{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:54:47Z","timestamp":1788267287008,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004100","name":"Labex","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-11-LABX-0024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-LABX-0024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004100","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002915","name":"Fondation pour la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EQU202103012571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EQU202103012571"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002915","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016913","name":"MSDAVENIR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DS-2022-0017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DS-2022-0017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016913","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-24-CHBS-0008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-24-CHBS-0008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-21-CE15-0002-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-21-CE15-0002-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-21-CE35\\u20130010-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-21-CE35\\u20130010-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmn.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Opinion in Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T12:21:45Z","timestamp":1756556505000},"page":"102662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Decoding the epigenetic blueprint behind Toxoplasma (pre)sexual commitment and chronic persistence"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Martina","family":"Shahinas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belen","family":"Pachano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie G","family":"Robert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Swale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2547-8233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed-Ali","family":"Hakimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2014.84","article-title":"The evolutionary ecology of complex lifecycle parasites: linking phenomena with mechanisms","volume":"114","author":"Auld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00518-7","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection and its implications within the central nervous system","volume":"19","author":"Matta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-041320-011520","article-title":"Epigenetic reprogramming in host-parasite coevolution: the toxoplasma paradigm","volume":"76","author":"Hakimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1134471","article-title":"Exploring Toxoplasma gondii\u2019s biology within the intestinal epithelium: intestinal-derived models to unravel sexual differentiation","volume":"13","author":"Sena","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2024.111615","article-title":"Mechanisms of adaptation and evolution in Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"258","author":"Angel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8020047","article-title":"ApiAP2 transcription factors in apicomplexan parasites","volume":"8","author":"Jeninga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2024.09.007","article-title":"Unraveling the complexities of ApiAP2 regulation in Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"40","author":"Singhal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2023.102383","article-title":"Cell cycle-regulated ApiAP2s and parasite development: the Toxoplasma paradigm","volume":"76","author":"Zarringhalam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-090817-062741","article-title":"The epigenome, cell cycle, and development in toxoplasma","volume":"72","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2021.07.016","article-title":"The developmental trajectories of Toxoplasma stem from an elaborate epigenetic rewiring","volume":"38","author":"Farhat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib11","article-title":"Micro-C reveals MORC\/ApiAP2-mediated links between distant, functionally related genes in the human malaria parasite","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_sbref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-023-01358-2","article-title":"A positive feedback loop controls Toxoplasma chronic differentiation","volume":"8","author":"Licon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009335","article-title":"m6A RNA methylation facilitates pre-mRNA 3'-end formation and is essential for viability of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"17","author":"Holmes","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.68312","article-title":"A plant-like mechanism coupling m6A reading to polyadenylation safeguards transcriptome integrity and developmental gene partitioning in Toxoplasma","volume":"10","author":"Farhat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib15","article-title":"3'-end mRNA processing within apicomplexan parasites, a patchwork of classic, and unexpected players","volume":"14","author":"Swale","year":"2023","journal-title":"Wiley Inter Rev RNA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0674-4","article-title":"A MORC-driven transcriptional switch controls Toxoplasma developmental trajectories and sexual commitment","volume":"5","author":"Farhat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6871","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1300059110","article-title":"ApiAP2 transcription factor restricts development of the Toxoplasma tissue cyst","volume":"110","author":"Radke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_sbref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06821-y","article-title":"In vitro production of cat-restricted Toxoplasma pre-sexual stages","volume":"625","author":"Antunes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/msb.20209569","article-title":"Exploring the virulence gene interactome with CRISPR\/dCas9 in the human malaria parasite","volume":"16","author":"Bryant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Syst Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.92499.3","article-title":"PfMORC protein regulates chromatin accessibility and transcriptional repression in the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"12","author":"Chahine","year":"2024","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.92201.3","article-title":"A Plasmodium falciparum MORC protein complex modulates epigenetic control of gene expression through interaction with heterochromatin","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.77.062706.153223","article-title":"The biology of chromatin remodeling