{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:10:32Z","timestamp":1790770232219,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,6]],"date-time":"2013-07-06T08:15:24Z","timestamp":1373098524000},"page":"751-756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Neurobiology and clinical implications of lucid dreaming"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"S\u00e9rgio A.","family":"Mota-Rolim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0005","series-title":"The interpretation of dreams","author":"Freud","year":"1900"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0010","series-title":"Language and its dream disturbance","author":"Heynick","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0620","series-title":"Collected Works Vol. 3 - The Psychogenesis of Mental Disease","article-title":"The psychology of dementia praecox","author":"Jung","year":"1907"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0020","series-title":"Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias","author":"Bleuler","year":"1911"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1126\/science.118.3062.273","article-title":"Regularly occurring periods of eye motility, and concomitant phenomena, during sleep","volume":"118","author":"Aserinsky","year":"1953","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1037\/h0048189","article-title":"The relation of eye movements during sleep to dream activity: an objective method for the study of dreaming","volume":"53","author":"Dement","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0035","first-page":"625","article-title":"Forty years of antipsychotic drug research: from haloperidol to paliperidone, with Dr. Paul Janssen","volume":"57","author":"Awouters","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10577","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1767-06.2006","article-title":"Dopaminergic control of sleep-wake states","volume":"26","author":"Dzirasa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(96)00276-X","article-title":"Linking the family of D2 receptors to neuronal circuits in human brain: insights into schizophrenia","volume":"16","author":"Joyce","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-1955-y","article-title":"Atypical antipsychotic profile of flunarizine in animal models","volume":"177","author":"Tort","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp006","article-title":"The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: version III \u2013 the final common pathway","volume":"35","author":"Howes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00003976","article-title":"Dreaming and the brain: toward a cognitive neuroscience of conscious states","volume":"23","author":"Hobson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(02)01992-7","article-title":"The prefrontal cortex in sleep","volume":"6","author":"Muzur","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.02.082","article-title":"The dreaming sleep stage: a new neurobiological model of schizophrenia?","volume":"140","author":"Gottesmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2007.01.004","article-title":"The neurobiological characteristics of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are candidate endophenotypes of depression, schizophrenia, mental retardation and dementia","volume":"81","author":"Gottesmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2009.05.033","article-title":"In two minds? Is schizophrenia a state \u2018trapped\u2019 between waking and dreaming?","volume":"73","author":"Llewellyn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0085","series-title":"Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine","first-page":"1159","article-title":"Schizophrenia","author":"Benson","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0625","series-title":"Cholinergic Mechanisms: Function and Dysfunction","first-page":"331","article-title":"New evidence for the involvement of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in psychoses","author":"Bymaster","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/9.1.73","article-title":"Dreams, hallucinogenic drug states, and schizophrenia: a psychological and biological comparison","volume":"9","author":"Fischman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1972.tb27827.x","article-title":"Relationship of sleep to neuroanatomical circuits, biochemistry and behaviour","volume":"193","author":"Morgane","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1159\/000117536","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow patterns studied by rheoencephalography in schizophrenia","volume":"2","author":"Jacquy","year":"1976","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1177\/070674378703200516","article-title":"Hypofrontality in schizophrenia: a review of the evidence","volume":"32","author":"Williamson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0115","first-page":"405","article-title":"Hypofrontality and negative symptoms in schizophrenia: synthesis of anatomic and neuropsychological knowledge and ecological perspectives","volume":"27","author":"Semkovska","year":"2001","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/383163a0","article-title":"Functional neuroanatomy of human rapid-eye-movement sleep and dreaming","volume":"383","author":"Maquet","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.7.1173","article-title":"Regional cerebral blood flow throughout the sleep-wake cycle. An H2(15)O PET study","volume":"120","author":"Braun","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00807-X","article-title":"Forebrain activation in REM sleep: an FDG PET study","volume":"770","author":"Nofzinger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0630","series-title":"Myths, dreams and religion","author":"Campbell","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0140","first-page":"431","article-title":"A study of dreams","volume":"26","author":"Van Eeden","year":"1913","journal-title":"PSPR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1980.51.3f.1039","article-title":"Lucid dreaming as a learnable skill: a case study","volume":"51","author":"Laberge","year":"1980","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1981.52.3.727","article-title":"Lucid dream verified by volitional communication during REM sleep","volume":"52","author":"Laberge","year":"1981","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0155","first-page":"107","article-title":"Voluntary