{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T07:10:31Z","timestamp":1769065831044,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]],"date-time":"2003-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7336,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]],"date-time":"2003-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070236800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]],"date-time":"2003-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070236800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]],"date-time":"2003-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070236800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]],"date-time":"2003-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070236800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]],"date-time":"2003-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070236800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,30]],"date-time":"2003-10-30T04:08:40Z","timestamp":1067486920000},"page":"1363-1371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Extracellular ATP induces cell death in CD4+\/CD8+ double-positive thymocytes in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Marcio","family":"Mantuano-Barradas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9a","family":"Henriques-Pons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia C","family":"Ara\u00fajo-Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Di Virgilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robson","family":"Coutinho-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro M","family":"Persechini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.13.040195.000521","article-title":"Positive selection of thymocytes","volume":"13","author":"Jameson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1385\/IR:21:2-3:315","article-title":"The thymus and negative selection","volume":"21","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006611518223","article-title":"Thymic involution in aging","volume":"20","author":"Aspinall","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12021","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.21.12021","article-title":"Progesterone receptors in the thymus are required for thymic involution during pregnancy and for normal fertility","volume":"96","author":"Tibbetts","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1994.01420360046005","article-title":"The role of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in thymic involution following sepsis","volume":"129","author":"Barke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB6","first-page":"95","article-title":"Thymic atrophy in type 2\u00a0reovirus infected mice: immunosuppression and effects of thymic hormone. Thymic atrophy caused by reo-2","volume":"18","author":"Onodera","year":"1991","journal-title":"Thymus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1993.18","article-title":"Characterization of thymic involution induced by murine cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"71","author":"Price","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6541","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.10.6541-6547.1995","article-title":"Thymus involution induced by mouse hepatitis virus A59 in BALB\/c mice","volume":"69","author":"Godfraind","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.35.3.1063-1069.1982","article-title":"Atrophy of the thymic cortex in mice with granulomatous schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"35","author":"Wellhausen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infect. Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB10","first-page":"95","article-title":"Modulation of thymocyte subsets during acute and chronic phases of experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"77","author":"Leite-de-Moraes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830190930","article-title":"Studies on the thymus in Chagas\u2019 disease. I. Changes in the thymic microenvironment in mice acutely infected with Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"19","author":"Savino","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1996.4283","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional alterations of thymic nurse cells following acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"82","author":"Cotta-de-Almeida","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1991.tb01772.x","article-title":"Studies on the thymus in Chagas\u2019 disease. II. Thymocyte subset fluctuations in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice: relationship to stress","volume":"33","author":"Leite-de-Moraes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199905)29:05<1635::AID-IMMU1635>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"ATP-evoked Ca2+ transients and currents in murine thymocytes: possible role for P2X receptors in death by neglect","volume":"29","author":"Freedman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(78)91510-3","article-title":"Adenosine and adenine nucleotides are mitogenic for mouse thymocytes","volume":"83","author":"Gregory","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(00)00168-1","article-title":"Apoptosis of murine thymocytes induced by extracellular ATP is dose- and cytosolic pH-dependent","volume":"72","author":"Nagy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.112.2.279","article-title":"Extracellular ATP as a trigger for apoptosis or programmed cell death","volume":"112","author":"Zheng","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB18","first-page":"413","article-title":"Receptors for purines and pyrimidines","volume":"50","author":"Ralevic","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8884","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)47497-2","article-title":"ATP4\u2013 permeabilizes the plasma membrane of mouse macrophages to fluorescent dyes","volume":"262","author":"Steinberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1793","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1997.273.6.C1793","article-title":"P2Z purinoceptor-associated pores induced by extracellular ATP in macrophages and J774 cells","volume":"273","author":"Coutinho-Silva","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5095","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.11.5095","article-title":"Effects of extracellular ATP and adenosine on different thymocyte subsets: possible role of ATP-gated channels and G protein-coupled purinergic receptor","volume":"158","author":"Apasov","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1139","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1999.276.5.C1139","article-title":"P2Z\/P2X7 receptor-dependent apoptosis of dendritic cells","volume":"276","author":"Coutinho-Silva","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80322-2","article-title":"The involvement of an ATP-gated