{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:47:15Z","timestamp":1791928035416,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008974","name":"University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008974","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MethodsX"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T09:54:08Z","timestamp":1789120448000},"page":"104161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparing the effect of virtual reality and transcranial direct current stimulation on fear of falling, balance, and walking ability in stroke: A randomized controlled trial protocol"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5326-4964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akram","family":"Divandari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iraj","family":"Abdollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hassan","family":"Azarsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Sayyadnasiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Mostafaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493020909545","article-title":"Global stroke statistics 2019","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.3390\/s24030812","article-title":"Fall risk assessment in stroke survivors: a machine learning model using detailed motion data from common clinical tests and motor-cognitive dual-tasking","volume":"24","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.910698","article-title":"A systematic review of fall risk factors in stroke survivors: towards improved assessment platforms and protocols","volume":"10","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04298-y","article-title":"Relationship between fear of falling and fall risk among older patients with stroke: a structural equation modeling","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC. Geriatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92546-9","article-title":"Prediction of fear of falling at 6 months after stroke based on 279 individuals from the Fall Study of Gothenburg","volume":"11","author":"Hussain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912739","article-title":"Effectiveness of rehabilitation exercise in improving physical function of stroke patients: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Env. Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0007","article-title":"Cerebral reorganization in subacute stroke survivors after virtual reality-based training: a preliminary study","volume":"2017","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18502\/jimc.v7i1.14197","article-title":"Virtual reality for balance after stroke: a narrative review","author":"Poursaeed","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Iran. Med. Counc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.09.395","article-title":"Effects of virtual reality vs conventional balance training on balance and falls in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"102","author":"Molhemi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S97809","article-title":"Fear of falling: efficacy of virtual reality associated with serious games in elderly people","author":"Levy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treatm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.753381","article-title":"Motor\u2013cognitive treadmill training with virtual reality in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: the effect of training duration","volume":"13","author":"Pelosin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0012","series-title":"Ischemic Stroke therapeutics: A comprehensive Guide","first-page":"225","article-title":"Virtual reality in stroke rehabilitation","author":"Saposnik","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/np\/8425060","article-title":"Effect of tDCS concurrent with VR-based robotic intervention on hemiplegic upper limb function after subacute ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled study","volume":"2025","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"issue":"330","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad5651","article-title":"Ipsilesional anodal tDCS enhances the functional benefits of rehabilitation in patients after stroke","volume":"8","author":"Allman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park SD, Kim JY, Song HSJJopts. Effect of application of transcranial direct current stimulation during task-related training on gait ability of patients with stroke. 2015;27(3):623\u20135.","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.623"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000510","article-title":"Physiology of transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"34","author":"Stagg","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. ECT."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1301790","article-title":"Non-invasive neuromodulation in reducing the risk of falls and fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults: systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Bueno","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.5661","article-title":"Virtual reality and transcranial direct current stimulation for posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"81","author":"van\u2019t Wout-Frank","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMa Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711003059","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of major depression: a meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Kalu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mozafaripour E, Sadati SKM, Najafi L, Zoghi MJNP. The effect of motor imaginary combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on balance in middle-aged women with high fall risk: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. 2023;2023(1):9680371.","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9680371"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.05.018","article-title":"Factors predicting falls and mobility outcomes in patients with stroke returning home after rehabilitation who are at risk of falling","volume":"98","author":"Man-Di Ng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.236.273","article-title":"Virtual reality training with cognitive load improves walking function in chronic stroke patients","volume":"236","author":"Cho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291796004382","article-title":"A validation study of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in different groups of Dutch subjects","volume":"27","author":"Spinhoven","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2005.04.001","article-title":"Restrictions of the Mini-mental State Examination in acute stroke","volume":"20","author":"Nys","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.2.206","article-title":"Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity","volume":"67","author":"Bohannon","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07768-2","article-title":"Effects of treadmill training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation on mobility, motor performance, balance function, and other brain-related outcomes in stroke survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Usman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05603-z","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in addition to walking training on walking, mobility, and reduction of falls in Parkinson\u2019s disease: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Nascimento","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0028","first-page":"131","article-title":"Clinical assessment of fear of falling after stroke: validity, reliability and responsiveness of the Persian version of the Fall Efficacy Scale-International","volume":"28","author":"Azad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. J. Islam. Repub. Iran."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-08463-8","article-title":"Responsiveness of the mini-balance evaluation systems test, dynamic gait index, Berg balance scale, and performance-oriented mobility assessment in parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Mehdizadeh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2019.04.014","article-title":"Studying the correlation between balance assessment by Biodex Stability System and Berg Scale in stroke individuals","volume":"23","author":"Parsa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970410017215","article-title":"Reliability of gait performance tests in men and women with hemiparesis after stroke","volume":"37","author":"Flansbjer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/15412550701471231","article-title":"How can we assess outcomes of clinical trials: the MCID approach","volume":"4","author":"Make","year":"2007","journal-title":"COPD."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20120454","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) in community-dwelling individuals with chronic stroke","volume":"93","author":"Tsang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."}],"container-title":["MethodsX"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2215016126003778?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2215016126003778?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:15:58Z","timestamp":1791926158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2215016126003778"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S2215016126003778"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161","relation":{},"ISSN":["2215-0161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2215-0161","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparing the effect of virtual reality and transcranial direct current stimulation on fear of falling, balance, and walking ability in stroke: A randomized controlled trial protocol","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"MethodsX","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104161","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104161"}}