{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:30:04Z","timestamp":1790382604561,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","medical-hypotheses.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,4]],"date-time":"2015-07-04T21:19:40Z","timestamp":1436044780000},"page":"415-423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Is tryptophan metabolism involved in sleep apnea-related cardiovascular co-morbidities and cancer progression?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Boulet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Flore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Le Gouellec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Toussaint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.L.","family":"P\u00e9pin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Faure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00043.2008","article-title":"Pathophysiology of sleep apnea","volume":"90","author":"Dempsey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.143958","article-title":"Health, social and economical consequences of sleep-disordered breathing: a controlled national study","volume":"66","author":"Jennum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kendzerska T, Gershon AS, Hawker G, Leung RS, Tomlinson G. Obstructive sleep apnea and risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: a decade-long historical cohort study. In: Patel A, editor. PLoS Med, vol. 11, no 2; 2014. p. e1001599.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001599"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2012.141","article-title":"Mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"9","author":"Baguet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-202807","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea and metabolic syndrome: put CPAP efficacy in a more realistic perspective","volume":"67","author":"P\u00e9pin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1306187","article-title":"CPAP, weight loss, or both for obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"370","author":"Chirinos","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2014.07.004","article-title":"Impact of obstructive sleep apnea treatment by continuous positive airway pressure on cardiometabolic biomarkers: a systematic review from sham CPAP randomized controlled trials","volume":"21","author":"Jullian-Desayes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204993","article-title":"Effect of CPAP on blood pressure in patients with minimally symptomatic obstructive sleep apnoea: a meta-analysis using individual patient data from four randomised controlled trials","volume":"69","author":"Bratton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-205430","article-title":"Is CPAP effective in reducing blood pressure in minimally symptomatic obstructive sleep apnoea?","volume":"69","author":"P\u00e9pin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201204-0657ED","article-title":"Sleep apnea: a common mechanism for the deadly triad\u2013cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer?","volume":"186","author":"Redline","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00065714","article-title":"Sleep apnoea and cancer: the new challenge","volume":"43","author":"L\u00e9vy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0060","first-page":"1","article-title":"Kynurenine pathway metabolites in humans: disease and healthy states","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Tryptophan Res IJTR"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2007.01.004","article-title":"Molecules in focus: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase","volume":"39","author":"King","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20491","article-title":"Obesity-related dysregulation of the tryptophan\u2013kynurenine metabolism: role of age and parameters of the metabolic syndrome: tryptophan metabolism and inflammation in obesity","volume":"22","author":"Mangge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1381\/096089206776945066","article-title":"Bariatric surgery cannot prevent tryptophan depletion due to chronic immune activation in morbidly obese patients","volume":"16","author":"Brandacher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/149247","article-title":"Tryptophan\u2013kynurenine metabolism and insulin resistance in hepatitis C patients","volume":"2013","author":"Oxenkrug","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepat Res Treat"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2003.01186.x","article-title":"Immune activation and degradation of tryptophan in coronary heart disease","volume":"33","author":"Wirleitner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.12.090","article-title":"Neopterin and kynurenine\u2013tryptophan ratio as predictors of coronary events in older adults, the Hordaland health study","volume":"168","author":"Sulo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03325.x","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase enzyme activity correlates with risk factors for atherosclerosis: the cardiovascular risk in young finns study: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and atherosclerosis","volume":"148","author":"Pertovaara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890903321559","article-title":"Activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-induced tryptophan degradation in advanced atherosclerotic plaques: Tampere vascular study","volume":"42","author":"Niinisalo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.2478\/v10039-010-0015-6","article-title":"Kynurenine pathway \u2013 a new link between endothelial dysfunction and carotid atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"55","author":"Pawlak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.219329","article-title":"Systemic markers of interferon- -mediated immune activation and long-term prognosis in patients with stable coronary artery disease","volume":"31","author":"Pedersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"507","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0115","first-page":"507","article-title":"Serum kynurenic acid positively correlates with cardiovascular disease risk factor, homocysteine: a study in stroke patients","volume":"58","author":"Pniewski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05838.x","article-title":"Altered kynurenine metabolism correlates with infarct volume in stroke: tryptophan metabolism and stroke","volume":"26","author":"Darlington","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.25.135","article-title":"Kynureninase is a novel candidate gene for hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"25","author":"Mizutani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertens Res Off J Jpn Soc Hypertens"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.110.959064","article-title":"A rare variant at the KYNU gene is associated with kynureninase activity and essential hypertension in the han Chinese population","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Genet"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35779","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C200303200","article-title":"A missense mutation in kynurenine aminotransferase-1 