{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T03:20:54Z","timestamp":1768620054574,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T19:49:22Z","timestamp":1585079362000},"page":"109692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Serious infection may systemically increase noradrenergic signaling and produce psychological effects"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0005","first-page":"151","article-title":"The role of cytokines in the immune response to influenza A virus infection","volume":"50","author":"Sl\u00e1dkov\u00e1","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)62001-3","article-title":"The onset of fever: new insights into its mechanism","volume":"162","author":"Blatteis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1159\/000026389","article-title":"Beta-adrenergic receptor subtype effects on stress fever and thermoregulation","volume":"6","author":"Mayfield","year":"1999","journal-title":"NeuroImmunoModulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.03.023","article-title":"Black bile: are elevated monoamines an etiological factor in some cases of major depression?","volume":"80","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01040","article-title":"A healthy heart is not a metronome: an integrative review of the heart's anatomy and heart rate variability","volume":"5","author":"Shaffer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2010.12.002","article-title":"The chemical neuroanatomy of vagus nerve stimulation","volume":"42","author":"Ruffoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.189","article-title":"The vagus nerve and the inflammatory reflex\u2013linking immunity and metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Pavlov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00049","article-title":"The vagus nerve at the interface of the microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"12","author":"Bonaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0045","article-title":"Noradrenergic modulation of cognition in health and disease","volume":"6031478","author":"Borodovitsyna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1981.01780360103012","article-title":"Plasma MHPG in rapid cyclers and healthy twins","volume":"38","author":"Jimerson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"17 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i6","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm033","article-title":"Catecholamine and second messenger influences on prefrontal cortical networks of \u201crepresentational knowledge\u201d: a rational bridge between genetics and the symptoms of mental illness","volume":"Sept","author":"Arnsten","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.09.006","article-title":"Prefrontal executive and cognitive functions in rodents: neural and neurochemical substrates","volume":"28","author":"Dalley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199909090-00012","article-title":"Noradrenergic modulation of cognitive flexibility in problem solving","volume":"10","author":"Beversdorf","year":"1999","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2010.04.011","article-title":"Is elevated norepinephrine an etiological factor in some cases of epilepsy?","volume":"19","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2010","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.2174\/156720510792231775","article-title":"Is elevated norepinephrine an etiological factor in some cases of Alzheimer's disease?","volume":"7","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197307000-00020","article-title":"Plasma catecholamines in patients with serious postoperative infection","volume":"178","author":"Groves","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000288","article-title":"Sympathetic nerves and hypertension in stress, sleep apnea, and caregiving","volume":"26","author":"Ziegler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.122.5.509","article-title":"The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders: a review of supporting evidence","volume":"122","author":"Schildkraut","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(89)90078-4","article-title":"Virus infection as a stressor: influenza virus elevates plasma concentrations of corticosterone, and brain concentrations of MHPG and tryptophan","volume":"45","author":"Dunn","year":"1989","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20162","article-title":"Prenatal viral infection in mouse causes differential expression of genes in brains of mouse progeny: a potential animal model for schizophrenia and autism","volume":"57","author":"Fatemi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051029","article-title":"Potential role of HPA axis and sympathetic nervous responses in depletion of B cells induced by H9N2 avian influenza virus infection","volume":"7","author":"Qi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.71.5.576","article-title":"A nosocomial outbreak of influenza A","volume":"71","author":"Kapila","year":"1977","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0115","first-page":"50","article-title":"[Clinico-anatomic parallels of cardiac lesion in sporadic influenza]. [Article in Russian]","volume":"79","author":"Bogomolov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Klin Med (Mosk)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0120","first-page":"201","article-title":"Transitory arterial hypertension in the infant in course of influenzal pneumonia","volume":"39","author":"Kaplan","year":"1951","journal-title":"Nourrisson"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0125","first-page":"638","article-title":"[Influenzal hypertension in the aged]","volume":"43","author":"Puech","year":"1953","journal-title":"Montp Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0130","first-page":"1160","article-title":"[Arterial hypertension of infectious origin]. [Article in Romanian, Russian]","volume":"9","author":"Paunescu-Podeanu","year":"1957","journal-title":"Med Int (Bucur)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198502000-00025","article-title":"Influenza and mania: a possible connection with the locus ceruleus","volume":"78","author":"Maurizi","year":"1985","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e318222558c","article-title":"Hypomanic switching during influenza infection without intracranial infection in an adolescent patient with bipolar disorder","volume":"27","author":"Ishitobi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.896","article-title":"Gestational influenza and bipolar disorder in adult offspring","volume":"70","author":"Parboosing","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13070943","article-title":"Serological documentation of maternal influenza exposure and bipolar disorder in adult offspring","volume":"171","author":"Canetta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03391675","article-title":"Anxiety and depression: linkages