{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:16:02Z","timestamp":1791252962431,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","medical-hypotheses.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,16]],"date-time":"2016-07-16T10:00:48Z","timestamp":1468663248000},"page":"103-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Vitamin D deficiency changes the intestinal microbiome reducing B vitamin production in the gut. The resulting lack of pantothenic acid adversely affects the immune system, producing a \u201cpro-inflammatory\u201d state associated with atherosclerosis and autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"S.C.","family":"Gominak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.03.031","article-title":"The world epidemic of sleep disorders is linked to Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"79","author":"Gominak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4408","article-title":"Vitamin D and actigraphic sleep outcomes in older community dwelling men: the MrOS sleep study","volume":"38","author":"Massa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22341","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22341","article-title":"Vitamin D improves endothelial dysfunction and restores myeloid angiogenic cell function via reduced CXCL-10 expression in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"1","author":"Reynolds","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203316635289","article-title":"Severe vitamin D deficiency increases the risk for moderate to severe disease activity in Chinese patients with SLE","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203316629001","article-title":"\u201cEppur Si Muove\u201d: vitamin D is essential in preventing and modulating SLE","volume":"25","author":"Azrielant","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026615666150915111557","article-title":"The roles of vitamin D and its analogs in inflammatory diseases","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-016-1415-9","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in patients with either rheumatic diseases or inflammatory bowel diseases on biologic therapy","author":"Bruzzese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0146351","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146351","article-title":"Serum vitamin D level and rheumatoid arthritis disease activity: review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/34690","article-title":"Low-level vitamin D is associated with atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"25","author":"Belen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060515593765","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and related risk factors in patients with diabetic nephropathy","volume":"44","author":"Xiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2016.40.1.120","article-title":"Relationship between serum vitamin D levels and symptoms of depression in stroke patients","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110591","article-title":"Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora","volume":"308","author":"Eckburg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6141","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237439","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1237439","article-title":"The long-term stability of the human gut microbiota","volume":"341","author":"Faith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7351","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10213","article-title":"Human nutrition, the gut microbiome, and immune system; envisioning the future","volume":"474","author":"Kau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/489821","article-title":"How the intricate interaction among toll-like receptors microbiota and intestinal immunity can influence gastrointestinal pathology","author":"Frosali","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.114.000219","article-title":"Does our gut microbiome predict cardiovascular risk? A review of the evidence from metabolomics","volume":"1","author":"Griffin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5647","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.618249","article-title":"Transmission of atherosclerosis susceptibility with gut microbial transplantation","volume":"290","author":"Gregory","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20110326","article-title":"Intestinal absorption of water-soluble vitamins in health and disease","volume":"437","author":"Said","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103756","article-title":"Pantothenic acid deficiency in man","volume":"37","author":"Hodges","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103918","article-title":"Human pantothenic acid deficiency produced by omega-methyl pantothenic acid","volume":"38","author":"Hodges","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/11.2.85","article-title":"Factors affecting human antibody response. III. Immunologic responses of men deficient in pantothenic acid","volume":"11","author":"Hodges","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103156","article-title":"Pantothenic acid deficiency induced in human subjects","volume":"34","author":"Bean","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.05.014","article-title":"Acetyl coenzyme A: a central metabolite and second messenger","volume":"21","author":"Pietrocola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20140125","article-title":"Coenzyme A, more than \u2018just\u2019 a metabolic cofactor","volume":"42","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2007.00093.x","article-title":"Coenzyme A biosynthesis: an antimicrobial drug target","volume":"32","author":"Spry","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0130","article-title":"Formation and dynamics of waves in a cortical model of cholinergic modulation","volume":"11","author":"Zochowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1423136112","article-title":"Optogenetic activation of cholinergic neurons in the PPT or LDT induces REM sleep","volume":"112","author":"Van Dort","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0140","series-title":"Neurochemistry of sleep and wakefulness","article-title":"Acetylcholine modulates sleep and wakefulness: a synaptic perspective. Chapter 5, 109\u2013143","author":"Roach","year":"2008"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3861","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199712220-00005","article-title":"Central administration of vitamin B12 aggravates cataplexy in canine narcolepsy","volume":"8","author":"Honda","year":"1997","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.3109\/07420529709001446","article-title":"Transient fluctuation of serum melatonin rhythm is suppressed centrally by vitamin B12","volume":"14","author":"Nakamura","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(96)00349-6","article-title":"Vitamin B12 affects non-photic entrainment of circadian locomotor activity rhythms in mice","volume":"727","author":"Ebihara","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0160","first-page":"877","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in sleep disturbances: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.01.011","article-title":"Differences in sleep between black and white adults: an update and future directions","volume":"18","author":"Petrov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.08.040","article-title":"Relation of obstructive sleep apnea to coronary artery calcium in non-obese versus obese men and women aged 45\u201375years","volume":"114","author":"Luyster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00315874","article-title":"Nuclear receptor sites for vitamin d-soltriol in midbrain and hindbrain of Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) assessed by autoradiography","volume":"98","author":"Stumpf","year":"1992","journal-title":"Histochemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00496810","article-title":"1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 sites of action in the brain. An autoradiographic study","volume":"87","author":"Stumpf","year":"1987","journal-title":"Histochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00219932","article-title":"Thyrotropes in the pituitary are target cells for 1.25 dihydroxyvitamin D3","volume":"209","author":"Sar","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00490160","article-title":"Vitamin D sites of action in the pituitary studied by combined autoradiography-immunohistochemistry","volume":"88","author":"Stumpf","year":"1987","journal-title":"Histochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00518724","article-title":"Autoradiographic studies with 3H 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3 in thyroid and associated tissues of the neck region","volume":"87","author":"Stumpf","year":"1987","journal-title":"Histochemistry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.128","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids in control of body weight and insulin sensitivity","volume":"11","author":"Canfora","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2015.07.002","article-title":"The gut microbiota in human energy homeostasis and obesity","volume":"26","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0210","series-title":"Overcoming the pain of inflammatory arthritis: the pain-free promise of pantothenic acid","isbn-type":"print","author":"Eisenstein","year":"1998","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/089529902X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.22.339","article-title":"Metabolic response to a pantothenic acid deficient diet in humans","volume":"22","author":"Fry","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Nutr Sci Vitaminol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.7.1328","article-title":"Availability of vitamin B6 and pantothenate in an average American diet in man","volume":"34","author":"Tarr","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.2310\/JIM.0b013e31821b8755","article-title":"Vitamin D and the immune system","volume":"59","author":"Aranow","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6088","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7085271","article-title":"Immune modulation by vitamin D and its relevance to food allergy","volume":"7","author":"Suaini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130395","article-title":"Vitamin D regulates cytokine patterns secreted by dendritic cells to promote differentiation of IL-22-producing T cells","volume":"10","author":"Sommer","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557515666150519110830","article-title":"Vitamin-D in the immune system: genomic and non-genomic actions","volume":"15","author":"Trochoutsou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mini Rev Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0245","first-page":"263","article-title":"Pantothenic acid","volume":"16","author":"Kelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Altern Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01864a039","article-title":"Pantothenic acid. VIII. The total synthesis of pure pantothenic acid","volume":"62","author":"Stiller","year":"1940","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(08)60684-6","article-title":"Pantothenic acid in health and disease","volume":"46","author":"Tahiliani","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vitam Horm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1365","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1998.275.5.C1365","article-title":"Biotin uptake by human colonic epithelial NCM460 cells: a carrier mediated process shared with pantothenic acid","volume":"275","author":"Said","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/113.10.2107","article-title":"Hydrolysis and absorption of pantothenate and its coenzymes in the rat small intestine","volume":"113","author":"Shibata","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14876","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.21.14875","article-title":"Human placental Na+ dependent multivitamin transporter. Cloning functional expression gene structure and chromosomal localization","volume":"274","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2014.12.003","article-title":"The sodium\/multivitamin transporter: a multipotent system with therapeutic implications","volume":"98","author":"Quick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vitam Horm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026611313070006","article-title":"High specificity in response of the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter to derivatives of pantothenic acid","volume":"13","author":"Chirapu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"issue":"2(Pt 2)","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0285","first-page":"292","article-title":"Pantothenic acid transport and metabolism in the central nervous system","volume":"250","author":"Spector","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0290","series-title":"Chapter 8. The autonomic and somatic motor nervous system","first-page":"186","article-title":"Goodman and Gillman: pharmacological basis of therapeutics","author":"Westfall","year":"2011"},{"issue":"157","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.01.042","article-title":"Baroreflex mechanisms in irritable bowel syndrome: Part I. Traditional indices","volume":"1","author":"Davydov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3128","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003128","article-title":"Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction predicts diabetic foot ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes without diabetic polyneuropathy","volume":"95","author":"Yun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1402","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516953113","article-title":"Circadian misalignment increases cardiovascular disease risk factors in humans","volume":"113","author":"Morris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03190474","article-title":"Salivary glands epithelial and myoepithelial cells are major vitamin D targets","volume":"32","author":"Stumpf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03191025","article-title":"Vitamin D and the digestive system","volume":"33","author":"Stumpf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2015.11.006","article-title":"Absorption and blood\/cellular transport of folate and cobalamin: pharmacokinetic and physiological considerations","volume":"126","author":"Alpers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochimie"}],"container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987716303504?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987716303504?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]],"date-time":"2018-09-10T09:55:48Z","timestamp":1536573348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306987716303504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["S0306987716303504"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-9877","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vitamin D deficiency changes the intestinal microbiome reducing B vitamin production in the gut. The resulting lack of pantothenic acid adversely affects the immune system, producing a \u201cpro-inflammatory\u201d state associated with atherosclerosis and autoimmunity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Hypotheses","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2016.07.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}