{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T10:07:10Z","timestamp":1793614030418,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","metabolismjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T13:33:36Z","timestamp":1557236016000},"page":"66-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Fatty liver in lipodystrophy: A review with a focus on therapeutic perspectives of adiponectin and\/or leptin replacement"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Stergios A.","family":"Polyzos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Perakakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos S.","family":"Mantzoros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.06.003","article-title":"Lipodystrophy: time for a global registry and randomized clinical trials to assess efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of established and novel medications","volume":"72","author":"Polyzos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.199","article-title":"Lipodystrophy: pathophysiology and advances in treatment","volume":"7","author":"Fiorenza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2012-1053","article-title":"Leptin's role in lipodystrophic and nonlipodystrophic insulin-resistant and diabetic individuals","volume":"34","author":"Moon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1159","article-title":"Clinical review#: lipodystrophies: genetic and acquired body fat disorders","volume":"96","author":"Garg","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0025","series-title":"Endocrinology: adult and pediatric","first-page":"648","article-title":"Lipodystrophy syndromes","author":"Tsoukas","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3628","article-title":"Effects of metreleptin in pediatric patients with lipodystrophy","volume":"102","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0035","series-title":"UpToDate: Wolters","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lipodystrophic syndromes","author":"Mantzoros","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.2174\/156652409787847191","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the pathogenetic roles of insulin resistance and adipocytokines","volume":"72","author":"Polyzos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.5370","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review","volume":"313","author":"Rinella","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.05.003","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia: an update","volume":"65","author":"Katsiki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.08.003","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and colorectal cancer: a marker of risk or common causation?","volume":"87","author":"Katsiki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3769-3","article-title":"Circulating leptin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Polyzos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.5.8624","article-title":"Serum adiponectin and leptin levels in patients with lipodystrophies","volume":"87","author":"Haque","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2010.09.003","article-title":"Serum total adiponectin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Polyzos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4500","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2466","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of lipodystrophy syndromes: a multi-society practice guideline","volume":"101","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.07.017","article-title":"Leptin in congenital and HIV-associated lipodystrophy","volume":"64","author":"Tsoukas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.123","article-title":"Congenital generalized lipodystrophies\u2014new insights into metabolic dysfunction","volume":"11","author":"Patni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.23736\/S0391-1977.16.02563-3","article-title":"Adipose tissue, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"42","author":"Polyzos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Minerva Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1005","article-title":"Natural history of congenital generalized lipodystrophy: a nationwide study from Turkey","volume":"101","author":"Akinci","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2013.814903","article-title":"Leptin in the treatment of lipodystrophy-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: are we there already?","volume":"7","author":"Machado","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1719-7","article-title":"Is there a human model for the \u2018metabolic syndrome\u2019 with a defined aetiology?","volume":"53","author":"Gorden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810383870","article-title":"Pathology of congenital generalized lipodystrophy in Agpat2\u2212\/\u2212 mice","volume":"48","author":"Vogel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8635","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110970200","article-title":"Caveolin-1-deficient mice are lean, resistant to diet-induced obesity, and show hypertriglyceridemia with adipocyte abnormalities","volume":"277","author":"Razani","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.01.004","article-title":"Altered mitochondrial function and metabolic inflexibility associated with loss of caveolin-1","volume":"15","author":"Asterholm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2009.01.002","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in the AGPAT2-deficient mouse model of congenital generalized lipodystrophy","volume":"9","author":"Cortes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M065896","article-title":"Mogat1 deletion does not ameliorate hepatic steatosis in lipodystrophic (Agpat2\u2212\/\u2212) or obese (ob\/ob) mice","volume":"57","author":"Agarwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.02.147","article-title":"Expression of seipin in adipose tissue rescues lipodystrophy, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in seipin null mice","volume":"460","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-015-0054-x","article-title":"Diet rich in docosahexaenoic acid\/eicosapentaenoic acid robustly ameliorates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in seipin deficient lipodystrophy mice","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200420964","article-title":"Hypertension and abnormal fat distribution but not insulin resistance in mice with P465L