{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T06:28:52Z","timestamp":1793600932004,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministry of Education Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CZ.02.01.01\/00\/22_008\/0004575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.02.01.01\/00\/22_008\/0004575"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LX22NPO5103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LX22NPO5103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-10700S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-10700S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25-16037S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-16037S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LM2023055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LM2023055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Opinion in Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T22:33:22Z","timestamp":1774650802000},"page":"102747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dual-promoter control of gene expression: from transcriptional fine-tuning to antibiotic resistance"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Petra","family":"Sudzinov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Kne\u017eov\u00e1 Balgov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0160\u00e1rka","family":"Bobkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Libor","family":"Kr\u00e1sn\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D996","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1007","article-title":"Ensembl genomes 2022: an expanding genome resource for non-vertebrates","volume":"50","author":"Yates","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D121","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1051","article-title":"The European nucleotide archive in 2022","volume":"51","author":"Burgin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib3","article-title":"Advances in whole genome sequencing: methods, tools, and applications in population genomics","volume":"26","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_sbref4","article-title":"CDBProm: the comprehensive directory of bacterial promoters","volume":"6","author":"Martinez","year":"2024","journal-title":"NAR Genom Bioinform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.101310","article-title":"What is in the black box? The discovery of the sigma factor and the subunit structure of E. coli RNA polymerase","volume":"297","author":"Burgess","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2503801122","article-title":"Bacillus subtilis \u03c3A and Escherichia coli \u03c370 lacking \u03c3 region 1.1 are not released during transcription initiation and elongation","volume":"122","author":"Tewary","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf1459","article-title":"Differential association of primary and alternative \u03c3 factors with RNA polymerase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during transcription elongation","volume":"54","author":"Hazra","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2472","article-title":"The promoter-search mechanism of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase is dominated by three-dimensional diffusion","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2017.06.003","article-title":"Kinetic modelling and meta-analysis of the B. subtilis SigA regulatory network during spore germination and outgrowth","volume":"1860","author":"Ramaniuk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0327805","article-title":"Analysis and comparison of the bacterial \u03c354 regulon: evidence of phylogenetic trends in gene regulation","volume":"20","author":"Carrera-Reyna","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00407-17","article-title":"Roles of transcriptional and translational control mechanisms in regulation of ribosomal protein synthesis in Escherichia coli","volume":"199","author":"Burgos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_sbref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2025.110369","article-title":"Regulation of steady state ribosomal transcription in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: intersection of sigma subunits, superhelicity, and transcription factors","volume":"301","author":"Ruiz Manzano","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-00898-9","article-title":"Widespread divergent transcription from bacterial and archaeal promoters is a consequence of DNA-sequence symmetry","volume":"6","author":"Warman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2022.194843","article-title":"Characterization of divergent promoters PmaiA and Phyd from Gordonia: co-expression and regulation by CRP","volume":"1865","author":"Jaishankar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Gene Regulatory Mechanisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.6.2059-2070.2001","article-title":"Regulatory architecture of the iron-regulated fepD-ybdA bidirectional promoter region in Escherichia coli","volume":"183","author":"Christoffersen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkag028","article-title":"Bidirectional promoters in Escherichia coli: regulatory rules and implications for gene expression noise","volume":"54","author":"Warman","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7492","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.22.7492-7494.1993","article-title":"Negative autoregulation by the Escherichia coli SoxS protein: a dampening mechanism for the soxRS redox stress response","volume":"175","author":"Nunoshiba","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2004.05.010","article-title":"Transcriptional interference between convergent promoters caused by elongation over the promoter","volume":"14","author":"Callen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02101","article-title":"Extraordinary expansion of a Sorangium cellulosum genome from an alkaline milieu","volume":"3","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02274-24","article-title":"Activation of the general stress response sigma factor SigB prevents competence development in Bacillus subtilis","volume":"15","author":"Harms","year":"2024","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00072-25","article-title":"Biophysical modeling reveals the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of Spo0A, the master regulator in starving Bacillus subtilis","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib22","article-title":"Overlapping SigH and SigE sigma factor regulons in Corynebacterium glutamicum","volume":"13","author":"Busche","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1013482","article-title":"Emergence of supercoiling-mediated regulatory networks through the evolution of bacterial chromosome organization","volume":"21","author":"Grohens","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.05.038","article-title":"Mechanism of transcriptional bursting in bacteria","volume":"158","author":"Chong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012764","article-title":"Differential