control of respiration during REM sleep","volume":"11","author":"Laberge","year":"1982","journal-title":"Sleep Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1982.55.3.795","article-title":"Lucid dreaming and alpha activity: a preliminary report","volume":"55","author":"Ogilvie","year":"1982","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1984.tb00224.x","article-title":"Lucid, prelucid, and nonlucid dreams related to the amount of EEG alpha activity during REM sleep","volume":"21","author":"Tyson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/12.4.374","article-title":"H-reflex suppression and autonomic activation during lucid REM sleep: a case study","volume":"12","author":"Brylowski","year":"1989","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.02.010","article-title":"Lucid dreaming during multiple sleep latency test","volume":"7","author":"Tang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2004.02.003","article-title":"Lucid dream frequency and personality","volume":"37","author":"Schredl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.2466\/09.PMS.112.1.104-108","article-title":"Frequency of lucid dreaming in a representative German sample","volume":"112","author":"Schredl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0190","first-page":"52","article-title":"Dreaming, lucid dreaming and personality","volume":"2","author":"Doll","year":"2009","journal-title":"IJODR"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0195","first-page":"33","article-title":"Different kinds of subjective experience during lucid dreaming may have different neural substrates","volume":"3","author":"Mota-Rolim","year":"2010","journal-title":"IJODR"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1037\/1053-0797.16.2.88","article-title":"Psychological correlates of lucid dreaming","volume":"16","author":"Holzinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dreaming"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhl131","article-title":"Neural signatures of body ownership: a sensory network for bodily self-consciousness","volume":"17","author":"Tsakiris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"1346","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1996.0123","article-title":"Working memory and executive control","volume":"351","author":"Baddeley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"5355","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5355.1347","article-title":"An area specialized for spatial working memory in human frontal cortex","volume":"279","author":"Courtney","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0605","unstructured":"Mota-Rolim, S.A., Pantoja, A., Pinheiro, R.S.E. et al. Lucid dream: sleep electroencephalographic features and behavioral induction methods. In: I Congresso IBRO\/LARC de Neuroci\u00eancias da Am\u00e9rica Latina, Caribe e Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica (2008)."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.9.1191","article-title":"Lucid dreaming: a state of consciousness with features of both waking and non-lucid dreaming","volume":"32","author":"Voss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2010.08.001","article-title":"Lucid dreaming and ventromedial versus dorsolateral prefrontal task performance","volume":"20","author":"Neider","year":"2011","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.09.029","article-title":"Dreamed movement elicits activation in the sensorimotor cortex","volume":"21","author":"Dresler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0240","unstructured":"Mota-Rolim, S.A., Erlacher, D., Pegado, J.F. et al. Lucid dreaming is associated with parietal and occipital activity during REM sleep: a preliminary report. Program No. 285.07. 2012 Neuroscience Meeting Planner. New Orleans, LA: Society for Neuroscience, 2012. Online."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2005.05.008","article-title":"Out-of-body experience, heautoscopy, and autoscopic hallucination of neurological origin. Implications for neurocognitive mechanisms of corporeal awareness and self-consciousness","volume":"50","author":"Blanke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2612-04.2005","article-title":"Linking out-of-body experience and self processing to mental own-body imagery at the temporoparietal junction","volume":"25","author":"Blanke","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa070010","article-title":"Visualizing out-of-body experience in the brain","volume":"357","author":"De Ridder","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0635","series-title":"Beyond the body. An investigation of out-of-body experiences","author":"Blackmore","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0265","unstructured":"Mota-Rolim, S.A., Erlacher, D., Laberge, S. et al. Induction and neurophysiological characterization of lucid dreaming. FENS Abstr., vol. 5, 143.14, 2010."},{"issue":"1387","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1999.0476","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation: studying the brain-behaviour relationship by induction of \u2018virtual lesions\u2019","volume":"354","author":"Pascual-Leone","year":"1999","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x","article-title":"Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"527","author":"Nitsche","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.87","article-title":"Noninvasive techniques for probing neurocircuitry and treating illness: vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","volume":"35","author":"George","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.79","article-title":"Potentiation of gamma oscillatory activity through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","volume":"34","author":"Barr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6212","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0314-07.2007","article-title":"Activation of prefrontal cortex by transcranial direct current stimulation reduces appetite for risk during ambiguous decision making","volume":"27","author":"Fecteau","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3282f2adfd","article-title":"Time-dependent effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the enhancement of working memory","volume":"19","author":"Ohn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7271","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0065-09.2009","article-title":"Enhancement