ion channel, P2X1 in thymocyte apoptosis","volume":"5","author":"Chvatchko","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.3.831","article-title":"Transient up-regulation of P2Y2 nucleotide receptor mRNA expression is an immediate early gene response in activated thymocytes","volume":"94","author":"Koshiba","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1995.tb00680.x","article-title":"Role of extracellular ATP and P1 and P2 classes of purinergic receptors in T-cell development and cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector functions","volume":"146","author":"Apasov","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00931809","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi: the effect of variations in experimental conditions on the levels of macrophage infection in vitro","volume":"75","author":"Araujo-Jorge","year":"1989","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB27","first-page":"389","article-title":"Therapeutic activity and criterion of cure on mice experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"4","author":"Brener","year":"1962","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.309","article-title":"Glucocorticoids in T cell development and function","volume":"18","author":"Ashwell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7424","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)39131-8","article-title":"Covalent incorporation of 3\u2032-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyl-ATP into a P2 purinoceptor in transformed mouse fibroblasts","volume":"265","author":"Erb","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.2000.0317","article-title":"Extinguishing maternal immune responses during pregnancy: implications for immunosuppression","volume":"13","author":"Mellor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.24.1.117-120.1979","article-title":"Thymus-dependent control of host defense mechanisms against Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"24","author":"Kierszenbaum","year":"1979","journal-title":"Infect. Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/356338a0","article-title":"Susceptibility of b2-microglobulin-deficient mice to Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"356","author":"Tarleton","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2002","article-title":"Molecular physiology of P2X receptors","volume":"82","author":"North","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.3.587","article-title":"Nucleotide receptors: an emerging family of regulatory molecules in blood cells","volume":"97","author":"Di Virgilio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)00172-8","article-title":"Specific detection of non-functional human P2X(7) receptors in HEK293 cells and B-lymphocytes","volume":"538","author":"Barden","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M206383200","article-title":"Signaling through P2X7 receptor in human T cells involves p56lck, MAP kinases, and transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappa B","volume":"278","author":"Budagian","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08156-4","article-title":"A loss-of-function polymorphic mutation in the cytolytic P2X7 receptor gene and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a molecular study","volume":"359","author":"Wiley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00700-X","article-title":"P2X7 purinoceptor expression in Xenopus oocytes is not sufficient to produce a pore-forming P2Z-like phenotype","volume":"411","author":"Petrou","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4108","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.8.4108","article-title":"Cutting edge: a natural P451L mutation in the cytoplasmic domain impairs the function of the mouse P2X7 receptor","volume":"169","author":"Adriouch","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11917-9","article-title":"Polymorphism in the P2X7 receptor gene and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","volume":"360","author":"Thunberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB41","first-page":"91","article-title":"Studies of the thymus in Chagas\u2019 disease: III. Colonization of the thymus and other lymphoid organs of adult and newborn mice by Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"39","author":"Gon\u00e7alves-da-Costa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pathol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8267","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.21.8267","article-title":"Extracellular ATP in T-lymphocyte activation: possible role in effector functions","volume":"87","author":"Filippini","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.64.2.265","article-title":"Modulation of P2X7 nucleotide receptor expression by pro- and anti-inflammatory stimuli in THP-1 monocytes","volume":"64","author":"Humphreys","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Leukocyte Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X1998000100015","article-title":"Cytokines in innate and acquired immunity to Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"31","author":"Abrahamsohn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2613.2002.00215.x","article-title":"Evidence of a perforin-mediated mechanism controlling cardiac inflammation in Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"83","author":"Henriques-Pons","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01874.x","article-title":"Differential susceptibility to acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection in BALB\/c and C57BL\/6\u00a0mice is not associated with a distinct parasite load but cytokine abnormalities","volume":"128","author":"Roggero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3896","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052496399","article-title":"Thymocyte depletion in Trypanosoma cruzi infection is mediated by trans-sialidase-induced apoptosis on nurse cells complex","volume":"99","author":"Mucci","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"}],"container-title":["Microbes and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1286457903002582?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1286457903002582?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]],"date-time":"2024-04-07T15:01:47Z","timestamp":1712502107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1286457903002582"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1286457903002582"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1286-4579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1286-4579","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Extracellular ATP induces cell death in CD4+\/CD8+ double-positive thymocytes in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microbes and Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2003 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}