","year":"2005","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290309","article-title":"Cerebral herniation in patients with acute liver failure is correlated with arterial ammonia concentration","volume":"29","author":"Clemmesen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)12440-6","article-title":"Moderate hypothermia for uncontrolled intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure","volume":"354","author":"Jalan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.29310","article-title":"Cerebral metabolism of ammonia and amino acids in patients with fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"121","author":"Strauss","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1987.67.2.440","article-title":"Biochemistry and physiology of brain ammonia","volume":"67","author":"Cooper","year":"1987","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80110-5","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: a clinical manifestation of astrocyte swelling and low-grade cerebral edema","volume":"32","author":"Haussinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80361-4","article-title":"Pathophysiology of cerebral edema in fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"31","author":"Blei","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-005-7911-7","article-title":"Mechanisms of ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling","volume":"20","author":"Norenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90552-5","article-title":"Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies on human brain myo-inositol in hypo-osmolarity and hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"107","author":"Haussinger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38048.506134.EE","article-title":"Non-absorbable disaccharides for hepatic encephalopathy: systematic review of randomised trials","volume":"328","author":"Als-Nielsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17832-5","article-title":"Dispelling myths in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"365","author":"Shawcross","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.03.023","article-title":"Normal protein diet for episodic hepatic encephalopathy: results of a randomized study","volume":"41","author":"Cordoba","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021945515514","article-title":"Increased extracellular brain glutamate in acute liver failure: decreased uptake or increased release","volume":"17","author":"Rose","year":"2002","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00440.2005","article-title":"Interorgan ammonia, glutamate and glutamine trafficking in pigs with acute liver failure","author":"Ytrebo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(76)90365-2","article-title":"Ammonia production by the small intestine of the rat","volume":"437","author":"McFarlane Anderson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(02)00040-2","article-title":"Interorgan ammonia metabolism in liver failure","volume":"41","author":"Olde Damink","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50221","article-title":"The kidney plays a major role in the hyperammonemia seen after simulated or actual GI bleeding in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"37","author":"Olde Damink","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020741226752","article-title":"Effect of portacaval anastomosis on glutamine synthetase protein and gene expression in brain, liver and skeletal muscle","volume":"14","author":"Desjardins","year":"1999","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0900073","article-title":"Bed rest decreases whole-body protein turnover in post-absorptive man","volume":"90","author":"Bettany","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Sci (London)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib24","first-page":"208","article-title":"Renal ammoniagenesis and tissue glutamine, glutamine synthetase, and glutaminase I levels in potassium-deficient rats","volume":"82","author":"Ching","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20030357","article-title":"Reversal of diuretic-induced hepatic encephalopathy with infusion of albumin but not colloid","volume":"106","author":"Jalan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80553-7","article-title":"Effects of ornithine aspartate on plasma ammonia and plasma amino acids in patients with cirrhosis. A double-blind, randomized study using a four-fold crossover design","volume":"19","author":"Staedt","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250609","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of l-ornithine-l-aspartate infusions in patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy: results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind study","volume":"25","author":"Kircheis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300311","article-title":"l-ornithine-l-aspartate lowers plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ammonia and prevents brain edema in rats with acute liver failure","volume":"30","author":"Rose","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00998474","article-title":"Ammonia toxicity: comparative protective effect of various arginine and ornithine derivatives, aspartate, benzoate, and carbamyl glutamate","volume":"1","author":"Zieve","year":"1986","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/291378a0","article-title":"The treatment of inborn errors of the urea cycle","volume":"291","author":"Smith","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987707002071?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987707002071?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,27]],"date-time":"2019-04-27T15:53:54Z","timestamp":1556380434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306987707002071"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306987707002071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.12.061","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-9877","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}}}