in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"277","author":"Kwok","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001094","article-title":"Early activation of the kynurenine pathway predicts early death and long-term outcome in patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"3","author":"Ristagno","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht264","article-title":"Urinary excretion of kynurenine and tryptophan, cardiovascular events, and mortality after elective coronary angiography","volume":"34","author":"Pedersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-013-0595-9","article-title":"Plasma metabolomics reveals a potential panel of biomarkers for early diagnosis in acute coronary syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Laborde","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199907000-00007","article-title":"Kynurenine hydroxylase inhibitors reduce ischemic brain damage&colon; studies with (m-nitrobenzoyl)-alanine (mNBA) and 3, 4-dimethoxy-&lsqb;-N-4-(nitrophenyl) thiazol-2YL&rsqb;-benzenesulfonamide (Ro 61-8048) in models of focal or global brain ischemia","volume":"19","author":"Cozzi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cerebral Blood Flow Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/646909","article-title":"Kynurenines with neuroactive and redox properties: relevance to aging and brain diseases","volume":"2014","author":"Reyes Ocampo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0165","first-page":"363","article-title":"The spectrum of sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"5","author":"Anstead","year":"1999","journal-title":"Respir Care Clin North Am"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.23.3015","article-title":"Longitudinal study of moderate weight change and sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"284","author":"Peppard","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.151225","article-title":"Metabolic surgery and obstructive sleep apnoea: the protective effects of bariatric procedures","volume":"67","author":"Ashrafian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.3.829","article-title":"Body fat distribution, serum leptin, and cardiovascular risk factors in men with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"122","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1997.63889000.x","article-title":"Visceral fat accumulation as an important risk factor for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in obese subjects","volume":"241","author":"Shinohara","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2109080","article-title":"Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: a population health perspective","volume":"165","author":"Young","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-1652","article-title":"Independent association between nocturnal intermittent hypoxemia and metabolic dyslipidemia","volume":"143","author":"Trzepizur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.5.2103001","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea is independently associated with insulin resistance","volume":"165","author":"Ip","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.5.2104087","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and insulin resistance in middle-aged and overweight men","volume":"165","author":"Punjabi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-2538","article-title":"Independent association between obstructive sleep apnea severity and glycated hemoglobin in adults without diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Priou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00089902","article-title":"Impaired glucose-insulin metabolism in males with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Meslier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2003.01177.x","article-title":"Metabolic disturbances in obesity versus sleep apnoea: the importance of visceral obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"254","author":"Vgontzas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.050","article-title":"Major role for hypoxia inducible factor-1 and the endothelin system in promoting myocardial infarction and hypertension in an animal model of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"53","author":"Belaidi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"7233","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7233.479","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome as a risk factor for hypertension: population study","volume":"320","author":"Lavie","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0235","first-page":"1829","article-title":"Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study","volume":"283","author":"Nieto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sleep Heart Health Study JAMA"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005113421901","article-title":"Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension","volume":"342","author":"Peppard","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9302","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07445-7","article-title":"Ambulatory blood pressure after therapeutic and subtherapeutic nasal continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised parallel trial","volume":"359","author":"Pepperell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3600","article-title":"Sleep apnea and 20-year follow-up for all-cause mortality, stroke, and cancer incidence and mortality in the Busselton health study cohort","volume":"10","author":"Marshall","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.901801","article-title":"Prospective study of obstructive sleep apnea and incident coronary heart disease and heart failure: the sleep heart health study","volume":"122","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.122","article-title":"Inflammation contributes to the atherogenic role of intermittent hypoxia in apolipoprotein-E knock out mice","volume":"219","author":"Arnaud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.10.017","article-title":"Effect of intermittent hypoxia on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice","volume":"209","author":"Jun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"9464","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)74229-X","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational study","volume":"365","author":"Marin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.4366","article-title":"Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on the incidence of hypertension and cardiovascular events in nonsleepy patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"307","author":"Barb\u00e9","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2014.07.003","article-title":"Oxidative stress in obstructive sleep apnea and intermittent hypoxia \u2013 revisited \u2013 the bad ugly and good: implications to the heart and brain","volume":"20C","author":"Lavie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2014.12.004","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction and obstructive sleep apnea: from mechanisms toadistinct phenotype and combined therapeutic