{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T11:46:11Z","timestamp":1771501571573,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T11:46:56Z","timestamp":1588938416000},"page":"109826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Etoposide-based therapy for severe forms of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Kamel","family":"Hamizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Souhila","family":"Aouidane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghania","family":"Belaaloui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0005","unstructured":"WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report \u2013 67. https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/situation-reports\/20200327-sitrep-67-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=b65f68eb_4."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5","article-title":"Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0015","unstructured":"WHO. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail\/clinical-management-of-severe-acute-respiratory-infection-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected; 2020."},{"issue":"2020","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0020","first-page":"497","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0025","series-title":"Cytokine storm syndrome","author":"Cron","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0030","article-title":"Adult haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a review","author":"Yildiz","year":"2020","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21039","article-title":"HLH-2004: diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"48","author":"Henter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38690","article-title":"Development and validation of the HScore, a score for the diagnosis of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome","volume":"66","author":"Fardet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0045","article-title":"Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China","author":"Ruan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.02.010","article-title":"Pulmonary pathology of early-phase 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1237386","article-title":"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: when the immune system runs amok","volume":"221","author":"Janka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Klinische P\u00e4diatrie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0060","article-title":"Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R80","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10073","article-title":"Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome as a major contributor to death in patients with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection","volume":"15","author":"Beutel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-06-788349","article-title":"Confirmed efficacy of etoposide and dexamethasone in HLH treatment: long-term results of the cooperative HLH-2004 study","volume":"130","author":"Bergsten","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.05.031","article-title":"Recommendations for the use of etoposide-based therapy and bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of HLH: consensus statements by the HLH steering committee of the histiocyte society","volume":"6","author":"Ehl","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0080","first-page":"1869","article-title":"Effective control of Epstein-Barr virus-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with immunochemotherapy. Histiocyte Society","volume":"93","author":"Imashuku","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.10314","article-title":"Treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) in young adults: a report from the HLH study center","volume":"41","author":"Imashuku","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Pediatr Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.10.2665","article-title":"Requirement for etoposide in the treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"19","author":"Imashuku","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61345-1","article-title":"Cytotoxic therapy for severe swine flu A\/H1N1","volume":"376","author":"Henter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2257.2005.00728.x","article-title":"Haemophagocytic syndrome associated with hepatitis-B virus infection responding to etoposide","volume":"27","author":"Aleem","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Lab Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4577","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-06-356261","article-title":"Chemoimmunotherapy for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: long-term results of the HLH-94 treatment protocol","volume":"118","author":"Trottestam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302282","article-title":"Etoposide selectively ablates activated T cells to control the immunoregulatory disorder hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"192","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987720308951?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987720308951?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T19:24:13Z","timestamp":1759692253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306987720308951"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["S0306987720308951"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-9877","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Etoposide-based therapy for severe forms of COVID-19","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Hypotheses","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109826","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109826"}}