{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T01:02:58Z","timestamp":1794013378594,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,27]],"date-time":"2012-04-27T10:07:14Z","timestamp":1335521234000},"page":"104-112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":321,"title":["Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota (DOGMA) \u2013 A novel theory for the development of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Kelton","family":"Tremellen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karma","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0005","first-page":"2434","article-title":"A prospective study of the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected Caucasian women from Spain","volume":"85","author":"Asunci\u00f3n","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032046","article-title":"The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population","volume":"89","author":"Azziz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098","article-title":"Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"19","author":"Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2004.05.001","article-title":"Definitions, prevalence and symptoms of polycystic ovaries and polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Hart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp008","article-title":"Metabolic features of the reproductive phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Moran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.11.036","article-title":"Circulating inflammatory markers in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and metaanalysis","volume":"95","author":"Escobar-Morreale","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.38.9.1165","article-title":"Profound peripheral insulin resistance, independent of obesity, in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Dunaif","year":"1989","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmq001","article-title":"Impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Moran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136243","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: the spectrum of the disorder in 1741 patients","volume":"10","author":"Balen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.03.010","article-title":"Obesity and extreme obesity, manifest by ages 20\u201324years, continuing through 32\u201341years in women, should alert physicians to the diagnostic likelihood of polycystic ovary syndrome as a reversible underlying endocrinopathy","volume":"122","author":"Glueck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041536","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"352","author":"Ehrmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2004.05.004","article-title":"The pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome: trying to understand PCOS and its endocrinology","volume":"18","author":"Balen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del222","article-title":"Genomic and post-genomic approaches to polycystic ovary syndrome\u2013progress so far: mini review","volume":"21","author":"Hughes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.217","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis","volume":"7","author":"Goodarzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4842","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1327","article-title":"Characterizing discrete subsets of polycystic ovary syndrome as defined by the Rotterdam criteria: the impact of weight on phenotype and metabolic features","volume":"91","author":"Welt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0080","series-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","first-page":"377","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: toward a rational approach","author":"Zawadski","year":"1992"},{"issue":"6543","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6543.355","article-title":"Prevalence of polycystic ovaries in women with anovulation and idiopathic hirsutism","volume":"293","author":"Adams","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2153","article-title":"Controversy in clinical endocrinology: diagnosis of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: the Rotterdam criteria are premature","volume":"91","author":"Azziz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-61-5-946","article-title":"Lipoprotein lipid concentrations and cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"61","author":"Wild","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg440","article-title":"Difference in body weight between American and Italian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: influence of the diet","volume":"18","author":"Carmina","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2011.579658","article-title":"Diet composition and physical activity in overweight and obese premenopausal women with or without polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"27","author":"\u00c1lvarez-Blasco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.81","article-title":"Habitual dietary intake, eating pattern and physical activity of women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Barr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.042","article-title":"High-fat diet determines the composition of the murine gut microbiome independently of obesity","volume":"137","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1491","article-title":"Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"56","author":"Cani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2009.06.016","article-title":"Interplay between obesity and associated metabolic disorders: new insights into the gut microbiota","volume":"9","author":"Cani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3000322","article-title":"The effect of diet on the human gut microbiome: a metagenomic analysis in humanized gnotobiotic mice","volume":"1","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G440","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00098.2010","article-title":"Propensity to high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats is associated with changes in the gut microbiota and gut inflammation","volume":"299","author":"de La Serre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"6052","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1208344","article-title":"Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes","volume":"334","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0791-0","article-title":"Selective increases of bifidobacteria in gut microflora improve high-fat-diet-induced diabetes in mice through a mechanism associated with endotoxaemia","volume":"50","author":"Cani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1403","article-title":"Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice","volume":"57","author":"Cani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.251","article-title":"Intestinal permeability is associated with visceral adiposity in healthy women","volume":"19","author":"Gummesson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2653","article-title":"Intestinal mucosal barrier function in health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Turner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2545","article-title":"Innate immunity modulates adipokines in humans","volume":"92","author":"Anderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-123-2-733","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor I and insulin potentiate luteinizing hormone-induced androgen synthesis by rat ovarian thecal-interstitial cells","volume":"123","author":"Cara","year":"1988","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbieri RL, Makris A, Ryan KJ. Insulin stimulates androgen accumulation in incubations of human ovarian stroma and theca. Obstet Gynecol 198; 64(Suppl. 