PPARgamma","volume":"114","author":"Tsai","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3182","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.20.3182","article-title":"Insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in transgenic mice expressing nuclear SREBP-1c in adipose tissue: model for congenital generalized lipodystrophy","volume":"12","author":"Shimomura","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr205","article-title":"Seipin ablation in mice results in severe generalized lipodystrophy","volume":"20","author":"Cui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.147.5.913","article-title":"Loss of A-type lamin expression compromises nuclear envelope integrity leading to muscular dystrophy","volume":"147","author":"Sullivan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2017.11.007","article-title":"Spontaneous development of hepatosteatosis in perilipin-1 null mice with adipose tissue dysfunction","volume":"1863","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0170","first-page":"2808","article-title":"FSP27 contributes to efficient energy storage in murine white adipocytes by promoting the formation of unilocular lipid droplets","volume":"118","author":"Nishino","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1126\/science.292.5522.1728","article-title":"Insulin resistance and a diabetes mellitus-like syndrome in mice lacking the protein kinase Akt2 (PKB beta)","volume":"292","author":"Cho","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2002.6466","article-title":"Characterization of adiposity and metabolism in Lmna-deficient mice","volume":"291","author":"Cutler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI16885","article-title":"Severe diabetes, age-dependent loss of adipose tissue, and mild growth deficiency in mice lacking Akt2\/PKB beta","volume":"112","author":"Garofalo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5708","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0684","article-title":"Decreased brown adipocyte recruitment and thermogenic capacity in mice with impaired peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (P465L PPARgamma) function","volume":"147","author":"Gray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27607","article-title":"CIDEC\/FSP27 is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and plays a critical role in fasting- and diet-induced hepatosteatosis","volume":"61","author":"Langhi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1038\/82630","article-title":"Absence of perilipin results in leanness and reverses obesity in Lepr(db\/db) mice","volume":"26","author":"Martinez-Botas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6494","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.101042998","article-title":"Perilipin ablation results in a lean mouse with aberrant adipocyte lipolysis, enhanced leptin production, and resistance to diet-induced obesity","volume":"98","author":"Tansey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200419511","article-title":"Site and mechanism of leptin action in a rodent form of congenital lipodystrophy","volume":"113","author":"Asilmaz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M045799","article-title":"Leptin ameliorates insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in Agpat2\u2212\/\u2212 lipodystrophic mice independent of hepatocyte leptin receptors","volume":"55","author":"Cortes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-0389","article-title":"Leptin deficiency unmasks the deleterious effects of impaired peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma function (P465L PPARgamma) in mice","volume":"55","author":"Gray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40441","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.384545","article-title":"Leptin activates hepatic 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase through sympathetic nervous system and alpha1-adrenergic receptor: a potential mechanism for improvement of fatty liver in lipodystrophy by leptin","volume":"287","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/43448","article-title":"Leptin reverses insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in mice with congenital lipodystrophy","volume":"401","author":"Shimomura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37676","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.250449","article-title":"Human 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase isoforms 1 and 2: biochemical characterization and inability to rescue hepatic steatosis in Agpat2(\u2212\/\u2212) gene lipodystrophic mice","volume":"286","author":"Agarwal","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2922","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-0004","article-title":"Alterations in lipid signaling underlie lipodystrophy secondary to AGPAT2 mutations","volume":"61","author":"Subauste","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.06465-11","article-title":"Berardinelli-seip congenital lipodystrophy 2\/seipin is a cell-autonomous regulator of lipolysis essential for adipocyte differentiation","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-2926-9","article-title":"Thiazolidinediones partially reverse the metabolic disturbances observed in Bscl2\/seipin-deficient mice","volume":"56","author":"Prieur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.07.008","article-title":"Deletion of Cavin\/PTRF causes global loss of caveolae, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12920","article-title":"Ptrf transgenic mice exhibit obesity and fatty liver","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M800491-JLR200","article-title":"The role of LMNA in adipose: a novel mouse model of lipodystrophy based on the Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy mutation","volume":"50","author":"Wojtanik","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2017.06.005","article-title":"Hepatocyte-specific deletion of mouse Lamin A\/C leads to male-selective steatohepatitis","volume":"4","author":"Kwan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.05.006","article-title":"Lack of AKT in adipocytes causes severe lipodystrophy","volume":"5","author":"Shearin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3168","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.20.3168","article-title":"Life without white fat: a transgenic mouse","volume":"12","author":"Moitra","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/90984","article-title":"The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity","volume":"7","author":"Yamauchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2006.11.004","article-title":"Transgenic