of planning ability by transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"29","author":"Dockery","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9985","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2725-04.2004","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation during sleep improves declarative memory","volume":"24","author":"Marshall","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"7119","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05278","article-title":"Boosting slow oscillations during sleep potentiates memory","volume":"444","author":"Marshall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5744","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1117256","article-title":"Breakdown of cortical effective connectivity during sleep","volume":"309","author":"Massimini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8496","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702495104","article-title":"Triggering sleep slow waves by transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"104","author":"Massimini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1080\/17588921003731578","article-title":"Cortical reactivity and effective connectivity during REM sleep in humans","volume":"1","author":"Massimini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0330","first-page":"150","article-title":"\u201cThis is dream\u201d: induction of lucid dreams by verbal suggestion during REM sleep","volume":"10","author":"Laberge","year":"1981","journal-title":"Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0335","first-page":"104","article-title":"Induction of lucid dreaming by light stimulation during REM sleep","volume":"17","author":"Laberge","year":"1988","journal-title":"Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0340","unstructured":"Mota-Rolim, S.A., Targino, J.H., Peres, A.S. et al. Lucid dreaming patterns in a Brazilian population sample. Presentation Code: p070.16 \u2013 Abstract Number: 3206 \u2013 Poster Board Number: F65, FENS Abstract, Volume 6, p070.16, 2012."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/23.6.1b","article-title":"Spectral features of EEG alpha activity in human REM sleep: two variants with different functional roles?","volume":"23","author":"Cantero","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2012.07.003","article-title":"Induction of lucid dreams: a systematic review of evidence","volume":"21","author":"Stumbrys","year":"2012","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2716","article-title":"REM sleep and dreaming: towards a theory of protoconsciousness","volume":"10","author":"Hobson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0360","first-page":"41","article-title":"The neurobiology of consciousness: lucid dreaming wakes up","volume":"2","author":"Hobson","year":"2009","journal-title":"IJODR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0365","series-title":"Lucid dreams","author":"Green","year":"1968"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1037\/h0094325","article-title":"Flying dreams and lucidity: an empirical study of their relationship","volume":"1","author":"Barrett","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dreaming"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0375","series-title":"The inner world of daydreaming","author":"Singer","year":"1975"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/00207594.2010.503760","article-title":"Analysis of the multidimensionality of hallucination-like experiences in clinical and nonclinical Spanish samples and their relation to clinical symptoms: implications for the model of continuity","volume":"46","author":"Langer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.6.1194","article-title":"Prevalence and pathologic associations of sleep paralysis in the general population","volume":"52","author":"Ohayon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461505050715","article-title":"Sleep paralysis, sexual abuse, and space alien abduction","volume":"42","author":"McNally","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transcult Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00052448","article-title":"The Old Hag\u201d phenomenon as sleep paralysis: a biocultural interpretation","volume":"2","author":"Ness","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cult Med Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1993.76.3.839","article-title":"Differences in neuropsychological correlates between normals and those experiencing \u201cOld Hag Attacks\u201d","volume":"76","author":"Kettlewell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461507074968","article-title":"Ogun Oru: a traditional explanation for nocturnal neuro-psychiatric disturbances among the Yoruba of Southwest Nigeria","volume":"44","author":"Aina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transcult Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1126\/science.159.3819.1070","article-title":"Sleep disorders: disorders of arousal?","volume":"159","author":"Broughton","year":"1968","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/9.2.293","article-title":"Chronic behavioral disorders of human REM sleep: a new category of parasomnia","volume":"9","author":"Schenck","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm056","article-title":"Pathophysiology of REM sleep behaviour disorder and relevance to neurodegenerative disease","volume":"130","author":"Boeve","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92389-2","article-title":"Syncope and near-death experience","volume":"334","author":"Lempert","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461507088001","article-title":"Phenomenology of near-death experiences: a cross-cultural perspective","volume":"45","author":"Belanti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transcult Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000204296.15607.37","article-title":"Does the arousal system contribute to near death experience?","volume":"66","author":"Nelson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0808281","article-title":"General anesthesia, sleep, and coma","volume":"363","author":"Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0445","series-title":"Plum and Posner\u2019s diagnosis of stupor and coma","author":"Posner","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0450","series-title":"The embodied mind: cognitive