3):73S\u201380S.","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-198409001-00019"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-122-5-2034","article-title":"Insulin as a regulator of androgen biosynthesis by cultured rat ovarian cells: cellular mechanism(s) underlying physiological and pharmacological hormonal actions","volume":"122","author":"Hernandez","year":"1988","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2010.02.007","article-title":"Aberrant follicle development and anovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"71","author":"Franks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol (Paris)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.10.080","article-title":"Microbes in gastrointestinal health and disease","volume":"136","author":"Neish","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5728","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110591","article-title":"Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora","volume":"308","author":"Eckburg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7285","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08821","article-title":"A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing","volume":"464","author":"Qin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05056.x","article-title":"A microbial world within us","volume":"59","author":"Zoetendal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duerr CU, Hornef MW. The mammalian intestinal epithelium as integral player in the establishment and maintenance of host-microbial homeostasis. Semin Immunol 2011 [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2011.11.002"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15064","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803124105","article-title":"The inner of the two Muc2 mucin-dependent mucus layers in colon is devoid of bacteria","volume":"105","author":"Johansson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050054","article-title":"Aberrant mucin assembly in mice causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and spontaneous inflammation resembling ulcerative colitis","volume":"5","author":"Heazlewood","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibson GR, Roberfroid MB. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J Nutr 199;125(6):1401\u201312.","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/125.6.1401"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200603000-00015","article-title":"Colonic health: fermentation and short chain fatty acids","volume":"40","author":"Wong","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6150","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.10.6150-6158.2005","article-title":"Fermentation of fructooligosaccharides and inulin by bifidobacteria: a comparative study of pure and fecal cultures","volume":"71","author":"Rossi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2005.096","article-title":"Soyoligosaccharide increases fecal bifidobacteria counts, short-chain fatty acids, and fecal lipid concentrations in young Korean women","volume":"10","author":"Bang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.10.1442","article-title":"Short chain fatty acids stimulate epithelial mucin 2 expression through differential effects on prostaglandin E(1) and E(2) production by intestinal myofibroblasts","volume":"52","author":"Willemsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20082222","article-title":"The regulation of intestinal mucin MUC2 expression by short-chain fatty acids: implications for epithelial protection","volume":"420","author":"Burger-van Paassen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041343","article-title":"Prebiotics and resistance to gastrointestinal infections","volume":"93","author":"Gibson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01869.x","article-title":"Gastrointestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome: their role in its pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"103","author":"Parkes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.2887","article-title":"Lower Bifidobacteria counts in both duodenal mucosa-associated and fecal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome patients","volume":"15","author":"Kerckhoffs","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.140806","article-title":"Impaired intestinal barrier integrity in the colon of patients with irritable bowel syndrome: involvement of soluble mediators","volume":"58","author":"Piche","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maes M, Twisk FN, Kubera M, Ringel K. Evidence for inflammation and activation of cell-mediated immunity in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME\/CFS): increased interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, PMN-elastase, lysozyme and neopterin. J Affect Disord 2011 [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.09.004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maes M, Twisk FN, Kubera M, Ringel K, Leunis JC, Geffard M. Increased IgA responses to the LPS of commensal bacteria is associated with inflammation and activation of cell-mediated immunity in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Affect Disord 2011 [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.09.010"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0285","first-page":"902","article-title":"Normalization of leaky gut in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is accompanied by a clinical improvement: effects of age, duration of illness and the translocation of LPS from Gram negative bacteria","volume":"29","author":"Maes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serino M, Luche E, Gres S, et al. Metabolic adaptation to a high-fat diet is associated with a change in the gut microbiota. Gut 2011 [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301012"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90192-2","article-title":"Selective stimulation of bifidobacteria in the human colon by oligofructose and inulin","volume":"108","author":"Gibson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S193","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN\/2002537","article-title":"Prebiotic effects of inulin and oligofructose","volume":"87","author":"Kolida","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1658","article-title":"The capacity of nondigestible carbohydrates to stimulate fecal bifidobacteria in healthy humans: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-response relation study","volume":"80","author":"Bouhnik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117936","article-title":"Increased adipose tissue expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"95","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1937","article-title":"Adipocytokines: mediators linking adipose tissue, inflammation and immunity","volume":"6","author":"Tilg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.098160","article-title":"Comparative study of the intestinal mucus barrier in normal and inflamed colon","volume":"56","author":"Swidsinski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00318.2005","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-alpha modulation of intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier","volume":"290","author":"Ye","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.22.2131","article-title":"Elevated C-reactive protein levels in overweight and obese adults","volume":"282","author":"Visser","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0890-5","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with an increased prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"55","author":"Mathur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"3A","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00173-9","article-title":"Reproductive correlates of chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"105","author":"Harlow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3977","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.8.8715","article-title":"Comment: the methionine 196 arginine polymorphism in exon 6 of the TNF receptor 2 gene (TNFRSF1B) is associated with the polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperandrogenism","volume":"87","author":"Peral","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0350","first-page":"1134","article-title":"The \u2212597 G\u2013A and \u2212174 G\u2013C polymorphisms in the promoter of the IL-6 gene are associated with