{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T01:13:36Z","timestamp":1760404416758},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]],"date-time":"2011-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,9]],"date-time":"2011-03-09T15:26:01Z","timestamp":1299684361000},"page":"653-660","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A novel embryological theory of autism causation involving endogenous biochemicals capable of initiating cellular gene transcription: A possible link between twelve autism risk factors and the autism \u2018epidemic\u2019"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Chiara R.","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0005","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Pervasive developmental disorders. In: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000. p. 69\u201370."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0010","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders \u2013 Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 2006. Surveillance Summaries, December 18, 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2009;58(NoSS-10)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0015","first-page":"217","article-title":"Autistic disturbances of affective contact","volume":"2","author":"Kanner","year":"1943","journal-title":"Nervous Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1994.tb11856.x","article-title":"Autism in thalidomide embryopathy: a population study","volume":"36","author":"Str\u00f6mland","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(97)80001-U","article-title":"Linking etiologies in humans and animal models: studies of autism","volume":"11","author":"Rodier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.118.4.1063","article-title":"Loss of Hox-A1 (Hox-1.6) function results in the reorganization of the murine hindbrain","volume":"118","author":"Carpenter","year":"1993","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.119.2.319","article-title":"Two rhombomeres are altered in Hoxa-1 mutant mice","volume":"119","author":"Mark","year":"1993","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1017\/S001216220100038X","article-title":"Fetal valproate syndrome and autism: additional evidence of an association","volume":"43","author":"Williams","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2004.11.001","article-title":"The teratology of autism","volume":"23","author":"Arndt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Dev Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.3.1021","article-title":"Retinoids in embryonal development","volume":"80","author":"Ross","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07849.x","article-title":"Effects of retinoic acid excess on expression of Hox-2.9 and Krox-20 and on morphological segmentation in the hindbrain of mouse embryos","volume":"10","author":"Morriss-Kay","year":"1991","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.113.4.1159","article-title":"Retinoic acid modifies development of the midbrain\u2013hindbrain border and affects cranial ganglion formation in zebrafish embryos","volume":"113","author":"Holder","year":"1991","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.113.4.1145","article-title":"Retinoic acid causes abnormal development and segmental patterning of the anterior hindbrain in Xenopus embryos","volume":"113","author":"Papalopulu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020422900602","article-title":"Biological roles of alpha-fetoprotein during pregnancy and perinatal development","volume":"229","author":"Mizejewski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1159\/000074477","article-title":"Low-dose thalidomide treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma [Abstract]","volume":"65","author":"Hsu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2004.09.006","article-title":"Neuroanatomic observations of the brain in autism: a review and future directions","volume":"23","author":"Bauman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Dev Neurosci"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7610","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-20-07610.2003","article-title":"The meninges is a source of retinoic acid for the late-developing hindbrain","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(83)80205-8","article-title":"Action of the antiepileptic drug, valproic acid, on fatty acid oxidation in isolated rat hepatocytes","volume":"115","author":"Coud\u00e9","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.49.4.405","article-title":"Valproate causes metabolic disturbance in normal man","volume":"49","author":"Turnbull","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1624","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein protects the developing female mouse brain from masculinization and defeminization by estrogens","volume":"9","author":"Bakker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-106-1-306","article-title":"Plasma testosterone and progesterone titers of pregnant rats, their male and female fetuses, and neonatal offspring [Abstract]","volume":"106","author":"Weisz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod53.5.1198","article-title":"Free estradiol in serum and brain uptake of estradiol during fetal and neonatal sexual differentiation in female rats","volume":"53","author":"Montano","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1210\/rp.57.1.357","article-title":"Estrogen actions throughout the brain","volume":"57","author":"McEwen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Recent Prog Horm Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.02.011","article-title":"Gender-specific behavioral and immunological alterations in an animal model of autism induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid","volume":"33","author":"Schneider","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.6.1790","article-title":"The molecular and neuroanatomical basis for estrogen effects in the central nervous system","volume":"84","author":"McEwen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocr Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1210\/er.20.3.279","article-title":"Estrogen actions in the central nervous system","volume":"20","author":"McEwen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(98)00022-X","article-title":"Comorbid anxiety symptoms in children with pervasive developmental disorders [Abstract]","volume":"12","author":"Muris","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015640","article-title":"Associations of postural knowledge and basic motor skill with dyspraxia in autism: implication for abnormalities in distributed connectivity and motor learning","volume":"23","author":"Dowell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.136.10.1310","article-title":"The incidence of seizures among children with autistic symptoms [Abstract]","volume":"136","author":"Deykin","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040500350938","article-title":"Autism and attention deficit disorder: assessing attention and response control with the integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test","volume":"12","author":"Corbett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s101940050011","article-title":"Pain reactivity in children with autistic disorder [Abstract]","volume":"1","author":"Militerni","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-199608000-00008","article-title":"The serotonin system in autism","volume":"8","author":"Cook","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.2307\/1131734","article-title":"Intact and impaired memory functions in autism","volume":"67","author":"Bennetto","year":"1996","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"Pt 10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2430","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh561","article-title":"Enhanced