mice expressing nuclear sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c in adipose tissue exhibit liver histology similar to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"56","author":"Nakayama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-0213","article-title":"Lipodystrophy due to adipose tissue-specific insulin receptor knockout results in progressive NAFLD","volume":"65","author":"Softic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.12.008","article-title":"Adipocyte dynamics and reversible metabolic syndrome in mice with an inducible adipocyte-specific deletion of the insulin receptor","volume":"25","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215001","article-title":"Leptin reverses insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in patients with severe lipodystrophy","volume":"109","author":"Petersen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2271","article-title":"Clinical features and management of non-HIV-related lipodystrophy in children: a systematic review","volume":"102","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4158\/endp.19.1.v767575m65p5mr06","article-title":"The clinical approach to the detection of lipodystrophy - an AACE consensus statement","volume":"19","author":"Handelsman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000111061.69212.59","article-title":"Clinical features and metabolic and autoimmune derangements in acquired partial lipodystrophy: report of 35 cases and review of the literature","volume":"83","author":"Misra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200303000-00007","article-title":"Clinical features and metabolic derangements in acquired generalized lipodystrophy: case reports and review of the literature","volume":"82","author":"Misra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.04.010","article-title":"Clinical presentations, metabolic abnormalities and end-organ complications in patients with familial partial lipodystrophy","volume":"72","author":"Akinci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.06.004","article-title":"Acquired partial lipodystrophy is associated with increased risk for developing metabolic abnormalities","volume":"64","author":"Akinci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0340","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of metreleptin in patients with partial lipodystrophy: lessons from an expanded access program","volume":"7","author":"Ajluni","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.1.30","article-title":"Effect of leptin replacement on intrahepatic and intramyocellular lipid content in patients with generalized lipodystrophy","volume":"26","author":"Simha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.02.007","article-title":"The liver diseases of lipodystrophy: the long-term effect of leptin treatment","volume":"59","author":"Safar Zadeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0450-4","article-title":"Recombinant human leptin treatment in genetic lipodystrophic syndromes: the long-term Spanish experience","volume":"49","author":"Araujo-Vilar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13311","article-title":"Spectrum of disease associated with partial lipodystrophy: lessons from a trial cohort","volume":"86","author":"Ajluni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12436","article-title":"Post-liver transplant leptin results in resolution of severe recurrence of lipodystrophy-associated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"13","author":"Casey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199052","article-title":"Causes of death in patients with Berardinelli-Seip congenital generalized lipodystrophy","volume":"13","author":"Lima","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13061","article-title":"Familial partial lipodystrophy linked to a novel peroxisome proliferator activator receptor -gamma (PPARG) mutation, H449L: a comparison of people with this mutation and those with classic codon 482 Lamin A\/C (LMNA) mutations","volume":"33","author":"Demir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350300800303","article-title":"Rosiglitazone in the treatment of HAART-associated lipodystrophy\u2014a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"8","author":"Sutinen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000062885.61917.A5","article-title":"Regulation of plasma PAI-1 concentrations in HAART-associated lipodystrophy during rosiglitazone therapy","volume":"23","author":"Yki-Jarvinen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1086\/589294","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV-infected patients referred to a metabolic clinic: prevalence, characteristics, and predictors","volume":"47","author":"Guaraldi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328305b9e0","article-title":"Hepatic histopathology and clinical characteristics associated with antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients without viral hepatitis","volume":"20","author":"Akhtar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001936","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive markers of steatosis, NASH and liver fibrosis in HIV-monoinfected individuals at-risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): results from the ECHAM study","volume":"80","author":"Lemoine","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.12.009","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty future disease","volume":"65","author":"Polyzos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1316471","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and HIV infection","volume":"32","author":"Vallet-Pichard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000206503.01536.11","article-title":"Altered hepatic expression of SREBP-1 and PPARgamma is associated with liver injury in insulin-resistant lipodystrophic HIV-infected patients","volume":"20","author":"Lemoine","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04724.x","article-title":"Systematic review: the epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults","volume":"34","author":"Vernon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.01.011","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of hepatic steatosis in HIV-infected patients with or without hepatitis C virus co-infection","volume":"16","author":"Li Vecchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1086\/497608","article-title":"Histological findings and clinical characteristics associated with hepatic steatosis