{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T16:51:28Z","timestamp":1794243088645,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,3]],"date-time":"2024-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730592000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":338,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"Commission europ\u00e9enne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MP0022856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MP0022856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","metabolismjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T20:25:57Z","timestamp":1687292757000},"page":"155597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":199,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Current and investigational medications for the treatment of sarcopenia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Yves","family":"Rolland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cedric","family":"Dray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Vellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipe De Souto","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.5.990S","article-title":"Sarcopenia: origins and clinical relevance","volume":"127","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31138-9","article-title":"Sarcopenia","volume":"393","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00516-4","article-title":"The World report on ageing and health: a policy framework for healthy ageing","volume":"387","author":"Beard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-018-0478-1","article-title":"Health care costs associated with muscle weakness: a UK population-based estimate","volume":"104","author":"Pinedo-Villanueva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-018-1139-9","article-title":"International clinical practice guidelines for sarcopenia (ICFSR): screening, diagnosis and management","volume":"22","author":"Dent","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2014.06.012","article-title":"Adherence to exercise programs for older people is influenced by program characteristics and personal factors: a systematic review","volume":"60","author":"Picorelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Physiother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-013-0335-x","article-title":"A phase IIA randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to study the efficacy and safety of the selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), MK-0773 in female participants with sarcopenia","volume":"17","author":"Papanicolaou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12934","article-title":"Effect of perindopril or leucine on physical performance in older people with sarcopenia: the LACE randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"LACE study group, Achison M, Adamson S, Akpan A, Aspray T, Avenell A","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3589","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103589","article-title":"The optimal strategy of vitamin D for sarcopenia: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2015.03.014","article-title":"Sarcopenia in post-menopausal women: is there any role for vitamin D?","volume":"82","author":"Anagnostis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14927","article-title":"Treatment of sarcopenia with Bimagrumab: results from a phase II, randomized, controlled","volume":"65","author":"Rooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proof-of-Concept Study J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.20836","article-title":"Bimagrumab vs optimized standard of Care for Treatment of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"3","author":"Rooks","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1796","article-title":"Characteristics of secondary, primary, and compensated hypogonadism in aging men: evidence from the European male ageing study","volume":"95","author":"Tajar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2000.7710","article-title":"Testosterone and leptin in older African-American men: relationship to age, strength, function, and season","volume":"49","author":"Perry","year":"2000","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.07539.x","article-title":"Changes in muscle, fat and bone mass after 36 weeks of maximal androgen blockade for prostate cancer","volume":"102","author":"Galv\u00e3o","year":"2008","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612827666211115155541","article-title":"Testosterone supplementation on sarcopenia components in chronic patients: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Correa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2020.111106","article-title":"Effect of testosterone supplementation on sarcopenic components in middle-aged and elderly men: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"142","author":"Parahiba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12291","article-title":"Muscular responses to testosterone replacement vary by administration route: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Skinner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00229","article-title":"Testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism: An endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"103","author":"Bhasin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2354","article-title":"Testosterone therapy in men with androgen deficiency syndromes: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"95","author":"Bhasin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-016-0480-2","article-title":"Testosterone supplementation and body composition: results from a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"39","author":"Corona","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00938.x","article-title":"Androgen treatment and muscle strength in elderly men: a meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Ottenbacher","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-018-0566-y","volume":"35","author":"De Spiegeleer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506119","article-title":"Effects of testosterone treatment in older men","volume":"374","author":"Snyder","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1251","article-title":"Effects of testosterone on muscle