and diminished visuo-spatial information processing in autism depends on stimulus complexity","volume":"128","author":"Bertone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4677","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.12.4677","article-title":"Estrogen: consequences and implications of human mutations in synthesis and action","volume":"84","author":"Grumbach","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0180","first-page":"2877","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein derived from a human hepatoma prevents growth of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer xenografts","volume":"4","author":"Bennett","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009691","article-title":"Levels of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in pregnant women and subsequent breast cancer risk","volume":"148","author":"Richardson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.12.1001","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein levels in maternal serum during pregnancy and maternal breast cancer incidence","volume":"92","author":"Melbye","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.160.5.7682378","article-title":"Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: results in 146 patients","volume":"160","author":"Shiina","year":"1993","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0200","first-page":"473","article-title":"Prediction of fetal alcohol syndrome by maternal alpha-fetoprotein, human placental lactogen and pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein [Abstract]","volume":"1","author":"Halmesm\u00e4ki","year":"1987","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol Suppl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1992.tb01417.x","article-title":"Autism in fetal alcohol syndrome: a report of six cases [Abstract]","volume":"16","author":"Nanson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(83)80012-9","article-title":"Rapid and selective shutoff of plasma protein production in herpes simplex virus type 2-infected hepatoma cells [Abstract]","volume":"126","author":"Isom","year":"1983","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708213370801","article-title":"The acquisition of herpes simplex virus during pregnancy","volume":"337","author":"Brown","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01537741","article-title":"Autism in children with congenital rubella","volume":"1","author":"Chess","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Autism Child Schizophr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02409660","article-title":"Autism and congenital cytomegalovirus [Abstract]","volume":"14","author":"Stubbs","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2650621","article-title":"Interleukin-6 and the acute phase response","volume":"265","author":"Heinrich","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2530927","article-title":"Effects of dimethyl sulphoxide on the synthesis of plasma proteins in the human hepatoma HepG2. Induction of an acute-phase-like reaction","volume":"253","author":"Iwasa","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0240","first-page":"70","article-title":"Effect of cytokines on glycosylation of acute phase proteins in human hepatoma cell lines","volume":"75","author":"Mackiewicz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02900219","article-title":"Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plasma levels in depression and schizophrenia: comparison between the acute state and after remission [Abstract]","volume":"247","author":"Frommberger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1159\/000119136","article-title":"Psychoimmune investigation in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: assays of plasma transferrin, IL-2 and IL-6 receptor, and IL-1 beta and IL-6 concentrations [Abstract]","volume":"30","author":"Maes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1357","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2296","article-title":"Parental psychiatric disorders associated with autism spectrum disorders in the offspring","volume":"121","author":"Daniels","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00131-0","article-title":"Elevated serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-6 receptor concentrations in posttraumatic stress disorder following accidental man-made traumatic events","volume":"45","author":"Maes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-005-5037-8","article-title":"Timing of prenatal stressors and autism","volume":"35","author":"Beversdorf","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(02)00027-8","article-title":"IL-6 in autoimmune disease and chronic inflammatory proliferative disease [Abstract]","volume":"13","author":"Ishihara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e420","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.5.e420","article-title":"Increased prevalence of familial autoimmunity in probands with pervasive developmental disorders","volume":"112","author":"Sweeten","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1994.tb06148.x","article-title":"Histamine induces IL-6 production by human endothelial cells","volume":"98","author":"Delneste","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.159.2.151","article-title":"Maternal autoimmune diseases, asthma and allergies, and autism spectrum disorders: a case-control study","volume":"159","author":"Croen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00889.x","article-title":"Hypothyroidism and autism spectrum disorders [Abstract]","volume":"33","author":"Gillberg","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7863","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)90344-4","article-title":"Hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013thyroid axis in breast cancer [Abstract]","volume":"303","author":"Mittra","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-0796-9_20","article-title":"Iodine and mammary cancer","volume":"91","author":"Eskin","year":"1977","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02408286","article-title":"Minor physical anomalies in childhood autism. Part I. Their relationship to pre- and perinatal complications [Abstract]","volume":"10","author":"Links","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01486973","article-title":"Brief report: ear infections in autistic and normal children [Abstract]","volume":"17","author":"Konstantareas","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01531604","article-title":"Differences in sex ratios in autism as a function of measured intelligence","volume":"15","author":"Lord","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(20000410)91:4<245::AID-AJMG1>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Value of a clinical morphology examination in autism","volume":"91","author":"Miles","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1989.tb04031.x","article-title":"Asperger syndrome in 23 Swedish children [Abstract]","volume":"31","author":"Gillberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2007.02.001","article-title":"Elevated rates of testosterone-related disorders in women with autism spectrum conditions","volume":"51","author":"Ingudomnukul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1159\/000094467","article-title":"A clinical and laboratory evaluation of methionine cycle-transsulfuration and androgen pathway markers in children with autistic disorders","volume":"66","author":"Geier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2003.12.002","article-title":"2nd to 4th Digit ratios, fetal testosterone and estradiol","volume":"77","author":"Lutchmaya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-6383(02)00094-2","article-title":"Foetal testosterone and eye contact in 12-month-old human