{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T22:34:16Z","timestamp":1768775656643,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,29]],"date-time":"2012-02-29T06:05:12Z","timestamp":1330495512000},"page":"649-656","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Relative size of the eye and orbit: An evolutionary and craniofacial constraint model for examining the etiology and disparate incidence of juvenile-onset myopia in humans"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Masters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2001.0468","article-title":"Unique morphology of the human eye and its adaptive meaning: comparative studies on external morphology of the primate eye","volume":"40","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(00)00025-7","article-title":"The eyes have it: neuroethology, function and evolution of social gaze","volume":"24","author":"Emery","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8644(2000)43:31+<117::AID-AJPA5>3.3.CO;2-9","article-title":"The primate cranial base: ontogeny, function, and integration","volume":"43","author":"Lieberman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Yearb of Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0380","article-title":"Masticatory stress, orbital orientation and the evolution of the primate postorbital bar","volume":"38","author":"Ravosa","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1995.1057","article-title":"Allometric and functional influences on primate orbit orientation and the origins of the Anthropoids","volume":"29","author":"Ross","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.20095","article-title":"Human and nonhuman primate brains: are they allometrically scaled versions of the same design?","volume":"15","author":"Rilling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Evol Anthropol: Issues, News, Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0035","series-title":"An introduction to human evolutionary anatomy","author":"Aiello","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065467","article-title":"Cell proliferation without neurogenesis in adult primate","volume":"294","author":"Kornack","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neocortex Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-007-0227-8","article-title":"Craniofacial morphological microevolution of Holocene populations in northern China","volume":"52","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin Sci Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15335","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2536671100","article-title":"Ecephalization and allometric trajectories in the genus Homo: evidence from the Neandertal and modern lineages","volume":"100","author":"Bruner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330180406","article-title":"A functional approach to craniology","volume":"18","author":"Moss","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-007-0434-2","article-title":"Cranial shape and size variation in human evolution: structural and functional perspectives","volume":"23","author":"Bruner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Childs Nervous System"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0065","series-title":"Essentials of facial growth","author":"Enlow","year":"1996"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00644.x","article-title":"Craniofacial levels and the morphological maturation of the human skull","volume":"209","author":"Bastir","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2004.08.009","article-title":"Facial heights: evolutionary relevance of postnatal ontogeny for facial orientation and skull morphology in humans and chimpanzees","volume":"47","author":"Bastir","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20191","article-title":"Hierarchical nature of morphological integration and modularity in the human posterior face","volume":"128","author":"Bastir","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330900203","article-title":"Effects of annular cranial vault modification on the cranial base and face","volume":"90","author":"Kohn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/30227","article-title":"Sphenoid shortening and the evolution of modern human cranial shape","volume":"393","author":"Lieberman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0335","article-title":"Basicranial influence on overall cranial shape","volume":"38","author":"Lieberman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20442","article-title":"Three-dimensional procrustes analysis of modern human craniofacial form","volume":"290","author":"Badawi-Fayad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anat Rec-Adv Integr Anat Evol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(200001)111:1<105::AID-AJPA7>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Frontal and facial flatness of major human populations","volume":"111","author":"Hanihara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2003.00159.x","article-title":"Is eye size related to orbit size in human subjects?","volume":"24","author":"Chau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330260138","article-title":"The size of the orbit and of the eye in primates","volume":"26","author":"Schultz","year":"1940","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1834-4453.1987.tb00166.x","article-title":"Pleistocene homogeneity and Holocene size reduction: the Australian human skeletal evidence","volume":"22","author":"Brown","year":"1987","journal-title":"Archaeology in Oceania"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1537\/ase.00072","article-title":"Post-Pleistocene diachronic change in East Asian facial skeletons: the size, shape and volume of the orbits","volume":"112","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anthropological Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330450308","article-title":"Temporal variation in prehistoric Nubiancrania","volume":"45","author":"Carlson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330460316","article-title":"Masticatory function and post-Pleistocene evolution in Nubia","volume":"46","author":"Carlson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0140","first-page":"395","article-title":"Decrease of human skull size in the Holocene","volume":"60","author":"Henneberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1996.0056","article-title":"The question of robusticity and the relationship between cranial size and shape in Homo sapiens","volume":"31","author":"Lahr","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330670208","article-title":"Diachronic variation in cranial thickness","volume":"67","author":"Smith","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0155","unstructured":"Kidder JH, Jantz RL, Smith FH. Defining modern humans: a multivariate approach. In:. Br\u00e4uer G, Smith FH, editors. Continuity or replacement, Rotterdam: Balkema; 1992. p. 157\u2013177."