hyperandrogenism","volume":"87","author":"Villuendas","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)58687-7","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia is common in family members of women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"66","author":"Norman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"5091","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7678183","article-title":"Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance","volume":"259","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5249","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5249.665","article-title":"IRS-1-mediated inhibition of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in TNF-alpha- and obesity-induced insulin resistance","volume":"271","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6651","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/39335","article-title":"Protection from obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice lacking TNF-alpha function","volume":"389","author":"Uysal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.10.013","article-title":"Chronic interleukin-6 (IL-6) treatment increased IL-6 secretion and induced insulin resistance in adipocyte: prevention by rosiglitazone","volume":"311","author":"Lagathu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510002874","article-title":"Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM on insulin sensitivity and the systemic inflammatory response in human subjects","volume":"104","author":"Andreasen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508111461","article-title":"Nutrition, allergy, mucosal immunology and intestinal microbiota group. Probiotics and dietary counselling contribute to glucose regulation during and after pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"101","author":"Laitinen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2009.0036","article-title":"Probiotics lower plasma glucose in the high-fat fed C57BL\/6J mouse","volume":"1","author":"Andersson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Benef Microbes"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509993898","article-title":"Impact of maternal probiotic-supplemented dietary counselling on pregnancy outcome and prenatal and postnatal growth: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"103","author":"Luoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-1-83","article-title":"A direct effect of hyperinsulinemia on serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels in obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"72","author":"Nestler","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-12-1-3","article-title":"On the paradox of insulin-induced hyperandrogenism in insulin-resistant states","volume":"12","author":"Poretsky","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)55675-1","article-title":"Regulation of androgen production in cultured human thecal cells by insulin-like growth factor I and insulin","volume":"59","author":"Bergh","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem426","article-title":"Consensus on infertility treatment related to polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Thessaloniki ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.5694\/mja11.10915","article-title":"Guideline development groups. Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: summary of an evidence-based guideline","volume":"195","author":"Teede","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-022510-133739","article-title":"Synbiotics in health and disease","volume":"2","author":"Kolida","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Food Sci Technol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510003363","article-title":"Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits","volume":"104","author":"Roberfroid","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00667.2010","article-title":"The physiological basis of complementary and alternative medicines for polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"301","author":"Raja-Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem019","article-title":"A prospective study of dairy foods intake and anovulatory infertility","volume":"22","author":"Chavarro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114500002270","article-title":"Oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in bovine milk and colostrum","volume":"84","author":"Gopal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.01.025","article-title":"Bifidobacterial utilization of human milk oligosaccharides","volume":"149","author":"Sela","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(84)80075-5","article-title":"Effects of fructo-oligosaccharides on blood glucose and serum lipids in diabetic subjects","volume":"4","author":"Yamashita","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022029908003129","article-title":"Oral administration of dahi containing probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei delayed the progression of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats","volume":"75","author":"Yadav","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dairy Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.05.025","article-title":"Probiotics improve high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance by increasing hepatic NKT cells","volume":"49","author":"Ma","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0227","article-title":"Responses of gut microbiota and glucose and lipid metabolism to prebiotics in genetic obese and diet-induced leptin-resistant mice","volume":"60","author":"Everard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05272.x","article-title":"Can bioactive foods affect obesity?","volume":"1190","author":"Astrup","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tolhurst G, Heffron H, Lam YS, Parker HE, Habib AM, Diakogiannaki E, Cameron J, Grosse J, Reimann F, Gribble FM. Short-Chain fatty acids stimulate Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 secretion via the G-Protein-Coupled Receptor FFAR2. Diabetes 2011 [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1019"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S157","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041342","article-title":"Impact of inulin and oligofructose on gastrointestinal peptides","volume":"93","author":"Delzenne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50159","article-title":"Colonic fermentation influences lower esophageal sphincter function in gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"124","author":"Piche","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16767","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808567105","article-title":"Effects of the gut microbiota on host adiposity are modulated by the short-chain fatty-acid binding G protein-coupled receptor, Gpr41","volume":"105","author":"Samuel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.167","article-title":"Microbiota and SCFA in lean and overweight healthy subjects","volume":"18","author":"Schwiertz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.19","article-title":"Regulation of abdominal adiposity by probiotics (Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055) in adults with obese tendencies in a randomized controlled trial","volume":"64","author":"Kadooka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-1-3","article-title":"Diagnostic and treatment characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome: descriptive measurements of patient perception and awareness from 657 confidential self-reports","volume":"1","author":"Sills","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMC Wom Health"}],"container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987712001703?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987712001703?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T21:26:16Z","timestamp":1561670776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306987712001703"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306987712001703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-9877","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]}}}