strength, physical function, body composition, and quality of life in intermediate-frail and frail elderly men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"95","author":"Srinivas-Shankar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1000485","article-title":"Adverse events associated with testosterone administration","volume":"363","author":"Basaria","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054629","article-title":"DHEA in elderly women and DHEA or testosterone in elderly men","volume":"355","author":"Nair","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03019.x","article-title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone combined with exercise improves muscle strength and physical function in frail older women","volume":"58","author":"Kenny","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12424","article-title":"Testosterone does not affect agrin cleavage in mobility-limited older men despite improvement in physical function","volume":"6","author":"Gagliano-Juc\u00e1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1933","article-title":"Exogenous testosterone (T) alone or with finasteride increases physical performance, grip strength, and lean body mass in older men with low serum T","volume":"90","author":"Page","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2575","article-title":"Clinical review 1: adverse effects of testosterone therapy in adult men: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Balsells","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.280386","article-title":"Association of testosterone therapy with mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke in men with low testosterone levels","volume":"310","author":"Vigen","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085805","article-title":"Increased risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction following testosterone therapy prescription in men","volume":"9","author":"Finkle","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0092-9","article-title":"Senolytics improve physical function and increase lifespan in old age","volume":"24","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.04.007","article-title":"Fundamental concepts regarding testosterone deficiency and treatment: international expert consensus resolutions","volume":"91","author":"Morgentaler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-017-0838-x","article-title":"State-of-the-art: a review of cardiovascular effects of testosterone replacement therapy in adult males","volume":"19","author":"Elsherbiny","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14189","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93603-z","article-title":"Low testosterone and cardiometabolic risks in a real-world study of US male firefighters","volume":"11","author":"Ranadive","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.03.042","article-title":"The effect of androgen-replacement therapy on prostate growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Cui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz138","article-title":"Testosterone replacement therapy and the risk of prostate Cancer in men with late-onset hypogonadism","volume":"188","author":"Santella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S135","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2019.11.02","article-title":"Selective androgen receptor modulators: the future of androgen therapy?","volume":"9","author":"Christiansen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.5b00377","article-title":"Optimizing ligand efficiency of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs)","volume":"7","author":"Handlon","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12695","article-title":"Should the FDA\u2019s criteria for the clinical efficacy of cachexia drugs be changed? Is Ostarine safe and effective?","volume":"12","author":"Lambert","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-011-0034-6","article-title":"The selective androgen receptor modulator GTx-024 (enobosarm) improves lean body mass and physical function in healthy elderly men and postmenopausal women: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial","volume":"2","author":"Dalton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohan D, Rossiter H, Watz H, Fogarty C, Evans RA, Man W, et al. Selective androgen receptor modulation for muscle weakness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised control trial. Thorax 2022:thoraxjnl-2021-218360. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thorax-2021-218360.","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2021-218360"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70055-X","article-title":"Effects of enobosarm on muscle wasting and physical function in patients with cancer: a double-blind, randomised controlled phase 2 trial","volume":"14","author":"Dobs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-016-0522-0","article-title":"Study design and rationale for the phase 3 clinical development program of Enobosarm, a selective androgen receptor modulator, for the prevention and treatment of muscle wasting in Cancer patients (POWER trials)","volume":"18","author":"Crawford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2020.1777275","article-title":"Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) as pharmacological treatment for muscle wasting in ongoing clinical trials","volume":"29","author":"Fonseca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26041032","article-title":"Medicinal use of testosterone and related steroids revisited","volume":"26","author":"Tauchen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001538","article-title":"Effect of hormone therapy on muscle strength in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"27","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.10154","article-title":"Association between hormone therapy and muscle mass in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Javed","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glp082","article-title":"Hormone therapy and skeletal muscle strength: a meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Greising","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602695","article-title":"Six months of isoflavone supplement increases fat-free mass in obese-sarcopenic