with viral diseases","volume":"34","author":"Coughlin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Public Health Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0160","first-page":"325","article-title":"Association between prenatal exposure to maternal infection and offspring mood disorders: a review of the literature","volume":"45","author":"Simanek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.12.005","article-title":"The risk of new onset depression in association with influenza\u2013A population-based observational study","volume":"53","author":"Bornand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12241","article-title":"Neurological events related to influenza A (H1N1) pdm09","volume":"8","author":"Cardenas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)82874-4","article-title":"Viral infections and recurrences of febrile convulsions","volume":"116","author":"Rantala","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E63","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.4.e63","article-title":"Influenza A infection is an important cause of febrile seizures","volume":"108","author":"Chiu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0185","first-page":"75","article-title":"Viral infections in neonates with seizures","volume":"31","author":"Mustonen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.60.3.1062-1067.1986","article-title":"Influenza virus-induced encephalopathy in mice: interferon production and natural killer cell activity during acute infection","volume":"60","author":"Wabuke-Bunoti","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903395","article-title":"Cutting edge: sympathetic nervous system increases proinflammatory cytokines and exacerbates influenza A virus pathogenesis","volume":"184","author":"Grebe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11008","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803237105","article-title":"Splenic nerve is required for cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway control of TNF in endotoxemia","volume":"105","author":"Rosas-Ballina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00726","article-title":"The neuro-immuno-senescence integrative model (NISIM) on the negative association between parasympathetic activity and cellular senescence","volume":"12","author":"Ask","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.03.003","article-title":"Can\u2019t or won\u2019t? Immunometabolic constraints on dopaminergic drive","volume":"23","author":"Treadway","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Cognit Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1969.100.3.398","article-title":"The excretion of a urinary metabolite of epinephrine and norepinephrine in tuberculosis","volume":"100","author":"Vaccarezza","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine1962.20.180","article-title":"Sympathetic nervous systems in chronic hypoxic states from pulmonary tuberculosis: a clinical study on plasma norepinephrine and cyclic AMP levels","volume":"20","author":"Watanabe","year":"1981","journal-title":"Jpn J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.07.012","volume":"298","author":"Barrios-Payan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0230","first-page":"44","article-title":"Assocation of hypertension with pulmonary tuberculosis [Article in Russian]","volume":"20","author":"Lachinian","year":"1956","journal-title":"Sov Med"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0235","first-page":"2112","article-title":"Notes on the most frequent types of arterial hypertension associated with pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"50","author":"Colombi","year":"1959","journal-title":"Minerva Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0240","first-page":"187","article-title":"On hypertension in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, with special reference to fundus oculi lesions","volume":"16","author":"Miyabayashi","year":"1962","journal-title":"Iryo"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0245","first-page":"37","article-title":"Grigor'ev IuG. [The prevalence and course of arterial hypertension in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. [Article in Russian]","author":"Ditiatkov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Probl Tuberk Bolezn Legk"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0250","first-page":"311","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders in patients receiving anti-tuberculosis drugs","volume":"27","author":"Prasad","year":"1985","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1177\/070674378803300729","article-title":"Secondary mania in a patient receiving isonicotinic acid hydrazide and pyridoxine: case report","volume":"33","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.184641","article-title":"A study of prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients suffering from tuberculosis","volume":"5","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-016-0145-6","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the Southwest Region of Cameroon","volume":"5","author":"Kehbila","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-6748.181722","article-title":"Psychiatric morbidity in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis\u2014an observational study","volume":"24","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind Psychiatry J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2174\/1871524911106040321","article-title":"Tuberculosis infections of the central nervous system","volume":"11","author":"Bartzatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-973768","article-title":"Cerebral tuberculosis presenting as complex febrile convulsions","volume":"27","author":"Berger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"issue":"341","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0285","first-page":"1006","article-title":"Neuro-psychic disturbances and epileptic seizures in the course of isoniazid therapy; electro-encephalographic control","volume":"32","author":"Morere","year":"1953","journal-title":"Maroc Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(72)90195-7","article-title":"Generalized seizures following isoniazid therapy for tuberculosis in a patient with uremia","volume":"53","author":"Aach","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0295","first-page":"183","article-title":"Changes in brain neurotransmitters in rodent malaria","volume":"30","author":"Roy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Indian J Malariol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4803-6","article-title":"Impact of sex differences in brain response to infection with Plasmodium berghei","volume":"115","author":"Dkhil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0305","first-page":"E1059","article-title":"Glucose production and gluconeogenesis in adults with uncomplicated falciparum