effect of supercoiling on bacterial transcription in topological domains","volume":"21","author":"Goldberg","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2016.06.026","article-title":"Effect of DNA bending on transcriptional interference in the systems of closely spaced convergent promoters","volume":"1860","author":"Koroleva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17891-0","article-title":"Three tandem promoters, together with IHF, regulate growth phase dependent expression of the Escherichia coli kps capsule gene cluster","volume":"7","author":"Jia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.04.015","article-title":"DNA supercoiling restricts the transcriptional bursting of neighboring eukaryotic genes","volume":"83","author":"Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1264-y","article-title":"Architecture of divergent flagellar promoters controlled by CtrA in Rhodobacter sphaeroides","volume":"18","author":"Rivera-Osorio","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2009.42","article-title":"Prevalence of transcription promoters within archaeal operons and coding sequences","volume":"5","author":"Koide","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Syst Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_sbref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-024-02025-w","article-title":"Gene regulation by convergent promoters","volume":"57","author":"Wiechens","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02066-25","article-title":"Principles of bacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotics at subinhibitory concentrations","volume":"16","author":"Vaisbourd","year":"2025","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_sbref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf1407","article-title":"Bacteria sense the antibiotic rifampicin through a widespread dual-promoter based alarm system","volume":"54","author":"Sudzinov\u00e1","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00286-0","article-title":"Structural mechanism for rifampicin inhibition of bacterial RNA polymerase","volume":"104","author":"Campbell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8740","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52891-5","article-title":"Mycobacterial HelD connects RNA polymerase recycling with transcription initiation","volume":"15","author":"Kova\u013e","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.06.034","article-title":"Mycobacterium abscessus HelR interacts with RNA polymerase to confer intrinsic rifamycin resistance","volume":"82","author":"Hurst-Hess","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.06.019","article-title":"HelR is a helicase-like protein that protects RNA polymerase from rifamycin antibiotics","volume":"82","author":"Surette","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11343","article-title":"Rifampin phosphotransferase is an unusual antibiotic resistance kinase","volume":"7","author":"Stogios","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(92)80834-4","article-title":"Differential inhibition of abortive transcription initiation at different promoters catalysed by E. coli RNA polymerase: effect of rifampicin on purine or pyramidine-initiated phosphodiester synthesis","volume":"306","author":"Kumar","year":"1992","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_sbref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.4c00012","article-title":"Transcription attenuation in synthetic promoters in nonoverlapping tandem formation","volume":"63","author":"Chauhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06667-3","article-title":"Rifampicin can induce antibiotic tolerance in mycobacteria via paradoxical changes in rpoB transcription","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3769","article-title":"MarR family proteins are important regulators of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance","volume":"29","author":"Beggs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.4c00219","article-title":"Fundamentals and exceptions of the LysR-type transcriptional regulators","volume":"13","author":"Demeester","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Synth Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3890","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01997-14","article-title":"Structural and functional characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa global regulator AmpR","volume":"196","author":"Caille","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7102","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1402358111","article-title":"A rifamycin inactivating phosphotransferase family shared by environmental and pathogenic bacteria","volume":"111","author":"Spanogiannopoulos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib46","article-title":"What the Hel: recent advances in understanding rifampicin resistance in bacteria","volume":"47","author":"Sudzinov\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D61","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl842","article-title":"NCBI reference sequences (RefSeq): a curated non-redundant sequence database of genomes, transcripts and proteins","volume":"35","author":"Pruitt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D243","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae1038","article-title":"NCBI RefSeq: reference sequence standards through 25 years of curation and annotation","volume":"53","author":"Goldfarb","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.8b00115","article-title":"Construction, model-based analysis, and characterization of a promoter library for fine-tuned gene expression in Bacillus subtilis","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Synth Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib50","article-title":"Method for engineering artificial bidirectional promoters","author":"Fages-Lartaud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Sq Prepr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747_bib51","article-title":"Dual-promoter systems drive plasmid loss via non-translational burden in geraniol-producing E. coli","volume":"208","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S136952742600041X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S136952742600041X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T05:54:08Z","timestamp":1793598848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S136952742600041X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S136952742600041X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747","relation":{},"ISSN":["1369-5274"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1369-5274","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dual-promoter control of gene expression: from transcriptional fine-tuning to antibiotic resistance","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Opinion in Microbiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mib.2026.102747","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102747"}}