{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:47:18Z","timestamp":1791928038408,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013380","name":"Global Water Futures","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013380","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010785","name":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MethodsX"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:33:01Z","timestamp":1790137981000},"page":"104174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A daily peat moisture code for monitoring and predicting peatland fire danger"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4043-6277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.L.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0238-1153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.J.","family":"Verkaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4937-8875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.K.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0317-7894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.M.","family":"Waddington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4990-4513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Arango Ruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7015-955X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.M.","family":"Wotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0001","author":"Sankey"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1139\/x11-162","article-title":"Examining the utility of the Canadian forest fire weather index system in boreal peatlands","volume":"42","author":"Waddington","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. J. Forest Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0003","series-title":"The 2025 Update to the FWI System: Structure, Changes and Interpretation","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Tarnocai, I.M. Kettles, B. Lacelle, Peatlands of Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, Open File, 6561, Natural Resources Canada. (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4095\/288786.","DOI":"10.4095\/288786"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1002\/rse2.384","article-title":"A hierarchical, multi-sensor framework for peatland sub-class and vegetation mapping throughout the Canadian boreal forest","volume":"10","author":"Pontone","year":"2024","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Ecol. Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.E. Kuntzemann, E. Whitman, D. Stralberg, M.A. Parisien, D.K. Thompson, S.E. Nielsen, Peatlands promote fire refugia in boreal forests of northern Alberta, Canada, Ecosphere 14 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ecs2.4510.","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.4510"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GB002222","article-title":"Historical burn area in western Canadian peatlands and its relationship to fire weather indices","volume":"18","author":"Turetsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Global. Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/ffgc.2020.00020","article-title":"Assessing boreal peat fire severity and vulnerability of peatlands to early season wildland fire","volume":"3","author":"Bourgeau-Chavez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. For. Glob. Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0009","first-page":"1","article-title":"The changing contribution of peatlands to burned area in Alberta\u2019s Boreal Plains","volume":"56","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2026","journal-title":"Can. J. Forest Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-023-01657-w","article-title":"Wildfire and degradation accelerate northern peatland carbon release","volume":"13","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adl2368","article-title":"Peat fires contribute disproportionately to Siberian fire carbon emissions","volume":"12","author":"Khairoun","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03437-y","article-title":"Overwintering fires in boreal forests","volume":"593","author":"Scholten","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/eco.1493","article-title":"Hydrological feedbacks in northern peatlands","volume":"8","author":"Waddington","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecohydrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4071","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-9-4071-2012","article-title":"Northern peatland carbon stocks and dynamics: a review","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/jvs.12602","article-title":"Boreal bog plant communities along a water table gradient differ in their standing biomass but not their biomass production","volume":"29","author":"Korrensalo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Veg. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-006-0619-5","article-title":"Estimation of stand-level leaf area for boreal bryophytes","volume":"151","author":"Bond-Lamberty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1139\/cjfr-2018-0217","article-title":"The effects of black spruce fuel management on surface fuel condition and peat burn severity in an experimental fire","volume":"48","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can. J. Forest Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aaa136","article-title":"Did enhanced afforestation cause high severity peat burn in the Fort McMurray Horse River wildfire?","volume":"13","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1139\/cjfr-2014-0334","article-title":"Fuel load, structure, and potential fire behaviour in black spruce bogs","volume":"45","author":"Johnston","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can. J. Forest Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3390\/fire3030028","article-title":"Recent crown thinning in a boreal black spruce forest does not reduce spread rate nor total fuel consumption: Results from an experimental crown fire in Alberta, Canada","volume":"3","author":"Thompson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fire"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-18-157-2018","article-title":"Hydrometeorological conditions preceding wildfire, and the subsequent burning of a fen watershed in Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada","volume":"18","author":"Elmes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4114","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.10440","article-title":"Hydrological controls on deep burning in a northern forested peatland","volume":"29","author":"Lukenbach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aba7e8","article-title":"Shallow peat is most vulnerable to high peat burn severity