{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T13:29:40Z","timestamp":1778938180565,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Health","award":["QNRC2016009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QNRC2016009"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program,China","award":["2016YFC1000800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC1000800"]}]},{"name":"Department of Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T02:53:59Z","timestamp":1574045639000},"page":"109506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF): A potential adjuvant treatment for infected nonunion"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Xu-sheng","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu-gang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197557060-00020","article-title":"The treatment of infected non-union of fractures of long bones. Study of sixty-four cases with a five to twenty-one-year follow-up","volume":"57","author":"Meyer","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(11)70128-0","article-title":"Management of bone infections in adults: the surgeon's and microbiologist's perspectives","volume":"42","author":"Mouzopoulos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20130426-07","article-title":"Long bone osteomyelitis in adults: fundamental concepts and current techniques","volume":"36","author":"Sanders","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2007.08.032","article-title":"Management of infected nonunion of long bones: the last decade (1996\u20132006)","volume":"39","author":"Motsitsi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177S","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182001f0f","article-title":"Treating osteomyelitis: antibiotics and surgery","volume":"127","author":"Rao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141973","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of ilizarov methods in the treatment of infected nonunion of tibia and femur","volume":"10","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4136","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1126\/science.184.4136.575","article-title":"Augmentation of bone repair by inductively coupled electromagnetic fields","volume":"184","author":"Bassett","year":"1974","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0040","first-page":"61","article-title":"Computer analysis of data on more than 11000 cases of ununited fracture submitted for treatment with pulsing electromagnetic fields","volume":"2","author":"Goldberg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Trans Bioel Repair and Growth Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B3.2187877","article-title":"A double-blind trial of pulsed electromagnetic fields for delayed union of tibial fractures","volume":"72","author":"Sharrard","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(02)00209-7","article-title":"Electrical treatment of tibial non-union: a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial","volume":"34","author":"Simonis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Injury."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0055","unstructured":"Cadossi R, Traina G, Massari L. Electric and magnetic stimulation of bone repair: review of the European experience. In: Physical Regulation of Skeletal Repair. edn. Edited by Aaron R, Bolander M. Illinois, United States: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 2005: 39-52."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-018-1982-1","article-title":"The Application of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) for bone fracture repair: past and perspective findings","volume":"46","author":"Daish","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0065","first-page":"354","article-title":"The effect of electromagnetic stimulation on nonunions: myth or reality?","volume":"51","author":"Vaquero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Ortop Traumatol (Madr)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0070","first-page":"178","article-title":"Experimental study on sterilization effects of pulsed electromagnetic field","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Harbin Univ Commerce Natural Sci Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0075","unstructured":"Alley DW, Patton MP. A Comparative Field Evaluation of Chemical and Pulsed Power Water Treatment. In: the 70th Annual International Water Conference. Orlando, FL, USA.; 2009."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2015.616","article-title":"The effect of electromagnetic fields, from two commercially available water treatment devices, on bacterial culturability","volume":"73","author":"Piyadasa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Sci Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0085","first-page":"181","article-title":"Sterilization effect of pulsed magnetic field and its influence on milk nutrient components","volume":"21","author":"Gao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trans CSAE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0090","first-page":"55","article-title":"Sterilization effect of high-intensity pulsed magnetic field to strawberry juice","volume":"6","author":"Jin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Goods industry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0095","first-page":"86","article-title":"Research progress on technology of pulsed magnetic field sterilization","volume":"32","author":"Fu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jiangxi Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-35","article-title":"Early application of pulsed electromagnetic field in the treatment of postoperative delayed union of long-bone fractures: a prospective randomized controlled study","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2016.10.004","article-title":"Osteomyelitis: Recent advances in pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies","volume":"14","author":"Birt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0110","unstructured":"Non-ionizing radiation, Part 2: Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 2013; 102(Pt 2):1\u2013460."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.06.043","article-title":"Cancer epidemiology update, following the 2011 IARC evaluation of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (Monograph 102)","volume":"167","author":"Miller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Res."}],"container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987719311065?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987719311065?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T19:19:31Z","timestamp":1759691971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306987719311065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["S0306987719311065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-9877","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF): A potential adjuvant treatment for infected nonunion","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Hypotheses","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109506","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109506"}}