strategies","volume":"20","author":"P\u00e9pin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.07.001","article-title":"Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease","volume":"39","author":"Valko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.2.404","article-title":"Protection against oxidative stress-induced insulin resistance in rat L6 muscle cells by mircomolar concentrations of alpha-lipoic acid","volume":"50","author":"Maddux","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2004.02.004","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in hypertension; an update","volume":"17","author":"Lass\u00e8gue","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1586\/14779072.3.6.1061","article-title":"Hypercholesterolemia: its impact on ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"3","author":"Stokes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0817","article-title":"Association of oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and diabetes risk phenotypes: the Framingham offspring study","volume":"30","author":"Meigs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21625","article-title":"Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome","volume":"114","author":"Furukawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.7.2104126","article-title":"Increased adhesion molecules expression and production of reactive oxygen species in leukocytes of sleep apnea patients","volume":"165","author":"Dyugovskaya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.100537","article-title":"Effects of CPAP on oxidative stress and nitrate efficiency in sleep apnoea: a randomised trial","volume":"64","author":"Alonso-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.03.015","article-title":"Chronic intermittent hypoxia activates nuclear factor-\u03baB in cardiovascular tissues in vivo","volume":"343","author":"Greenberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2660","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.556746","article-title":"Selective activation of inflammatory pathways by intermittent hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"112","author":"Ryan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-005-0046-6","article-title":"Activation of nuclear factor kappaB in obstructive sleep apnea: a pathway leading to systemic inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Htoo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Breath Schlaf Atm"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2013.02.021","article-title":"Profile of circulating cytokines: impact of OSA, obesity and acute cardiovascular events","volume":"62","author":"Testelmans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2008.08.003","article-title":"Oxidative stress\u2014a unifying paradigm in obstructive sleep apnea and comorbidities","volume":"51","author":"Lavie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(01)01215-2","article-title":"Increased kynurenic acid in the brain after neonatal asphyxia","volume":"69","author":"Baran","year":"2001","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0640578","article-title":"The metabolism of tryptophan. 2. The metabolism of tryptophan in patients suffering from cancer of the bladder","volume":"64","author":"Boyland","year":"1956","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"5380","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5380.1191","article-title":"Prevention of allogeneic fetal rejection by tryptophan catabolism","volume":"281","author":"Munn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-014-1549-4","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase pathways of pathogenic inflammation and immune escape in cancer","volume":"63","author":"Prendergast","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother CII"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31178","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tumor-induced tolerance","volume":"117","author":"Munn","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00034","article-title":"Tryptophan-degrading enzymes in tumoral immune resistance","volume":"6","author":"Van Baren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1113873109","article-title":"Reversal of tumoral immune resistance by inhibition of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase","volume":"109","author":"Pilotte","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-14-0137","article-title":"Extensive profiling of the expression of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 protein in normal and tumoral human tissues","volume":"3","author":"Th\u00e9ate","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401073","article-title":"T cell apoptosis by tryptophan catabolism","volume":"9","author":"Fallarino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020121","article-title":"Tryptophan-derived catabolites are responsible for inhibition of T and natural killer cell proliferation induced by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase","volume":"196","author":"Frumento","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(03)00072-3","article-title":"Tolerance, DCs and tryptophan: much ado about IDO","volume":"24","author":"Grohmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6752","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.11.6752","article-title":"The combined effects of tryptophan starvation and tryptophan catabolites down-regulate T cell receptor \u03b6-chain and induce a regulatory phenotype in naive T cells","volume":"176","author":"Fallarino","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3109\/08830180903349669","article-title":"Dendritic cells, indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and acquired immune privilege","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1258\/0004563011900461","article-title":"3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid, an L-tryptophan metabolite, induces apoptosis in monocyte-derived cells stimulated by interferon-gamma","volume":"38","author":"Morita","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3000632","article-title":"Tryptophan catabolism by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 alters the balance of TH17 to regulatory T cells in HIV disease","volume":"2","author":"Favre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5649","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-0549","article-title":"The kynurenine pathway in brain tumor pathogenesis","volume":"72","author":"Adams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12866","DOI":"10.1021\/ja9029768","article-title":"Inhibitory substrate binding site of human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase","volume":"131","author":"Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2961","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.22819","article-title":"Substrate stereo-specificity in tryptophan dioxygenase and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase","volume":"78","author":"Capece","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proteins Struct Funct Bioinf"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2014.11.007","article-title":"Targeting key dioxygenases in tryptophan\u2013kynurenine metabolism for immunomodulation and cancer chemotherapy","volume":"20","author":"Austin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3846","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands in cancer: friend