complexes","volume":"78","author":"Clapier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.07.011","article-title":"Mechanisms and functions of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling enzymes","volume":"154","author":"Narlikar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biophys-051013-022819","article-title":"Mechanisms of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling motors","volume":"45","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S003358351700004X","article-title":"Chromatin-remodeling for transcription","volume":"50","author":"Lorch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Q Rev Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_sbref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-025-01980-2","article-title":"An ISWI-related chromatin remodeller regulates stage-specific gene expression in Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"10","author":"Pachano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_sbref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08595-x","article-title":"Plasmodium blood stage development requires the chromatin remodeller Snf2L","volume":"639","author":"Watzlowik","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.10.026","article-title":"The chromosome folding problem and how cells solve it","volume":"187","author":"Dekker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1115-5","article-title":"Mammalian ISWI and SWI\/SNF selectively mediate binding of distinct transcription factors","volume":"569","author":"Barisic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.604897","article-title":"Comparisons of the sexual cycles for the coccidian parasites eimeria and toxoplasma","volume":"10","author":"Martorelli Di Genova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12703\/r\/12-1","article-title":"Advances towards the complete in vitro life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"12","author":"Warschkau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fac Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.29391","article-title":"Modifications at K31 on the lateral surface of histone H4 contribute to genome structure and expression in apicomplexan parasites","volume":"6","author":"Sindikubwabo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2021.111373","article-title":"Recent achievements and doors opened for coccidian parasite research and development through transcriptomics of enteric sexual stages","volume":"243","author":"Ramakrishnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2024.01.009","article-title":"Sex in a dish: high-efficiency Toxoplasma pre-sexual development","volume":"40","author":"Hryckowian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01785-23","article-title":"AP2XII-1 is a negative regulator of merogony and presexual commitment in Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"14","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00606-22","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii AP2XII-2 contributes to transcriptional repression for sexual commitment","volume":"8","author":"Srivastava","year":"2023","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib37","article-title":"AP2XII-1 and AP2XI-2 suppress schizogony gene expression in Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"25","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib38","article-title":"The transcription factor AP2XI-2 is a key negative regulator of Toxoplasma gondii merogony","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00021-08","article-title":"MORN1 has a conserved role in asexual and sexual development across the apicomplexa","volume":"7","author":"Ferguson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00269","article-title":"Fussing about fission: defining variety among mainstream and exotic apicomplexan cell division modes","volume":"10","author":"Gubbels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib41","first-page":"167","article-title":"Ultrastructural study of early stages of asexual multiplication and microgametogony of Toxoplasma gondii in the small intestine of the cat","volume":"82","author":"Ferguson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand B Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.07.032","article-title":"The gene-silencing protein MORC-1 topologically entraps DNA and forms multimeric assemblies to cause DNA compaction","volume":"75","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24280","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a signature of sexual commitment in malaria parasites","volume":"551","author":"Poran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.11.004","article-title":"Structural determinants of DNA binding by a P. falciparum ApiAP2 transcriptional regulator","volume":"395","author":"Lindner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2005.08.011","article-title":"A novel rhoptry protein in Toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites and merozoites","volume":"144","author":"Schwarz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.54129","article-title":"A single-parasite transcriptional atlas of Toxoplasma gondii reveals novel control of antigen expression","volume":"9","author":"Xue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2023.102383","article-title":"Cell cycle-regulated ApiAP2s and parasite development: the Toxoplasma paradigm","volume":"76","author":"Zarringhalam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.12.013","article-title":"Identification of a master regulator of differentiation in toxoplasma","volume":"180","author":"Waldman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662_othref0005","unstructured":"Robert MG, Swale C, Pachano B, D\u00e9p\u00e9ry L, Bellini V, Dard C, Cannella D, Corrao C, Belmudes L, Cout\u00e9 Y, Bougdour A, Pelloux H, Chapey E, Wallon M, Brenier-Pinchart MP, Hakimi MA: Uncovering Biomarkers for Chronic Toxoplasmosis Detection Highlights Alternative Pathways Shaping Parasite Dormancy. EMBO Mol. Med. in press"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1369527425000840?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1369527425000840?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T12:21:25Z","timestamp":1772886085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1369527425000840"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S1369527425000840"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662","relation":{},"ISSN":["1369-5274"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1369-5274","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Decoding the epigenetic blueprint behind Toxoplasma (pre)sexual commitment and chronic persistence","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Opinion in Microbiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mib.2025.102662","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102662"}}