postmenopausal women: a randomized double-blind controlled trial","volume":"61","author":"Aubertin-Leheudre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0265","first-page":"77","article-title":"Muscle strength and tibolone: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"109","author":"Meeuwsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"189","key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0270","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Raloxifene and tibolone in elderly women: a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3181e9d833","article-title":"Low-dose tibolone (1.25 mg\/d) does not affect muscle strength in older women","volume":"18","author":"Ribom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0619","article-title":"Raloxifene and body composition and muscle strength in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"162","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31709-X","article-title":"Type and timing of menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of the worldwide epidemiological evidence","volume":"394","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32033-1","article-title":"Menopausal hormone therapy and 20-year breast cancer mortality","volume":"394","author":"Beral","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2020.102620","article-title":"Impact of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation on testosterone concentrations and BMI in elderly women: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"56","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.6.720","article-title":"Effect of 1-year oral administration of dehydroepiandrosterone to 60- to 80-year-old individuals on muscle function and cross-sectional area: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"163","author":"Percheron","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1003","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00100.2006","article-title":"DHEA enhances effects of weight training on muscle mass and strength in elderly women and men","volume":"291","author":"Villareal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0520-z","article-title":"Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation on bone mineral density, bone markers, and body composition in older adults: the DAWN trial","volume":"19","author":"von M\u00fchlen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04073.x","article-title":"Oral dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in older adults: effects on central adiposity, glucose metabolism and blood lipids","volume":"75","author":"Jankowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13901","article-title":"Sex-specific effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on bone mineral density and body composition: a pooled analysis of four clinical trials","volume":"90","author":"Jankowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2484","article-title":"Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in older adults: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"91","author":"Jankowski","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.03.019","article-title":"Interventions for treating sarcopenia: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies","volume":"18","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.01.057","article-title":"Management of Sarcopenia: a network Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"23","author":"Negm","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30320-X","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of an IGF-1 mimetic in patients with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Grunseich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199007053230101","article-title":"Effects of human growth hormone in men over 60 years old","volume":"323","author":"Rudman","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02181.x","article-title":"The effects of five-year growth hormone replacement therapy on muscle strength in elderly hypopituitary patients","volume":"62","author":"G\u00f6therstr\u00f6m","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0009","article-title":"Muscle strength in elderly adults with GH deficiency after 10 years of GH replacement","volume":"163","author":"G\u00f6therstr\u00f6m","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-8-199604150-00002","article-title":"Growth hormone replacement in healthy older men improves body composition but not functional ability","volume":"124","author":"Papadakis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1998.tb02714.x","article-title":"Lack of an association between insulin-like growth factor-I and body composition, muscle strength, physical performance or self-reported mobility among older persons with functional limitations","volume":"46","author":"Kiel","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03592.x","article-title":"Impact of GH substitution on exercise capacity and muscle strength in GH-deficient adults: a meta-analysis of blinded, placebo-controlled trials","volume":"71","author":"Rubeck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03716.x","article-title":"The effect of growth hormone (GH) replacement on muscle strength in patients with GH-deficiency: a meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Widdowson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0380","first-page":"1361","article-title":"Effect of recombinant human growth hormone on the muscle strength response to resistance exercise in elderly men","volume":"79","author":"Taaffe","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2017.05.005","article-title":"Impact of GH administration on athletic performance in healthy young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials","volume":"34","author":"Hermansen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Growth Hormon IGF Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-2-200701160-00005","article-title":"Systematic review: the safety and efficacy of growth hormone in the healthy elderly","volume":"146","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12675","article-title":"The regulatory approval of anamorelin for treatment of cachexia in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer in Japan: facts and