during wildfire","volume":"15","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8063","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08063","article-title":"Moderate drop in water table increases peatland vulnerability to post-fire regime shift","volume":"5","author":"Kettridge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1523","article-title":"Experimental drying intensifies burning and carbon losses in a northern peatland","volume":"2","author":"Turetsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2024JG008674","article-title":"Fuel loads and peat smoldering carbon loss increase following drainage in a forested boreal peatland","volume":"130","author":"Verkaik","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2021.126793","article-title":"Ecohydrological trade-offs from multiple peatland disturbances: The interactive effects of drainage, harvesting, restoration and wildfire in a southern Ontario bog","volume":"601","author":"McCarter","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hydrol. (Amst)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28498","article-title":"Mitigating wildfire carbon loss in managed northern peatlands through restoration","volume":"6","author":"Granath","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/ffgc.2019.00084","article-title":"Assessing drivers of cross-scale variability in peat smoldering combustion vulnerability in forested boreal peatlands","volume":"2","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. For. Glob. Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0031","author":"Allen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.6298","article-title":"Dynamics of evapotranspiration from a riparian pond complex in the Western Boreal forest, Alberta, Canada","volume":"21","author":"Petrone","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3728","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.9898","article-title":"Towards quantifying the negative feedback regulation of peatland evaporation to drought","volume":"28","author":"Kettridge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/eco.31","article-title":"Sphagnum under pressure: towards an ecohydrological approach to examining Sphagnum productivity","volume":"1","author":"Thompson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecohydrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3635","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.13836","article-title":"The role of snow processes and hillslopes on runoff generation in present and future climates in a recently constructed watershed in the Athabasca oil sands region","volume":"34","author":"Biagi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0037","series-title":"Groundwater","author":"Freeze","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1139\/cjfr-2018-0293","article-title":"Fire-regime changes in canada over the last half century","volume":"49","author":"Hanes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can. J. Forest Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1139\/cjfr-2024-0092","article-title":"The 2023 wildfires in British Columbia, Canada: impacts, drivers, and transformations to coexist with wildfire","volume":"55","author":"Daniels","year":"2025","journal-title":"Can. J. Forest Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-023-00977-1","article-title":"Abrupt, climate-induced increase in wildfires in British Columbia since the mid-2000s","volume":"4","author":"Parisien","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun. Earth. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1071\/WF17008","article-title":"Trend analysis of fire season length and extreme fire weather in North America between 1979 and 2015","volume":"26","author":"Jain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland. Fire"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1139\/cjfr-2025-0209","article-title":"Fire regime changes in Canada: an update","volume":"55","author":"Hanes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Can. J. Forest Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0043","first-page":"91","article-title":"Canadian forests are more conducive to high-severity fires in recent decades","volume":"387","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science (1979)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3390\/fire3030028","article-title":"Recent crown thinning in a boreal black spruce forest does not reduce spread rate nor total fuel consumption: Results from an experimental crown fire in Alberta, Canada","volume":"3","author":"Thompson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fire"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.13626","article-title":"Seasonal ground ice impacts on spring ecohydrological conditions in a western boreal plains peatland","volume":"34","author":"Van Huizen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1694(93)90043-9","article-title":"The role of permafrost and seasonal frost in the hydrology of northern wetlands in North America","volume":"141","author":"Woo","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Hydrol. (Amst)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2013.01.014","article-title":"Wildfire effects on vadose zone hydrology in forested boreal peatland microforms","volume":"486","author":"Thompson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hydrol. (Amst)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1071\/WF17084","article-title":"Review of emissions from smouldering peat fires and their contribution to regional haze episodes","volume":"27","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland. Fire"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2022JG006923","article-title":"Reduced Net CO2 uptake during dry summers in a boreal shield peatland","volume":"128","author":"McDonald","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci."}],"container-title":["MethodsX"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2215016126003900?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2215016126003900?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:18:01Z","timestamp":1791926281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2215016126003900"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S2215016126003900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174","relation":{},"ISSN":["2215-0161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2215-0161","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A daily peat moisture code for monitoring and predicting peatland fire danger","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"MethodsX","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mex.2026.104174","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104174"}}