and foe","volume":"14","author":"Murray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9990","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.152706299","article-title":"A constitutively active dioxin\/aryl hydrocarbon receptor induces stomach tumors","volume":"99","author":"Andersson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0460","first-page":"640","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor is a putative tumor suppressor gene in multiple human cancers","volume":"118","author":"Zudaire","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.07.156","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling mediates expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase","volume":"375","author":"Vogel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-3090","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor functions as a tumor suppressor of liver carcinogenesis","volume":"70","author":"Fan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081438","article-title":"Natural agonists for aryl hydrocarbon receptor in culture medium are essential for optimal differentiation of Th17 T cells","volume":"206","author":"Veldhoen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939535","article-title":"Antimicrobial and immunoregulatory properties of human tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase","volume":"39","author":"Schmidt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"7368","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10491","article-title":"An endogenous tumour-promoting ligand of the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor","volume":"478","author":"Opitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2163","article-title":"IDO and regulatory T cells: a role for reverse signalling and non-canonical NF-kappaB activation","volume":"7","author":"Puccetti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfq024","article-title":"Kynurenic acid is a potent endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand that synergistically induces interleukin-6 in the presence of inflammatory signaling","volume":"115","author":"DiNatale","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1111\/hpb.12201","article-title":"A biological basis for depression in pancreatic cancer","volume":"16","author":"Botwinick","year":"2014","journal-title":"HPB"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.2.708","article-title":"IL-6 inhibits the tolerogenic function of CD8+dendritic cells expressing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase","volume":"167","author":"Grohmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-12-0014","article-title":"IDO is a nodal pathogenic driver of lung cancer and metastasis development","volume":"2","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201209-1671OC","article-title":"Association between obstructive sleep apnea and cancer incidence in a large multicenter Spanish cohort","volume":"187","author":"Campos-Rodriguez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201201-0130OC","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and cancer mortality: results from the Wisconsin sleep cohort study","volume":"186","author":"Nieto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.140238","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and the prevalence and incidence of cancer","volume":"186","author":"Kendzerska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.06.037","article-title":"Cancer and sleep apnea\u2013the hypoxia connection","volume":"68","author":"Abrams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00185110","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia enhances cancer progression in a mouse model of sleep apnoea","volume":"39","author":"Almendros","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.03.001","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia increases melanoma metastasis to the lung in a mouse model of sleep apnea","volume":"186","author":"Almendros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4180","article-title":"Altered in vitro endothelial repair and monocyte migration in obstructive sleep apnea: implication of VEGF and CRP","volume":"37","author":"Brian\u00e7on-Marjollet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25176","article-title":"Tumors exposed to acute cyclic hypoxic stress show enhanced angiogenesis, perfusion and metastatic dissemination","volume":"127","author":"Rofstad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"218","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2014.05.001","article-title":"Regulatory crosstalk and interference between the xenobiotic and hypoxia sensing pathways at the AhR-ARNT-HIF1\u03b1 signaling node","volume":"25","author":"Vorrink","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.12.002","article-title":"Hypoxia perturbs aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling and CYP1A1 expression induced by PCB 126 in human skin and liver-derived cell lines","volume":"274","author":"Vorrink","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfr218","article-title":"Exactly the same but different: promiscuity and diversity in the molecular mechanisms of action of the aryl hydrocarbon (Dioxin) receptor","volume":"124","author":"Denison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1801","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for cancer prevention: promise, perils and pharmacogenetics","volume":"6","author":"Ulrich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0575","first-page":"w13309","article-title":"Time-dependent inflammatory factor production and NF\u03baB activation in a rodent model of intermittent hypoxia","volume":"141","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Swiss Med Weekly"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70159-7","article-title":"Effects of bariatric surgery on cancer incidence in obese patients in Sweden (Swedish obese subjects study): a prospective, controlled intervention trial","volume":"10","author":"Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205003","article-title":"Obesity is mediated by differential aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling in mice fed a Western diet","volume":"120","author":"Kerley-Hamilton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022_b0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-2925","article-title":"Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in dendritic cells by stereoisomers of 1-methyl-tryptophan correlates with antitumor responses","volume":"67","author":"Hou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987715002418?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987715002418?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T16:22:18Z","timestamp":1599236538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306987715002418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306987715002418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-9877","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Is tryptophan metabolism involved in sleep apnea-related cardiovascular co-morbidities and cancer progression?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Hypotheses","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.06.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}