{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:10:39Z","timestamp":1789391439792,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]],"date-time":"2007-04-20T16:07:33Z","timestamp":1177085253000},"page":"1098-1101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["How did the ancestral HIV-1 group M retrovirus get to Leopoldville from southeastern Cameroon?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"G.E.","family":"Parris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1126531","article-title":"Chimpanzee reservoirs of pandemic and non-pandemic HIV-1","volume":"313","author":"Keele","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033_bib2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Unsolved questions over the origin of HIV and AIDS: Although HIV originated in non-human primates, we do not understand how it became a successful pathogen in its human host","volume":"71","author":"Marx","year":"2005","journal-title":"ASM News"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.2307\/1542965","article-title":"Origins and evolution of AIDS viruses","volume":"196","author":"Sharp","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0280275","article-title":"Origins and evolution of AIDS viruses: estimating the time-scale","volume":"28","author":"Sharp","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5472.1789","article-title":"Timing the ancestor of the HIV-1 pandemic strains","volume":"288","author":"Korber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2001.0864","article-title":"The origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Darwinian or Lamarchian?","volume":"356","author":"Burr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2003.12.004","article-title":"Hypothesis links emergence of chloroquine-resistant malaria and other intracellular pathogens and suggests a new strategy for treatment of diseases caused by intracellular parasites","volume":"62","author":"Parris","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.011","article-title":"AIDS: caused by development of resistance to drugs in a non-target intracellular parasite","volume":"68","author":"Parris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033_bib9","unstructured":"Parris GE. Mechanism and history of evolution of symbiotic HIV strains into lethal pandemic strains: the key event may have been a 1927 trial of pamaquine in Leopoldville (Kinshasa), Congo. Med Hypotheses; in press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.34.90061.1","article-title":"Studies on the treatment of human trypanosomiasis with tryparsamide","volume":"6","author":"Pearce","year":"1921","journal-title":"J Expt Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2307\/1155796","article-title":"La Maladie du Sommeil au Cameroun Africa","volume":"3","author":"Jamot","year":"1930","journal-title":"J Int Afr Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033_bib12","first-page":"31","article-title":"Current recrudescence of human trypanosomiasis in the Sangha focus (basin) in the Congo","volume":"85","author":"Jannin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033_bib13","first-page":"331","article-title":"Epidemiology and developmental aspects of trypanosomiasis in the source of the Sangha, Congo","volume":"68","author":"Noireau","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Soc Belg Med Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033_bib14","first-page":"728","article-title":"Nouvelle medication du paludisme par plasmoquine","volume":"12 October","author":"Van den Branden","year":"1927","journal-title":"Bul Soc Pathol Exot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199410000-00006","article-title":"Genotypic subtypes of HIV-1 in Cameroon","volume":"8","author":"Nkengasong","year":"1994","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890470315","article-title":"Biological phenotypes of HIV-1 subtypes A and B strains of diverse origins","volume":"47","author":"Nkengasong","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000219784.81163.2e","article-title":"Genetic analysis of HIV-1 strains in rural eastern Cameroon indicates the evolution of second-generation recombinants to circulating recombinant forms","volume":"42","author":"Konings","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050050645","article-title":"Genetic diversity of HIV-1 group M from Cameroon and Republic of Congo","volume":"144","author":"Mboudjeka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Virol"}],"container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987707001922?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987707001922?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]],"date-time":"2019-01-08T03:23:15Z","timestamp":1546917795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306987707001922"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306987707001922"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.02.033","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-9877","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}}}