in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus","volume":"192","author":"Marks","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2007.00903.x","article-title":"Liver cirrhosis in HIV-infected patients: prevalence, aetiology and clinical outcome","volume":"15","author":"Castellares","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.7.1035","article-title":"Impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the progression of liver fibrosis in hepatitis C virus infected patients","volume":"52","author":"Mohsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2009.01197.x","article-title":"HIV-HCV co-infected patients with low CD4+ cell nadirs are at risk for faster fibrosis progression and portal hypertension","volume":"17","author":"Reiberger","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23136","article-title":"Fast fibrosis progression between repeated liver biopsies in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus\/hepatitis C virus","volume":"50","author":"Macias","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26741","article-title":"Fibrosis progression in human immunodeficiency virus\/hepatitis C virus coinfected adults: prospective analysis of 435 liver biopsy pairs","volume":"59","author":"Konerman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1177\/2325957415587571","article-title":"Fibrosis progression in paired liver biopsies from HIV\/HCV-coinfected patients without prior treatment of hepatitis C","volume":"14","author":"Leite","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.08.004","article-title":"Similar progression of fibrosis between HIV\/HCV-infected and HCV-infected patients: analysis of paired liver biopsy samples","volume":"8","author":"Sterling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31824587e0","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: multimodal treatment options for a pathogenetically multiple-hit disease","volume":"46","author":"Polyzos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.10.017","article-title":"Leptin in health and disease: facts and expectations at its twentieth anniversary","volume":"64","author":"Polyzos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1159\/000341398","article-title":"Consequences of stopping and restarting leptin in an adolescent with lipodystrophy","volume":"78","author":"Kamran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1856","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes associated with acquired generalized lipodystrophy and insulin resistance: the effect of long-term leptin therapy","volume":"93","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2006.11.010","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of leptin replacement in patients with Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy","volume":"56","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.4158\/EP11229.OR","article-title":"Clinical effects of long-term metreleptin treatment in patients with lipodystrophy","volume":"17","author":"Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3967","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2589","article-title":"A report of three cases with acquired generalized lipodystrophy with distinct autoimmune conditions treated with metreleptin","volume":"100","author":"Lebastchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012437","article-title":"Leptin-replacement therapy for lipodystrophy","volume":"346","author":"Oral","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4137\/CCRep.S40196","article-title":"Metreleptin treatment in three patients with generalized lipodystrophy","volume":"9","author":"Musso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1546","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of leptin-replacement therapy and possible mechanisms of leptin actions in patients with generalized lipodystrophy","volume":"92","author":"Ebihara","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.03095.x","article-title":"Leptin therapy for partial lipodystrophy linked to a PPAR-gamma mutation","volume":"68","author":"Guettier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1589-1","article-title":"Long-term effectiveness and safety of metreleptin in the treatment of patients with generalized lipodystrophy","volume":"60","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3504","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI95476","article-title":"Metreleptin-mediated improvements in insulin sensitivity are independent of food intake in humans with lipodystrophy","volume":"128","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-2730000003174","article-title":"Leptin replacement therapy for the treatment of non-HAART associated lipodystrophy syndromes: a meta-analysis into the effects of leptin on metabolic and hepatic endpoints","volume":"58","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1545","article-title":"Recombinant methionyl human leptin therapy in replacement doses improves insulin resistance and metabolic profile in patients with lipoatrophy and metabolic syndrome induced by the highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"91","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2010.10.002","article-title":"Leptin replacement improves postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity in human immunodeficiency virus-infected lipoatrophic men treated with pioglitazone: a pilot study","volume":"60","author":"Magkos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e291","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3165","article-title":"Metabolic correction induced by leptin replacement treatment in young children with Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipoatrophy","volume":"120","author":"Beltrand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2229","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy and safety of leptin replacement therapy in moderately and severely hypoleptinemic patients with familial partial lipodystrophy of the Dunnigan variety","volume":"97","author":"Simha","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-1027","article-title":"Resistance to leptin-replacement therapy in Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy: an immunological origin","volume":"162","author":"Beltrand","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12980","article-title":"Immunogenicity associated with metreleptin treatment in patients with obesity or lipodystrophy","volume":"85","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2009.01176.x","article-title":"The role of adiponectin in the pathogenesis