malaria","volume":"272","author":"Dekker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/349077a0","article-title":"Activation by adrenaline of a low-conductance G protein-dependent K+ channel in mouse pancreatic B cells","volume":"349","author":"Rorsman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/94.12.709","article-title":"Glucose production and gluconeogenesis in adults with cerebral malaria","volume":"94","author":"van Thien","year":"2001","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/92.9.495","article-title":"Hyperphenylalaninaemia in children with falciparum malaria","volume":"92","author":"Enwonwu","year":"1999","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/0049475513512640","article-title":"Scrub typhus and malaria co-infection causing severe sepsis","volume":"44","author":"Mahajan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2014.09.005","article-title":"Septic shock complicating Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a pregnant patient with low parasitemia","volume":"44","author":"Boissier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/424308","article-title":"Is it time to beta block the septic patient?","volume":"2015","author":"Pemberton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0340","first-page":"363","article-title":"Benign intracranial hypertension associated with resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria infection: a case report","volume":"62","author":"Okelo","year":"1985","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196907032810114","article-title":"Intracranial hypertension in malaria","volume":"281","author":"Reilly","year":"1969","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8741","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91638-B","article-title":"Intracranial pressure in African children with cerebral malaria","volume":"337","author":"Newton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.308763","article-title":"The malaria-high blood pressure hypothesis","volume":"119","author":"Etyang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309013","article-title":"Does malaria cause hypertension?","volume":"119","author":"Verdecchia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309602","article-title":"The high blood pressure-malaria protection hypothesis","volume":"119","author":"Gallego-Delgado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0370","first-page":"165","article-title":"Malaria and the nervous system","volume":"12","author":"Osuntokun","year":"1983","journal-title":"Afr J Med Med Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0375","first-page":"1073","article-title":"Chloroquine psychosis: a chemical psychosis?","volume":"73","author":"Mohan","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2190\/8DRE-DBNH-MXXG-7AJF","article-title":"Chloroquine induced mania","volume":"23","author":"Akhtar","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073809332700","article-title":"Childhood mefloquine-induced mania and psychosis: a case report","volume":"24","author":"Thapa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199803000-00007","article-title":"Delayed neuropsychiatric effects of malaria in Ghana","volume":"186","author":"Dugbartey","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199711000-00008","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric sequelae of cerebral malaria in Vietnam veterans","volume":"185","author":"Varney","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.157.5.783a","article-title":"Malaria presenting as atypical depression","volume":"157","author":"Gernaat","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1192\/S000712500017905X","article-title":"Malaria presenting as atypical depression","volume":"156","author":"Prakash","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0410","first-page":"401","article-title":"Malaria in children, with special reference to cerebral malaria (author's transl)] [Article in German]","volume":"187","author":"Berner","year":"1975","journal-title":"Klin Padiatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0415","first-page":"672","article-title":"Neurological complications of malaria","volume":"23","author":"Senanayake","year":"1992","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90415-4","article-title":"Convulsions in childhood malaria","volume":"88","author":"Wattanagoon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S89","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200210012-00010","article-title":"The HPA axis in HIV-1 infection","volume":"31","author":"Kumar","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1994.10.947","article-title":"Tryptophan concentrations increase in cerebrospinal fluid and blood after zidovudine treatment in patients with HIV type 1 infection","volume":"10","author":"Gissl\u00e9n","year":"1994","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(90)90092-Q","article-title":"Increased resting energy expenditure in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men","volume":"39","author":"Hommes","year":"1990","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000181279.06164.6e","article-title":"Sympathoimmune anomalies underlying the response to stressful challenge in human immunodeficiency virus spectrum disease","volume":"67","author":"Hurwitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000216379.91936.84","article-title":"Sympathetic nervous system function in HIV-associated adipose redistribution syndrome","volume":"20","author":"van Gurp","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00566.x","article-title":"HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 potentiates NMDA-evoked noradrenaline release by a direct action at rat hippocampal and cortical noradrenergic nerve endings","volume":"6","author":"Pittaluga","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12695","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.221134198","article-title":"Impaired response to HAART in HIV-infected individuals with high autonomic nervous system activity","volume":"98","author":"Cole","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.01.005","article-title":"Adrenergic inhibition of innate anti-viral response: PKA blockade of Type I interferon gene transcription mediates catecholamine support for HIV-1 replication","volume":"20","author":"Collado-Hidalgo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181773bbd","article-title":"Psychosocial influences on HIV-1 disease progression: neural, endocrine, and virologic mechanisms","volume":"70","author":"Cole","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/10705500802219606","article-title":"Perceived stress and norepinephrine predict the effectiveness of response to protease inhibitors in HIV","volume":"15","author":"Ironson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.10.024","article-title":"Alexithymia is linked to neurocognitive, psychological, neuroendocrine, and immune dysfunction in persons living with