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2005.11.037","article-title":"Myopia as a latent phenotype of a pleiotropic gene positively selected for facilitating neurocognitive development, and the effects of environmental factors in its expression","volume":"66","author":"Mak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0165","series-title":"The anatomy and histology of the Human Eyeball in the normal state, its development and senescence","author":"Salzmann","year":"1912"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0170","first-page":"1","article-title":"The weight and growth of the human eyeball","volume":"12","author":"Todd","year":"1940","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0175","series-title":"A biography of the eye: development, age","author":"Weale","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiss L. Uber das Wachstum des menschlichenAuges. Anatom. Hefte, Bd. 8. 1897.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02243538"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0185","unstructured":"Masters MP. Modern variation and evolutionary change in the hominin eye orbit. PhD Thesis. OhioLINK digital resource commons. <http:\/\/www.drc.ohiolink.edu\/handle\/2374.OX\/107528>; 2009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V33N1p21","article-title":"Evidence for an \u2018\u2018epidemic\u201d of myopia","volume":"33","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199008000-00015","article-title":"Rates of childhood myopia progression with bifocals as a function of nearpointphoria: consistency of three studies","volume":"67","author":"Goss","year":"1990","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199906000-00016","article-title":"A 2-year longitudinal study of myopia progression and optical component changes among Hong Kong school children","volume":"76","author":"Lam","year":"1999","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2001.790303.x","article-title":"The development of myopia in Hong Kong children","volume":"79","author":"Goldschmidt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702701","article-title":"Ethnic differences in refraction and ocular biometry in a population-based sample of 11\u201315 year-old Australian children","volume":"22","author":"Ip","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112889","article-title":"The epidemiology of myopia","volume":"11","author":"Angle","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0220","series-title":"Clinical management of myopia","author":"Grosvenor","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0225","first-page":"2794","article-title":"Myopia and myopic progression among schoolchildren: a three-year follow-up study","volume":"34","author":"Parssinen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0230","unstructured":"Working Group on Myopia Prevalence and Progression. Myopia: prevalence and progression. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1989."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2002.800203.x","article-title":"An evolutionary analysis of the aetiology and pathogenesis of juvenile-onset myopia","volume":"80","author":"Cordain","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0240","series-title":"Myopia in humans: can progression be arrested? In myopia and the control of eye growth, ciba foundation symposium 155","author":"Goldschmidt","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/20094","article-title":"Myopia and ambient lighting at night","volume":"399","author":"Quinn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0250","first-page":"361","article-title":"On the correlation of myopia and intelligence","volume":"118","author":"Miller","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0255","first-page":"332","article-title":"Nearwork in early onset myopia","volume":"43","author":"Saw","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1296","article-title":"IQ and the Association with Myopia in Children","volume":"45","author":"Saw","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen C, Cohen B, Diamond E. Genetic and environmental effects on the development of myopia in Chinese twin children. Ophthalmic Pediatrics and, Genetics 1985; 6\u00bd:p. 113\u2013119.","DOI":"10.3109\/13816818509004128"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1996.0236","article-title":"Induced refractive anomalies affect chick orbital bone structure","volume":"64","author":"Wilson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8644(200010)113:2<235::AID-AJPA7>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Osteological evidence for the evolution of activity pattern and visual acuity in primates","volume":"113","author":"Kay","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.145.1.149","article-title":"Volume measurements of normal orbital structures by computed tomographic analysis","volume":"145","author":"Forbes","year":"1985","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez Blanco F, Sanz Frenandez JC, Munoz Sanz M. Axial length, corneal radius, and age of myopia onset. Optom Vis Sci 2008;85(2):p. 89\u201396.","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181622602"}],"container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987712000680?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987712000680?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T21:40:53Z","timestamp":1713649253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306987712000680"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306987712000680"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.02.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-9877","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}}}