and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Polyzos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2010.02594.x","article-title":"Adiponectin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease treatment: therapeutic perspectives and unresolved dilemmas","volume":"65","author":"Polyzos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2004.11.050","article-title":"Osmotin is a homolog of mammalian adiponectin and controls apoptosis in yeast through a homolog of mammalian adiponectin receptor","volume":"17","author":"Narasimhan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.10.004","article-title":"Adiponectin homolog novel osmotin protects obesity\/diabetes-induced NAFLD by upregulating AdipoRs\/PPARalpha signaling in ob\/ob and db\/db transgenic mouse models","volume":"90","author":"Ahmad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.02.014","article-title":"The use of statins alone, or in combination with pioglitazone and other drugs, for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and related cardiovascular risk. An expert panel statement","volume":"71","author":"Athyros","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-4-200008150-00009","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of troglitazone in the treatment of lipodystrophy syndromes","volume":"133","author":"Arioglu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.05.013","article-title":"Adiponectin as a target for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with thiazolidinediones: a systematic review","volume":"65","author":"Polyzos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W602","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.8110","article-title":"Quantitative whole-body MRI in familial partial lipodystrophy type 2: changes in adipose tissue distribution coincide with biochemical improvement","volume":"199","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E941","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00490.2003","article-title":"Effects of rosiglitazone on gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue in highly active antiretroviral therapy-associated lipodystrophy","volume":"286","author":"Sutinen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0615","first-page":"166","article-title":"Improvement of fat redistribution, insulin resistance and hepatic fatty infiltration in HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome by pioglitazone: a case report","volume":"87","author":"Prasithsirikul","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1202779","article-title":"The effect of rosiglitazone on insulin sensitivity, beta cell function, bone mineral density, and body composition in HIV-positive patients on highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)","volume":"41","author":"Schindler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-1774","article-title":"Long-term pioglitazone treatment for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized trial","volume":"165","author":"Cusi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.078","article-title":"Rosiglitazone for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: one-year results of the randomized placebo-controlled fatty liver improvement with rosiglitazone therapy (FLIRT) trial","volume":"135","author":"Ratziu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060326","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"355","author":"Belfort","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.216192","article-title":"Differential effects of rosiglitazone and metformin on postprandial lipemia in patients with HIV-lipodystrophy","volume":"31","author":"van Wijk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2008.00978.x","article-title":"Prolonged thiazolidinedione therapy does not reverse fat loss in patients with familial partial lipodystrophy, Dunnigan variety","volume":"10","author":"Simha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.3.797","article-title":"The effects of rosiglitazone on insulin sensitivity, lipolysis, and hepatic and skeletal muscle triglyceride content in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"51","author":"Mayerson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250100031","article-title":"Effect of rosiglitazone on glucose and non-esterified fatty acid metabolism in Type II diabetic patients","volume":"44","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2007.04.005","article-title":"Efficacy of pioglitazone in familial partial lipodystrophy of the Dunnigan type: a case report","volume":"33","author":"Moreau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1086\/427697","article-title":"Improvement in highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced metabolic syndrome by treatment with pioglitazone but not with fenofibrate: a 2 x 2 factorial, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Gavrila","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.207","article-title":"Rosiglitazone revisited: an updated meta-analysis of risk for myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality","volume":"170","author":"Nissen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1068","article-title":"Risk of bladder cancer among diabetic patients treated with pioglitazone: interim report of a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"34","author":"Lewis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2480","article-title":"Can a selective PPARgamma modulator improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes with fewer side effects compared with pioglitazone?","volume":"37","author":"DePaoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199905280-00023","article-title":"Effects of metformin on insulin resistance and central adiposity in patients receiving effective protease inhibitor therapy","volume":"13","author":"Saint-Marc","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.4.472","article-title":"Metformin in the treatment of HIV lipodystrophy syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"284","author":"Hadigan","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-016-1175-1","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues - an efficient therapeutic option for the severe insulin resistance of lipodystrophic syndromes: two case reports","volume":"11","author":"Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2011.04.003","article-title":"Exenatide improves weight loss insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function following administration to a type 2 diabetic HIV patient on antiretroviral therapy","volume":"72","author":"Oriot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2016.1225727","article-title":"Emerging