numbers","volume":"12","author":"Wakabayashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)00085-1","article-title":"Targeting cancer cachexia: we\u2019re on the way","volume":"17","author":"Muscaritoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-9-200811040-00003","article-title":"Effects of an oral ghrelin mimetic on body composition and clinical outcomes in healthy older adults: a randomized trial","volume":"149","author":"Nass","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0632","article-title":"Effects of an oral growth hormone secretagogue in older adults","volume":"94","author":"White","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1002\/cpdd.386","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of Domagrozumab (PF-06252616), an Antimyostatin monoclonal antibody, in healthy subjects","volume":"7","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.KR-110","article-title":"Signal transduction pathway through activin receptors as a therapeutic target of musculoskeletal diseases and cancer","volume":"55","author":"Tsuchida","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00298-3","article-title":"Myostatin antibody (LY2495655) in older weak fallers: a proof-of-concept, randomised, phase 2 trial","volume":"3","author":"Becker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0430","first-page":"62","article-title":"A phase 2 randomized study investigating the efficacy and safety of Myostatin antibody LY2495655 versus placebo in patients undergoing elective Total hip arthroplasty","volume":"5","author":"Woodhouse","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Frailty Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12448","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1707925114","article-title":"Blockade of activin type II receptors with a dual anti-ActRIIA\/IIB antibody is critical to promote maximal skeletal muscle hypertrophy","volume":"114","author":"Morvan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e263","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00084-2","article-title":"Bimagrumab to improve recovery after hip fracture in older adults: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, phase 2a\/b trial","volume":"2","author":"Hofbauer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4412","article-title":"Vitamin D and muscle health: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"36","author":"Bislev","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac004","article-title":"Effect of daily vitamin D3 supplementation on muscle health: An individual participant Meta-analysis","volume":"107","author":"Bislev","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang X, Pearsall VM, Carver CM, Atkinson EJ, Clarkson BDS, Grund EM, et al. Rejuvenation of the aged brain immune cell landscape through p16-positive senescent cell clearance. Nat Commun 2022;27;13(1):5671. doi:10 1038 41467-022-33226\u20138.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33226-8"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091860","article-title":"Effect of Calcifediol on physical performance and muscle strength parameters: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Barbagallo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12976","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D monotherapy on indices of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Prokopidis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12717","article-title":"The effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength and mobility in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"33","author":"Abshirini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hum Nutr Diet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0475","first-page":"513","article-title":"Correlation between vitamin D levels and muscle fatigue risk factors based on physical activity in healthy older adults","volume":"11","author":"Al-Eisa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx086","article-title":"Longitudinal associations between vitamin D metabolites and sarcopenia in older Australian men: the Concord health and aging in men project","volume":"73","author":"Hirani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.3.752","article-title":"Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with better lower-extremity function in both active and inactive persons aged > or =60 y","volume":"80","author":"Bischoff-Ferrari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avenell A, Mak JCS, O'Connell D. Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post-menopausal women and older men. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;2014:CD000227. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD000227.pub4.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000227.pub4"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1764","article-title":"Angiotensin II reduces food intake by altering orexigenic neuropeptide expression in the mouse hypothalamus","volume":"153","author":"Yoshida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.035","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of angiotensin II-induced muscle wasting: potential therapeutic targets for cardiac cachexia","volume":"45","author":"Yoshida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001438","article-title":"Effect of losartan on the acute response of human elderly skeletal muscle to exercise","volume":"50","author":"Heisterberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2012.04.011","article-title":"The role of the renin-angiotensin system in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle","volume":"378","author":"Henriksen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08024-8","article-title":"Relation between use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and muscle strength and physical function in older women: an observational study","volume":"359","author":"Onder","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.1.53","article-title":"Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and digoxin on health outcomes of very old patients with heart failure. SAGE study group. Systematic assessment of geriatric drug use via epidemiology","volume":"160","author":"Gambassi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly277","article-title":"Effect of losartan and fish oil on plasma IL-6 and mobility in older persons. The