{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T20:10:11Z","timestamp":1759695011473,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T02:58:16Z","timestamp":1600225096000},"page":"110272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Alcohol consumption and obesity: The hidden scare with COVID-19 severity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Bushra","family":"Bilal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faizan","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syeda Sadia","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.E. Gorbalenya, S.C. Baker, R. Baric, et al., Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: The species and its viruses\u2013a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group; 2020.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.07.937862"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0010","article-title":"Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on COVID-19: A review","author":"Jayawardena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndrome: Clin Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022344","article-title":"Alcohol and the risk of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Simou","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agaa037","article-title":"Are patients with alcohol use disorders at increased risk for Covid-19 infection?","author":"Testino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0025","first-page":"153","article-title":"Alcohol and the immune system","volume":"37","author":"Sarkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Curr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2018.07.005","article-title":"Time course of microglia activation and brain and blood cytokine\/chemokine levels following chronic ethanol exposure and protracted withdrawal in rats","volume":"76","author":"Sanchez-Alavez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.06.014","article-title":"Oxidative products from alcohol metabolism differentially modulate pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes","volume":"85","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2019.11.005","article-title":"Acute alcohol consumption alters the peripheral cytokines IL-8 and TNF-\u03b1","volume":"85","author":"Hillmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104791","article-title":"Could IL-17 represent a new therapeutic target for the treatment and\/or management of COVID-19-related respiratory syndrome?: This paper is dedicated to Sofia Maione born during COVID-19 outbreak","author":"Casillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0050","article-title":"Steroid-responsive encephalitis in Covid-19 disease","author":"Pilotto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0055","first-page":"1006","article-title":"Chronic ethanol ingestion increases expression of the angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor and enhances tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1-and angiotensin II-induced cytotoxicity via AT2 signaling in rat alveolar epithelial cells","volume":"27","author":"Bechara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.12.034","article-title":"Angiotensin II plays a critical role in alcohol-induced cardiac nitrative damage, cell death, remodeling, and cardiomyopathy in a protein kinase C\/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase\u2013dependent manner","volume":"59","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2020","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0065","article-title":"Disprove the Obesity Paradox in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?","volume":"28","author":"Jose","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01071","article-title":"Impact of obesity on influenza A virus pathogenesis, immune response, and evolution","volume":"10","author":"Honce","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy370","article-title":"Obesity increases the duration of influenza A virus shedding in adults","volume":"218","author":"Maier","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0682","article-title":"Obesity is a risk factor for greater COVID-19 severity","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0085","article-title":"Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19","author":"Klok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(20)30145-9","article-title":"Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19","volume":"7","author":"Levi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14768","article-title":"Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia","volume":"18","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2020","key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0105","first-page":"497","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4602","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020135","article-title":"Plasma interleukin-8 concentrations are increased in obese subjects and related to fat mass and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 system","volume":"87","author":"Straczkowski","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987720326566?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987720326566?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T19:36:49Z","timestamp":1759693009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306987720326566"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["S0306987720326566"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-9877"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0306-9877"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Alcohol consumption and obesity: The hidden scare with COVID-19 severity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Hypotheses","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110272","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110272"}}