{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:38:07Z","timestamp":1790285887648,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Metabolism Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T20:07:21Z","timestamp":1727208441000},"page":"100322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Tea intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Cuncun","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1480-390X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexios-Fotios A.","family":"Mentis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00501-9","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the interplay between metabolism, microbes and immunity","volume":"3","author":"Tilg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15014","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in China: a narrative review","volume":"25","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32511-3","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"397","author":"Powell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00008-5","article-title":"The establishment of public health policies and the burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the Americas","volume":"7","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterology. Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.06.037","article-title":"The effectiveness and acceptability of Mediterranean diet and calorie restriction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Haigh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-022-01140-y","article-title":"The economic burden of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Witkowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2029349","article-title":"Prospective study of outcomes in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"385","author":"Sanyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2020.153421","article-title":"Medicinal plants and their preparations in the European market: why has the harmonization failed? The cases of St. John's wort, valerian, ginkgo, ginseng, and green tea","volume":"81","author":"Bilia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.14218\/FIM.2023.00055","article-title":"Herbal-based nutraceuticals in management of lifestyle diseases: experience from Indian population","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Future Inte. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2009.12.006","article-title":"The antioxidant effect of green tea catechin ameliorates experimental liver injury","volume":"17","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6697","article-title":"The effect of green tea supplementation on obesity: a systematic review and dose\u2013response meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"34","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6731","article-title":"Effects of tea consumption on metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2017.07.008","article-title":"Green tea effects on cognition, mood and human brain function: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Mancini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2011.00440.x","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of green tea in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"70","author":"Masterjohn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-019-0502-y","article-title":"Daily tea drinking is not associated with newly diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese adults: the Tianjin chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and health cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07451-2","article-title":"Bias and causal associations in observational research","volume":"359","author":"Grimes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-020-0914-6","article-title":"Evaluation of confounding in epidemiologic studies assessing alcohol consumption on the risk of ischemic heart disease","volume":"20","author":"Wallach","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib18","first-page":"67","article-title":"Using Mendelian randomisation to assess causality in observational studies","volume":"22","author":"Pagoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3182","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103182","article-title":"A genome-wide association study identifies the association between the 12q24 locus and black tea consumption in Japanese populations","volume":"12","author":"Furukawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-021-00092-5","article-title":"Mendelian randomization","volume":"2","author":"Sanderson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Methods Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2018.00051","article-title":"Common methods for performing Mendelian randomization","volume":"5","author":"Teumer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7499.1076","article-title":"What can mendelian randomisation tell us about modifiable behavioural and environmental exposures?","volume":"330","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40171-z","article-title":"Noncausal effects between tea intake and migraine risk: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"13","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw088","article-title":"Selecting instruments for Mendelian randomization in the wake of genome-wide association studies","volume":"45","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32728","article-title":"The associations between modifiable risk factors and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study","volume":"77","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib26","article-title":"Reading Mendelian randomisation studies: a guide, glossary, and checklist for clinicians","volume":"362","author":"Davies","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14953","article-title":"Visceral adipose tissue and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"99","author":"Tao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib28","article-title":"Association of leisure sedentary behavior and physical activity with the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2022.05.015","article-title":"Statistical methods for Mendelian randomization in genome-wide association studies: a review","volume":"20","author":"Boehm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Struct Biotechnol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14452-4","article-title":"Exploiting horizontal pleiotropy to search for causal pathways within a Mendelian randomization framework","volume":"11","author":"Cho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00523-4","article-title":"Advancing the global public health agenda for NAFLD: a consensus statement","volume":"19","author":"Lazarus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3103","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c07702","article-title":"Regulatory effects and molecular mechanisms of tea and its active compounds on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"71","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2954","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2255","article-title":"Effects of several tea extracts on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice fed with a high\u2010fat diet","volume":"9","author":"Mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib34","first-page":"8339","article-title":"The effect of green tea intake on risk of liver disease: a meta analysis","volume":"8","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2021.02.024","article-title":"Value of functional in-vivo endpoints in preclinical radiation research","volume":"158","author":"Kummer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.989772","article-title":"No causal association between tea consumption and 7 cardiovascular disorders: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"13","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2023.102238","article-title":"What data counts in policymaking and programming evaluation\u2013Relevant data sources for triangulation according to main epistemologies and philosophies within social science","volume":"97","author":"Hanson-DeFusco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eval Progr Plann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000081","article-title":"Methodological challenges in mendelian randomization","volume":"25","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx246","article-title":"Comparison of sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of UK Biobank participants with those of the general population","volume":"186","author":"Fry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.04.058","article-title":"Liver phenotypes of European adults heterozygous or homozygous for Pi\u2217 Z variant of AAT (Pi\u2217 MZ vs Pi\u2217 ZZ genotype) and noncarriers","volume":"159","author":"Schneider","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0367","article-title":"MAFLD: how is it different from NAFLD?","volume":"29","author":"Gofton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-023-10620-y","article-title":"Breaking new ground: MASLD vs. MAFLD\u2014which holds the key for risk stratification?","volume":"18","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Mej\u00eda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatology International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.04.031","article-title":"EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)","volume":"81","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Metabolism Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589936824000549?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589936824000549?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T06:54:22Z","timestamp":1733900062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589936824000549"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S2589936824000549"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-9368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-9368","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tea intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Metabolism Open","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metop.2024.100322","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100322"}}