ENRGISE pilot randomized clinical trial","volume":"74","author":"Pahor","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15382","article-title":"Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on cardiovascular adaptation to exercise training","volume":"10","author":"Sj\u00far\u00f0arson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0535","first-page":"503","article-title":"Alterations in the distribution of Alcian blue-staining fibrillar anionic sites in the glomerular basement membrane in aminonucleoside nephrosis","volume":"40","author":"Caulfield","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lab Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)90486-K","article-title":"Cardiac and skeletal muscle adaptations to training in systemic hypertension and effect of beta blockade (metoprolol or propranolol)","volume":"66","author":"Ades","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0545","first-page":"601","article-title":"The role of beta-adrenoceptor signaling in skeletal muscle: therapeutic implications for muscle wasting disorders","volume":"12","author":"Koopman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R327","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00160.2011","article-title":"\u03b2-Adrenergic receptor blockade blunts postexercise skeletal muscle mitochondrial protein synthesis rates in humans","volume":"301","author":"Robinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4121","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275560","article-title":"Beta2-adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol increases protein turnover rates and alters signalling in skeletal muscle after resistance exercise in young men","volume":"596","author":"Hostrup","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12298","article-title":"Effects of acute and 2-week administration of oral salbutamol on exercise performance and muscle strength in athletes","volume":"26","author":"Hostrup","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.12.005","article-title":"Formoterol, a highly \u03b22-selective agonist, induces gender-dimorphic whole body leucine metabolism in humans","volume":"64","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88438-7","article-title":"\u03b22-adrenergic receptor agonist counteracts skeletal muscle atrophy and oxidative stress in uremic mice","volume":"11","author":"Higashihara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198304213081606","article-title":"Drug therapy. Pindolol: a new beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with partial agonist activity","volume":"308","author":"Frishman","year":"1983","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12126","article-title":"Espindolol for the treatment and prevention of cachexia in patients with stage III\/IV non-small cell lung cancer or colorectal cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international multicentre phase II study (the ACT-ONE trial)","volume":"7","author":"Stewart Coats","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12191","article-title":"Effect of beta-adrenergic blockade with carvedilol on cachexia in severe chronic heart failure: results from the COPERNICUS trial","volume":"8","author":"Clark","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen CP, Hirsch MS, Moeny D, Kaul S, Mohamoud M, Joffe HV. Testosterone and \u201cAge-Related Hypogonadism\u201d--FDA Concerns. N Engl J Med 2015;373:689\u201391. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMp1506632.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1506632"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12770","article-title":"European academy of andrology (EAA) guidelines on investigation, treatment and monitoring of functional hypogonadism in males: endorsing organization: European society of endocrinology","volume":"8","author":"Corona","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2019.02.021","article-title":"Late-onset hypogonadism and testosterone therapy - a summary of guidelines from the American urological association and the European Association of Urology","volume":"5","author":"Fode","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qaseem A, Horwitch CA, Vijan S, Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta I, Kansagara D, Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians, et al. Testosterone treatment in adult men with age-related low testosterone: a clinical guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2020;172:126\u201333. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M19-0882.","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-0882"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0601","article-title":"Investigation, treatment and monitoring of late-onset hypogonadism in males: ISA, ISSAM, EAU, EAA and ASA recommendations","volume":"159","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.20945\/2359-3997000000565","article-title":"Vitamin D metabolism and extraskeletal outcomes: an update","volume":"66","author":"Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0349-4","article-title":"Sarcopenia in daily practice: assessment and management","volume":"16","author":"Beaudart","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0625","article-title":"The function of metformin in aging-related musculoskeletal disorders","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.04.001","article-title":"Benefits of metformin in attenuating the hallmarks of aging","volume":"32","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00641-2","article-title":"Exerkines in health, resilience and disease","volume":"18","author":"Chow","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00042","article-title":"Role of Myokines in regulating skeletal muscle mass and function","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00287","article-title":"Exercise-induced Myokines with therapeutic potential for muscle wasting","volume":"10","author":"Piccirillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.90100.2007","article-title":"Muscle as an endocrine organ: focus on muscle-derived interleukin-6","volume":"88","author":"Pedersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2680","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1319","article-title":"Reduced exercise endurance in interleukin-6-deficient