infants","volume":"25","author":"Lutchmaya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infant Behav Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00349.x","article-title":"Foetal testosterone, social relationships, and restricted interests in children","volume":"46","author":"Knickmeyer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021466929053","article-title":"The heritability of testosterone: a study of Dutch adolescent twins and their parents","volume":"28","author":"Harris","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90199-X","article-title":"The nuclear receptor superfamily: the second decade","volume":"83","author":"Mangelsdorf","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300518","article-title":"Behavioral alterations in rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid: animal model of autism","volume":"30","author":"Schneider","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-37-1-1","article-title":"The quantitative relationship between stilbestrol response and dietary \u201cfolic acid\u201d in the chick [Abstract]","volume":"37","author":"Hertz","year":"1945","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0375","first-page":"61","article-title":"Vicissitudes of a vitamin","volume":"4","author":"Scheindlin","year":"2001","journal-title":"MDD"},{"issue":"8164","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)90886-7","article-title":"Possible prevention of neural-tube defects by periconceptional vitamin supplementation [Abstract]","volume":"1","author":"Smithells","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6275","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.282.6275.1509","article-title":"Double-blind randomised controlled trial of folate treatment before conception to prevent recurrence of neural-tube defects","volume":"282","author":"Laurence","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212243272602","article-title":"Prevention of the first occurrence of neural-tube defects by periconceptional vitamin supplementation","volume":"327","author":"Czeizel","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0395","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Recommendations for the use of folic acid to reduce the number of cases of spina bifida and other neural tube defects. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1992;41(RR-14):1\u20137."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0400","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Food standards: amendment of standards of identity for enriched grain products to require addition of folic acid. Federal Register 1996;61:8781\u201397."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0405","unstructured":"California Department of Developmental Services. Changes in the population of persons with autism and pervasive developmental disorders in California\u2019s developmental services system: 1987 through 1998: a report to the Legislature. Sacramento: California Health and Human Services Agency, Department of Developmental Services 1999."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0410","unstructured":"Byrd RS, Sage AC, Keyzer J, et al. Report to the Legislature on the principal findings from the epidemiology of autism in California: a comprehensive pilot study. Davis (CA): Mind Institute 2002 Oct 17."},{"issue":"9298","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)07104-5","article-title":"Quantifying the effect of folic acid","volume":"358","author":"Wald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8982","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91743-8","article-title":"Mutated methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase as a risk factor for spina bifida [Abstract]","volume":"346","author":"van der Put","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0004.2003.00161.x","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to neural tube defect pregnancy varies with offspring phenotype","volume":"64","author":"Relton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/94.3.159","article-title":"Reduced vitamin B12 binding by transcobalamin II increases the risk of neural tube defects","volume":"94","author":"Afman","year":"2001","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.19.1.217","article-title":"Homocysteine metabolism","volume":"19","author":"Selhub","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0440","first-page":"106","article-title":"Association of MTHFR gene variants with autism","volume":"9","author":"Boris","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Physicians Surgeons"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30366","article-title":"Metabolic endophenotype and related genotypes are associated with oxidative stress in children with autism","volume":"141B","author":"James","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2008.04.013","article-title":"Has enhanced folate status during pregnancy altered natural selection and possibly Autism prevalence? A closer look at a possible link","volume":"71","author":"Rogers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ulrey CL, Liu L, Andrews LG, Tollefsbol TO. The impact of metabolism on DNA methylation. Hum Mol Genet 2005;14 Spec No 1:R139\u201347.","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddi100"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120108","article-title":"The neurological syndrome of infantile cobalamin deficiency: developmental regression and involuntary movements [Abstract]","volume":"12","author":"Grattan-Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-37082","article-title":"Psychomotor retardation, spastic paraplegia, cerebellar ataxia and dyskinesia associated with low 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in cerebrospinal fluid: a novel neurometabolic condition responding to folinic acid substitution","volume":"33","author":"Ramaekers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0470","first-page":"3462","article-title":"In utero supplementation with methyl donors enhances allergic airway disease in mice","volume":"118","author":"Hollingsworth","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2008.142448","article-title":"Folic acid supplements in pregnancy and early childhood respiratory health","volume":"94","author":"H\u00e5berg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp315","article-title":"Effect of supplemental folic acid in pregnancy on childhood asthma: a prospective birth cohort study","volume":"170","author":"Whitrow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0485","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Asthma prevalence and control characteristics by race\/ethnicity \u2013 United States, 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2004;53:145\u20138."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0490","first-page":"1","article-title":"Food allergy among US children: trends in prevalence and hospitalizations","volume":"10","author":"Branum","year":"2008","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0495","first-page":"3573","article-title":"Accelerated age-related CpG island methylation in ulcerative colitis","volume":"61","author":"Issa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/108.9.1377","article-title":"Lucy Wills (1888\u20131964). A biographical sketch","volume":"108","author":"Roe","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Nutr"}],"container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987711000260?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987711000260?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T04:56:49Z","timestamp":1637384209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306987711000260"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306987711000260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.01.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-9877","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}}}