{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:21:18Z","timestamp":1792016478694,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,15]],"date-time":"2022-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642204800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":289,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","metabolismjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T15:08:32Z","timestamp":1610032112000},"page":"154703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Excess body weight is an independent risk factor for severe forms of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"L\u00e9a","family":"Pietri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roch","family":"Giorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"B\u00e9gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manon","family":"Lojou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Koubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Cauchois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Grangeot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"No\u00e9mie","family":"Dubois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Kaplanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Val\u00e9ro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"B\u00e9liard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0005","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), Situation report - 154 https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/situation-reports\/20200622-covid-19-sitrep-154.pdf?sfvrsn=d0249d8d_2 n.d."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0010","unstructured":"Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. [The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi 2020;41:145\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2020.02.003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6775","article-title":"Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area","author":"Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22831","article-title":"High prevalence of obesity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation","author":"Simonnet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30160-1","article-title":"Prevalence of obesity among adult inpatients with COVID-19 in France","volume":"8","author":"Caussy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1685179","article-title":"Pathophysiology and management of acute respiratory distress syndrome in obese patients","volume":"40","author":"Umbrello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2018.1506331","article-title":"The effect of obesity on lung function","volume":"12","author":"Dixon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2014.08.005","article-title":"Obesity and nutrition in acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Stapleton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047659","article-title":"Obesity a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection: multiple potential mechanisms","author":"Sattar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2462070712","article-title":"Fleischner Society: glossary of terms for thoracic imaging","volume":"246","author":"Hansell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0060","article-title":"Phenotypic characteristics and prognosis of inpatients with COVID-19 and diabetes: the CORONADO study","author":"Cariou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Busetto L, Bettini S, Fabris R, Serra R, Dal Pra' C, Maffei P, et al. Obesity and COVID-19: an Italian snapshot. Obes Silver Spring Md 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.22918.","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22918"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0070","article-title":"Association of Body mass index (BMI) with critical COVID-19 and in-hospital mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"154373","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0075","first-page":"154262","article-title":"Severe obesity, increasing age and male sex are independently associated with worse in-hospital outcomes, and higher in-hospital mortality, in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in the Bronx","volume":"108","author":"Palaiodimos","year":"2020","journal-title":"New York Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.07.015","article-title":"Declined serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with the severity of COVID-19 infection","volume":"510","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta Int J Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-09665-0_15","article-title":"HDL in infectious diseases and sepsis","volume":"224","author":"Pirillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154319","article-title":"Visceral fat shows the strongest association with the need of intensive care in patients with COVID-19","volume":"111","author":"Watanabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154317","article-title":"The role of visceral adiposity in the severity of COVID-19: highlights from a unicenter cross-sectional pilot study in Germany","volume":"110","author":"Petersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S406","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201706-447AW","article-title":"Obesity impairs the adaptive immune response to influenza virus","volume":"14","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI137244","article-title":"Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"130","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05991-x","article-title":"Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China","volume":"46","author":"Ruan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0115","unstructured":"Verdot C, Torres M, Salanave B, Deschamps V. Corpulence des enfants et des adultes en France m\u00e9tropolitaine en 2015. R\u00e9sultats de l'\u00e9tude Esteban et \u00e9volution depuis 2006. http:\/\/invs.santepublique france.fr\/beh\/2017\/13\/2017_13_1.html. Bull Epid\u00e9miol Hebd 201713234-41."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0120","unstructured":"Matta J. Pr\u00e9valence du surpoids, de l'ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 et des facteurs de risqu\u00e9 cardio-m\u00e9taboliques dans la cohorte Constances. Bull Epid\u00e9miol Hebd 201635\u201336640\u20136 Hebd. 2016;(35\u201336):640\u20136. http:\/\/beh.santepubliquefrance.fr\/beh\/2016\/35-36\/2016_35."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703_bb0125","author":"World Health Organization"}],"container-title":["Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0026049521000032?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0026049521000032?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T04:24:43Z","timestamp":1758428683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0026049521000032"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["S0026049521000032"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-0495"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-0495","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Excess body weight is an independent risk factor for severe forms of COVID-19","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154703","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"154703"}}