mice","volume":"145","author":"F\u00e4ldt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987218","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1987218","article-title":"Increased circulating levels of Interleukin-6 induce perturbation in redox-regulated signaling cascades in muscle of dystrophic mice","volume":"2017","author":"Pelosi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxidative Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6041","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddv323","article-title":"Increased levels of interleukin-6 exacerbate the dystrophic phenotype in mdx mice","volume":"24","author":"Pelosi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12803","article-title":"In vivo neutralization of IL-6 receptors ameliorates gastrointestinal dysfunction in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice","volume":"28","author":"Manning","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13395-017-0140-z","article-title":"Treatment with the anti-IL-6 receptor antibody attenuates muscular dystrophy via promoting skeletal muscle regeneration in dystrophin\u2212\/utrophin-deficient mice","volume":"7","author":"Wada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Skelet Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23497","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202200","article-title":"Pharmacological blockade of TNF\u03b1 prevents sarcopenia and prolongs survival in aging mice","volume":"12","author":"Sciorati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02858-y","article-title":"The effect of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs on skeletal muscle mass in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Hein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62333-4","article-title":"Interleukin-15 administration improves diaphragm muscle pathology and function in dystrophic mdx mice","volume":"166","author":"Harcourt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2000.1299","article-title":"Interleukin-15 antagonizes muscle protein waste in tumour-bearing rats","volume":"83","author":"Carb\u00f3","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2008.10.021","article-title":"FGF21 is an Akt-regulated myokine","volume":"582","author":"Izumiya","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12409","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 controls mitophagy and muscle mass","volume":"10","author":"Oost","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2012.09.002","article-title":"FNDC5 and irisin in humans: I. predictors of circulating concentrations in serum and plasma and II. mRNA expression and circulating concentrations in response to weight loss and exercise","volume":"61","author":"Huh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1814-y","article-title":"The novel myokine irisin: clinical implications and potential role as a biomarker for sarcopenia in postmenopausal women","volume":"64","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0720","first-page":"1850","article-title":"PGC-1 mediates the regulation of metformin in muscle irisin expression and function","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01131-0","article-title":"Irisin is a pro-myogenic factor that induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy and rescues denervation-induced atrophy","volume":"8","author":"Reza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.10.003","article-title":"Apelin stimulates glucose utilization in normal and obese insulin-resistant mice","volume":"8","author":"Dray","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0100","article-title":"Apelin treatment increases complete fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial oxidative capacity, and biogenesis in muscle of insulin-resistant mice","volume":"61","author":"Attan\u00e9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0131-6","article-title":"The exerkine apelin reverses age-associated sarcopenia","volume":"24","author":"Vinel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0745","article-title":"Cellular senescence and senolytics: the path to the clinic","volume":"Aug;28(8):1556-1568","author":"Chaib","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2021.111595","article-title":"Skeletal muscle aging, cellular senescence, and senotherapeutics: current knowledge and future directions","volume":"200","author":"Englund","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11337","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103607","article-title":"Transient metabolic improvement in obese mice treated with navitoclax or dasatinib\/quercetin","volume":"12","author":"Sierra-Ramirez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13767","article-title":"Senolytic drugs, dasatinib and quercetin, attenuate adipose tissue inflammation, and ameliorate metabolic function in old age","volume":"22","author":"Islam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12344","article-title":"The Achilles\u2019 heel of senescent cells: from transcriptome to senolytic drugs","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.770455","article-title":"Mechanisms linking the gut-muscle Axis with muscle protein metabolism and anabolic resistance: implications for older adults at risk of sarcopenia","volume":"12","author":"Prokopidis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597_bb0775","first-page":"12","article-title":"The bacterial quorum sensing peptide iAM373 is a novel inducer of sarcopenia","author":"De Spiegeleer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2026.156565","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000}}],"container-title":["Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0026049523002019?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0026049523002019?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T19:41:19Z","timestamp":1785958879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0026049523002019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":155,"alternative-id":["S0026049523002019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-0495"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-0495","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Current and investigational medications for the treatment of sarcopenia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"155597"}}