and future therapies for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in adults","volume":"17","author":"Mintziori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.7326\/L16-0372","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor improves complications of lipodystrophy: a case report","volume":"166","author":"Kawana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2017.02.006","article-title":"Growth hormone deficiency and human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"31","author":"Rochira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2010.00906.x","article-title":"Growth hormone axis treatments for HIV-associated lipodystrophy: a systematic review of placebo-controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/15284336.2015.1126424","article-title":"Effect of recombinant human growth hormone and rosiglitazone for HIV-associated abdominal fat accumulation on adiponectin and other markers of inflammation","volume":"17","author":"Leung","year":"2016","journal-title":"HIV Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000237373.38939.14","article-title":"Uridine supplementation enhances hepatic mitochondrial function in thymidine-analogue treated HIV-infected patients","volume":"20","author":"Banasch","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350701200113","article-title":"Uridine supplementation for the treatment of antiretroviral therapy-associated lipoatrophy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Sutinen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602793","article-title":"Uridine supplementation in HIV lipoatrophy: pilot trial on safety and effect on mitochondrial indices","volume":"62","author":"McComsey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0969","article-title":"Cholic acid for hepatic steatosis in patients with lipodystrophy: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"168","author":"Ahmad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0750","first-page":"249","article-title":"Lipid abnormalities in persons living with HIV infection","volume":"35","author":"Waters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2006.07.002","article-title":"Heart positive: design of a randomized controlled clinical trial of intensive lifestyle intervention, niacin and fenofibrate for HIV lipodystrophy\/dyslipidemia","volume":"27","author":"Samson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0104-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies","volume":"24","author":"Friedman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2010.06.002","article-title":"The HIV-1\/HAART associated metabolic syndrome - novel adipokines, molecular associations and therapeutic implications","volume":"61","author":"Tsiodras","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.10.012","article-title":"Leptin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a narrative review","volume":"64","author":"Polyzos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181ec5c66","article-title":"The potential adverse role of leptin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a hypothesis based on critical review of literature","volume":"45","author":"Polyzos","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1038\/29795","article-title":"Leptin modulates the T-cell immune response and reverses starvation-induced immunosuppression","volume":"394","author":"Lord","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3686","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.10.5999","volume":"84","author":"Ozata","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.05.010","article-title":"Leptin at the intersection of neuroendocrinology and metabolism: current evidence and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"18","author":"Dalamaga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6163","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19056163","article-title":"Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel urea- and guanidine-based derivatives for the treatment of obesity-related hepatic steatosis","volume":"19","author":"Liang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2008.10.009","article-title":"Adipose tissue transplantation may be a potential treatment for diabetes, atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"72","author":"Sanal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31827c6df5","article-title":"Autologous fat grafting and injectable dermal fillers for human immunodeficiency virus-associated facial lipodystrophy: a comparison of safety, efficacy, and long-term treatment outcomes","volume":"131","author":"Shuck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1297\/cpe.22.53","article-title":"Abnormal adipose tissue distribution with unfavorable metabolic profile in five children following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a new etiology for acquired partial lipodystrophy","volume":"22","author":"Adachi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2003.10.019","article-title":"Changes in body composition in patients with severe lipodystrophy after leptin replacement therapy","volume":"53","author":"Moran","year":"2004","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20672","article-title":"Leptin reverses nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with severe lipodystrophy","volume":"41","author":"Javor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1301284","article-title":"Thiazolidinedione response in familial lipodystrophy patients with LMNA mutations: a case series","volume":"44","author":"Luedtke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001_bb0830","article-title":"Case of lipoatrophic diabetes induced by juvenile dermatomyositis","author":"Baba","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"}],"container-title":["Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0026049519300897?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0026049519300897?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T04:21:59Z","timestamp":1758428519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0026049519300897"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":166,"alternative-id":["S0026049519300897"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-0495"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-0495","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fatty liver in lipodystrophy: A review with a focus on therapeutic perspectives of adiponectin and\/or leptin replacement","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}