HIV","volume":"36","author":"McIntosh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0877-x","article-title":"Psychosocial and Neurohormonal Predictors of HIV Disease Progression (CD4 cells and viral load): a 4\u00a0year prospective study","volume":"19","author":"Ironson","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12223","article-title":"Factors associated with risk of depression and relevant predictors of screening for depression in clinical practice: a cross-sectional study among HIV-infected individuals in Denmark","volume":"16","author":"Slot","year":"2015","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12097","article-title":"HIV infection and depression","volume":"68","author":"Arseniou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-014-0255-3","article-title":"Neuropathogenesis of HIV: from initial neuroinvasion to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND)","volume":"12","author":"Zayyad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8132","article-title":"Clinical review: a review and analysis of heart rate variability and the diagnosis and prognosis of infection","volume":"13","author":"Ahmad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e318073c228","article-title":"Autonomic dysfunction and adrenal insufficiency in thoracic spine tuberculosis","volume":"460","author":"Tyagi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-138","article-title":"Slow and continuous delivery of a low dose of nimodipine improves survival and electrocardiogram parameters in rescue therapy of mice with experimental cerebral malaria","volume":"12","author":"Martins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200116040-00007","article-title":"Uncoupling and recoupling of autonomic regulation of the heart beat in pediatric septic shock","volume":"16","author":"Ellenby","year":"2001","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2003.02.002","article-title":"Heart rate variability in human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals","volume":"94","author":"Mittal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2006.02.005","article-title":"Heart rate variability monitoring in the detection of central nervous system complications in children with enterovirus infection","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-010-0407-6","article-title":"The sympathetic-vagal balance against endotoxemia","volume":"117","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.11.009","article-title":"A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: Implications for heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health","volume":"36","author":"Thayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12586","article-title":"Resting state connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex covaries with individual differences in high-frequency heart rate variability","volume":"53","author":"Jennings","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181833","article-title":"Combined effect of prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation and a working memory task on heart rate variability","volume":"12","author":"Nikolin","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0550","first-page":"9","article-title":"Heart rate variability as indicator of clinical state in depression","author":"Hartmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.03.004","article-title":"The functional neuroanatomy of depression: distinct roles for ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","volume":"201","author":"Koenigs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0560","first-page":"119","article-title":"Uptake of radioactive DOPA by Mycobacterium leprae in vitro","volume":"12","author":"Harris","year":"1975","journal-title":"Microbios"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.03.009","article-title":"Heart rate variability and inflammation: a meta-analysis of human studies","volume":"80","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.35.040195.002221","article-title":"Catecholamine influences and sympathetic neural modulation of immune responsiveness","volume":"35","author":"Madden","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"1 STRESS OF LIF","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09012.x","article-title":"Receptor-mediated local fine-tuning by noradrenergic innervation of neuroendocrine and immune systems","volume":"851","author":"Vizi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.02.172","article-title":"Norepinephrine induces the expression of interleukin-6 via \u03b2-adrenoreceptor-NAD(P)H oxidase system -NF-\u03baB dependent signal pathway in U937 macrophages","volume":"460","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.01.008","article-title":"Accelerated aging of selective brain structures in human immunodeficiency virus infection: a controlled, longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"35","author":"Pfefferbaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.11.029","article-title":"Inflammation and its discontents: the role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of major depression","volume":"65","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527315666160321104749","article-title":"Disease-induced neuroinflammation and depression","volume":"15","author":"Benatti","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-8665.2009.00442.x","article-title":"Is elevated noradrenaline an aetiological factor in a number of diseases?","volume":"29","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2009","journal-title":"Auton Autacoid Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.01.018","article-title":"Elevated norepinephrine may be an etiological factor in a wide range of diseases: age-related macular degeneration, systemic lupus erythematosus, atrial fibrillation, metabolic syndrome","volume":"80","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692_b0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/aap.12019","article-title":"Noradrenaline transmission reducing drugs may protect against a broad range of diseases","volume":"34","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Auton Autacoid Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987720302826?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987720302826?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T19:19:21Z","timestamp":1759691961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306987720302826"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":122,"alternative-id":["S0306987720302826"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-9877","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Serious infection may systemically increase noradrenergic signaling and produce psychological effects","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Hypotheses","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109692","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109692"}}