science and human experience","author":"Varela","year":"1945"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/20.2.102","article-title":"Electrophysiological correlates of higher states of consciousness during sleep in long-term practitioners of the transcendental meditation program","volume":"20","author":"Manson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1159\/000321783","article-title":"Hysteria after Charcot: back to the future","volume":"29","author":"Bogousslavsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Neurol Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.09.020","article-title":"Effect of hypnotic pain modulation on brain activity in patients with temporomandibular disorder","volume":"151","author":"Abrahamsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0470","series-title":"Conscious Mind, Sleeping Brain","article-title":"Out-of-the-body experiences and dream lucidity","author":"Irwin","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0475","first-page":"115","article-title":"\u201cOut-of-body\u201d experiences occurring during REM sleep","volume":"17","author":"LaBerge","year":"1988","journal-title":"Sleep Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0480","first-page":"186","article-title":"Out-of-body experiences, dreams, and rem sleep","volume":"1","author":"Levitan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep Hypn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0485","series-title":"The peyote religion among the Navaho","author":"Moore","year":"1982"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(84)90003-5","article-title":"Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American hallucinogenic plants: tryptamine and \u03b2-carboline constituents of Ayahuasca","volume":"10","author":"McKenna","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0495","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0500","series-title":"The nightmare","author":"Hartmann","year":"1984"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.60.3.409","article-title":"Epidemiology of trauma: frequency and impact of different potentially traumatic events on different demographic groups","volume":"60","author":"Norris","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.1.128-a","article-title":"Sleep disturbance as the hallmark of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"146","author":"Ross","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2006.05.007","article-title":"Sleep disorders and suicidal ideation in patients with depressive disorder","volume":"153","author":"Chellappa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.9.1135","article-title":"Suicidality and sleep disturbances","volume":"28","author":"Bernert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.1.91","article-title":"Nightmares and sleep disturbances in relation to suicidality in suicide attempters","volume":"30","author":"Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0530","first-page":"79","article-title":"Nightmare in crisis: clinical applications of lucid dreaming techniques","volume":"15","author":"Brylowski","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychiatr J Univ Ott"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0535","first-page":"140","article-title":"The nightmare of returning home: a case of acute onset nightmare disorder treated by lucid dreaming","volume":"32","author":"Abramovitch","year":"1995","journal-title":"Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1159\/000289106","article-title":"Lucid dreaming as a treatment for recurrent nightmares","volume":"66","author":"Zadra","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.99.3f.1139-1146","article-title":"Multimodal behavioral treatment of nonrepetitive, treatment-resistant nightmares: a case report","volume":"99","author":"Tanner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1159\/000095446","article-title":"Lucid dreaming treatment for nightmares: a pilot study","volume":"75","author":"Spoormaker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27883","article-title":"Best practice guide for the treatment of nightmare disorder in adults","volume":"6","author":"Aurora","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1992.67.5.1114","article-title":"Strength increases from the motor program: comparison of training with maximal voluntary and imagined muscle contractions","volume":"67","author":"Yue","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0565","first-page":"19","article-title":"Imagery and the acquisition of motor skills","volume":"17","author":"Hall","year":"1992","journal-title":"Can J Sport Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1994.79.1.627","article-title":"Mental rehearsal in table tennis performance","volume":"79","author":"Lejune","year":"1994","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(98)01232-7","article-title":"Implicit learning: news from the front","volume":"2","author":"Cleeremans","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0580","first-page":"7","article-title":"Do REM (lucid) dreamed and executed actions share the same neural substrate?","volume":"1","author":"Erlacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"IJODR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0645","series-title":"Evolution of Nervous Systems","first-page":"451","article-title":"The Evolution of Neural Systems for Sleep and Dreaming","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049_b0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00004015","article-title":"The reinterpretation of dreams: an evolutionary hypothesis of the function of dreaming","volume":"23","author":"Revonsuo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"}],"container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030698771300279X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030698771300279X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T19:13:39Z","timestamp":1759691619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S030698771300279X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S030698771300279X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-9877","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neurobiology and clinical implications of lucid dreaming","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Hypotheses","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.04.049","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}