{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:52:52Z","timestamp":1787500372538,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T02:03:17Z","timestamp":1590976997000},"page":"109939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Is there a common denominator for Brief Resolved Unexplained Events, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, and alleged Shaken Baby Syndrome?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Niels","family":"Lyn\u00f8e","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.7.1299","article-title":"Neuropathology of inflicted head injury in children. II. Microscopic brain injury in infants","volume":"124","author":"Geddes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(03)00283-4","article-title":"Inflicted head injury in infants","volume":"146","author":"Geddes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2005.02.033","article-title":"Shaken baby syndrome: a biomechanics analysis of injury mechanisms","volume":"151","author":"Bandak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2008.09.038","article-title":"Shaken baby syndrome: does it exist?","volume":"72","author":"Talbert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Squier W. The \u201cShaken Baby\u201d syndrome: pathology and mechanisms. Acta Neuropathol 2011; 122(5): 519\u2013542.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0875-2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0030","first-page":"209","article-title":"Shaken baby syndrome, abusive head trauma, and actual innocence: getting it right","volume":"12","author":"Findley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hous J Health L & Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.09.017","article-title":"The pathogenesis of retinal and subdural haemorrhage in non-accidental head injury in infancy: Assessment using Bradford Hill criteria","volume":"82","author":"Acres","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13760","article-title":"Insufficient evidence for 'shaken baby syndrome' \u2013 a systematic review","volume":"106","author":"Lyn\u00f8e","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1093\/jmp\/jhy015","article-title":"From child protection to paradigm protection \u2013 the genesis, development, and defense of a scientific paradigm","volume":"44","author":"Lyn\u00f8e","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Philos"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14442","article-title":"Is focusing on the triad in suspected child abuse cases really irrelevant and of no practical use?","volume":"107","author":"Lyn\u00f8e","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0055","article-title":"Descriptive data on intracranial hemorrhage related to fatal non-accidental head injury in a pediatric population","author":"Delteil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Med L\u00e9gal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2017.12.001","article-title":"What to do when babies turn blue. Beyond the basic brief resolved unexplained event","volume":"36","author":"McFarlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-017-0429-x","article-title":"Apparent life-threatening events (ALTE): Italian guidelines","volume":"43","author":"Piumelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0070","article-title":"Brief resolved unexplained events (Formerly apparent life threatening events) and evaluation of lower-risk infants","volume":"137","author":"Tieder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2011-040234","article-title":"Characteristics of non-fatal abusive head trauma among children in the USA, 2003\u20132008: application of the CDC operational case definition to national hospital inpatient data","volume":"18","author":"Parks","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2011-040128","article-title":"Characteristics of fatal abusive head trauma among children in the USA: 2003\u20132007: an application of the CDC operational case definition to national vital statistics data","volume":"18","author":"Parks","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duncan JR, Byard RW. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: An overview. In Duncan JR, Byard RW Eds. SIDS Sudden infant and early childhood death: The past, the present and the future. University of Adelaide Press. Barr Smith Library. Adelaide, 2018. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK513384\/pdf\/Bookshelf_NBK513384.pdf.","DOI":"10.20851\/sids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haas EA. Sudden unexplained death in childhood: An overview. In Duncan JR, Byard RW Eds. SIDS Sudden infant and early childhood death: The past, the present and the future. University of Adelaide Press. Barr Smith Library. Adelaide, 2018. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK513384\/pdf\/Bookshelf_NBK513384.pdf.","DOI":"10.20851\/sids-03"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0095","first-page":"1319","article-title":"Sudden death and Apparent Life-Threatening Events in hospitalized neonates presumed to be healthy","volume":"145","author":"Burchfield","year":"1991","journal-title":"AJDC"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1992.tb02631.x","article-title":"Apparent Life Threatening Events with serious sequelae in infants and young children","volume":"28","author":"Beal","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.07.054","article-title":"Apparent life-threatening events and sudden infant death syndrome: comparison of risk factors","volume":"158","author":"Esani","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.00863.x","article-title":"Very early neonatal apparent life-threatening events and sudden unexpected death","volume":"97","author":"Dageville","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-012-1870-1","article-title":"The pathophysiology of brain swelling associated with subdural hemorrhage: the role of the trigeminovascular system","volume":"28","author":"Squier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13202","article-title":"Infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly share demographic features with infants who die with retinal and dural bleeding: a review of neural mechanisms","volume":"58","author":"Squier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F395","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-300752","article-title":"Risk factors for early sudden death and severe apparent life-threatening events","volume":"97","author":"Poets","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0130","first-page":"951","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux-induced hypoxemia in infants with Apparent Life-Threatening Event(s)","volume":"143","author":"See","year":"1989","journal-title":"AJDC"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e3182225563","article-title":"Mortality and child abuse in children presenting with Apparent Life-Threatening Events","volume":"27","author":"Parker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0140","first-page":"889","article-title":"Near-miss sudden infant death syndrome: clinical findings and management","volume":"79","author":"Dunne","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altman RL, Kutscher ML, Brand DA. The \u201cshaken-baby syndrome\u201d. N Engl J Med 1998; 339(18): 1329\u201330.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810293391813"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.10.1011","article-title":"Abusive head injury as a cause of apparent life-threatening events in infancy","volume":"157","author":"Altman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13886","article-title":"May the fear of being falsely accused of having shaken a baby increase parents' demands for scheduled Caesareans?","volume":"106","author":"Lyn\u00f8e","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-4101","article-title":"A framework for evaluation of the higher-risk infant after a brief resolved unexplained event","volume":"144","author":"Merritt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.48.151","article-title":"The shaken baby syndrome: an odyssey. II. Origins and further hypothesis","volume":"48","author":"Uscinski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15072","article-title":"Examining perinatal subdural haematoma as an aetiology of extra-axial hygroma and chronic subdural haematoma","volume":"109","author":"Zahl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0175","unstructured":"Lyn\u00f8e N, Eriksson A. Abusive head trauma theories: denialism and scientific controversies. Submitted."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-018-0006-7","article-title":"The Swedish Agency for health technology-report about traumatic shaking: much ado about nothing?","volume":"14","author":"Bilo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0408","article-title":"Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect; American Academy of Pediatrics. Abusive head trauma in infants and children","volume":"123","author":"Christian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duhaime AC, Christian CW, Rorke LB, Zimmerman RA. Nonaccidental head injury in infants--the \u201cshaken-baby syndrome\u201d. N Engl J Med 1998; 338(25): 1822\u20139.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199806183382507"}],"container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987720305703?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987720305703?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T19:23:47Z","timestamp":1759692227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306987720305703"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0306987720305703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-9877","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Is there a common denominator for Brief Resolved Unexplained Events, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, and alleged Shaken Baby Syndrome?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Hypotheses","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109939","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109939"}}